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Works of Christopher Dawson

The Gods of Revolution: An Analysis of the French Revolution

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Rare book

173 pages, Hardcover

First published January 1, 1972

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About the author

Christopher Henry Dawson

146 books169 followers
Christopher Henry Dawson (12 October 1889, Hay Castle – 25 May 1970, Budleigh Salterton) was a British independent scholar, who wrote many books on cultural history and Christendom. Christopher H. Dawson has been called "the greatest English-speaking Catholic historian of the twentieth century".

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5 stars
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25 (38%)
3 stars
9 (13%)
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Displaying 1 - 16 of 16 reviews
Profile Image for James.
138 reviews20 followers
April 21, 2022
"The Gods of Revolution" is not so much a history of the French Revolution of 1789 but of its ideas, from the Englightenment philosophers that preceded it to the Liberalism and Socialism that followed it in the nineteenth century. As Dawson says, the French Revolution was not just a political revolution but above all a religious one, building the Religion of Man on the ruins of the Ancien Regime and the Catholic Church. Also interesting is his critique of the Industrial Revolution and how it transformed daily life in accordance with the egalitarian philosophical principles of the Englightenment. It is a brilliant and succinct analysis by one of the greatest Catholic historians of the 20th century.
161 reviews1 follower
May 17, 2025
“A free society requires a higher degree of spiritual unity than a totalitarian one. Hence the spiritual integration of western culture is essential to its temporal survival…

Consequently it is to Christianity that western culture must look for leadership and help in restoring the moral and spiritual unity of our civilization. If it fails to do so, it means either the failure of Christianity or the condemnation of modern civilization.” (147).
Profile Image for Pedro Camino.
37 reviews2 followers
May 4, 2020
Excelente libro. El señor Dawson traza magistralmente los inicios de la Revolución francesa y llega al fondo de los ideales que la hizo germinar. Excelente introducción al tema. Lo aproveché bastante.

El único problema que encuentro con el material es su brevedad. Al solo tener 209 (versión en español), condensa tantos acontecimientos que necesita un tratamiento más pausado.
Profile Image for Daniel Milenov.
6 reviews
July 10, 2026
Exceslo.
Recorrido histórico en el sentido de Diez de Corral (itinerario complicado que combina muchos cambios de estación, recorridos muy diferentes, con velocidades varias, paradas o adelantamientos) y de L.V.Ranke (arte que debe ser interpretado de la manera más verosímil) de la traslatio de los valores cristianos -mediante su vaciamiento pasando por su "profanación" (como diría Javier Conde) al establecer el Estado como Deus Mortalis, introduciendo la religión de la naturaleza "pura"- a una religión secularizada del hombre liberado de Dios por la "Razón", siendo la sociedad civil, ergo la pseudo "voluntad general", la causa de legitimación de un sujeto soberano, cuyo poder calificado como "desnudo", escapa a su abstracción como idea al no poder contenerlo. Es la lucha del poder temporal vs la autoridad espiritual o de la doctrina de las dos espadas, la cual la temporal y secularizada se lleva el gato al agua. Y todo ello mediante un instrumento de miedo y terror, la Revolución Francesa que no es más que una consecuencia de lo anterior. La voluntad del pueblo francés "engañado" se puede resumir en la cita de De Maistre (Les Soirées de Saint-Pétersbourg, ou Entretiens sur le Gouvernement Temporel de la Providence): "La voluntad del pueblo es un ariete empujado por [treinta] millones de almas". Cuando la voluntad "general" como cuerpo político entero se convierte en fundamento absoluto del poder, deja de ser poder bajo la razón y la moralidad y se desnuda sin limitación alguna (se podría decir que es la síntesis de la revolución francesa).

Me gusta mucho como Dawson deja claro que todos los problemas planteados tanto filosóficos como económicos son problemas que tienen su raíz en los problemas religiosos de la Reforma.

Ahora bien, son los intereses mezquinos, individualistas y corruptos que se esconden detrás, los que impulsan dicha Revolución.
Ello se puede ver en los pasajes en los que Dawson explica que la burguesía francesa está asentada de tal manera que se convierte en una especie de aristocracia en donde van a predominar mayoritariamente funcionarios y abogados en el desarrollo de la sociedad, formándose como una casta (noblesse de robe) complicando el ascenso social. Dice Dawson "La ambición de un comerciante o un abogado es adquirir algún cargo y que pueda franquearle en su hijo la carrera administrativa".
Es de suma importancia la Revolución Americana en los acontecimientos previos a la Revolución francesa, ya que los franceses verán en ella la justificación de sus ideales que ya se iban gestando desde la Reforma.
Dawson comparte como Tocqueville (L'Ancien Régime et la Révolution) que las causas de la revolución , es decir, las acervas críticas al Ancien Régime hay que buscarlas mucho antes, en los preámbulos de los decretos de los ministros de Luis XVI, Turgot, Necker y Brienne. Incluso va más allá, los síntomas de la revolución, o dicho de otra manera, la destrucción o abolición de los poderes intermedios como dice Tocqueville son anteriores o ya se van gestando en la monarquía absoluta como es la anulación de la abolición de los Parlaments realizada por Luis XVI, los cuales fueren abolidos por su predecesor, en concreto por su canciller René Nicolas de Maupeou.
Este punto o error es clave en la historia de la Revolución, ya que a partir de este acontecimiento, todo intento de reforma del Estado queda precito a la "autoridad" de quienes disfrutan del orden existente.
Dice Dawson: "No es exagerado afirmar que sin Parlaments no habría crisis financiera, sin crisis financiera no se habrían convocado Estados Generales y sin estos no habría habido revolución".

No obstante Dawson explica que son más las causas y más profundas las que subyacen detrás, como las sociológicas y las económicas, a parte de las religiosas (raíz fundante de las demás). "Al mismo tiempo que la crítica revolucionaria de la Ilustración lamina los fundamentos religiosos del orden tradicional, sus bases funcionales son destruidos por un cambio económico, el sistema financiero y la nueva economía". Sistema económico "liberal" en donde la nobleza va a perder la fe en si misma.

Es claro lo que escribe el Conde Ségur en sus memorias: "Pour nous , jeune noblesse française, sans regret pour le passé, sans inquiétude pour l'avenir, nous marchions gaiement sur un tapis de fleurs qui nous cachait un abîme".

En definitiva, es una obra maestra que examina con detalle las causas, los acontecimientos y consecuencias de varias revoluciones, centrándose en la Revolución Francesa, pasando por la Renacentista, Inglesa, Americana y sobre todo la que subyace por detrás, la religiosa, por medio de la Reforma, hasta llegar a la actualidad.
Profile Image for Anson Cassel Mills.
696 reviews20 followers
February 11, 2020
Christopher Dawson (1889-1970) was a (mostly independent) British Catholic scholar of ideas who, for a few years in the middle of the 20th century, held the Chauncey Stillman Chair of Roman Catholic Studies at Harvard University. Dawson was well acquainted with contemporary litterateurs who also took seriously the connection between religion and culture, notably Arnold Toynbee, C. S. Lewis, and T. S. Eliot. (Toynbee wrote the introduction to this posthumous book.)

The first edition of The Gods of Revolution had no subtitle, perhaps because it really deserves one of those long, hairy ones given to novels in the 18th century, something like, “General musings on the intellectual causes, course, and consequences of the French Revolution, especially as they join matters of religion and high culture.” Dawson writes well enough, and his insights, even if not philosophically profound, are presented cogently, as in this paragraph contrasting the continental Enlightenment with contemporary England:

“While Voltaire was conducting his campaign against religion among the upper classes on the continent, the Wesleys and Whitefield were preaching a revival of intense personal religion among the lower and middle classes of England and the American colonies. Their inspiration was derived from the Pietist movement of Lutheran Germany, above all from the followers of Count Zinzendorf, the Moravian Brethren, but the new doctrines fell on a ground prepared by the Puritan tradition of the seventeenth century, and acquired a thoroughly national character. They appealed to just those classes which might otherwise have afforded fruitful soil for the political agitator and turned into religious channels the forces which on the continent found an outlet in the revolutionary movement that was inspired by the social mysticism of Rousseau.” (132)

Nevertheless, a serious, unrecognized problem for Dawson is his inability to understand that the superstition of popular Catholicism in 18th-century France was a major contributing factor to Revolutionary adoption of Enlightenment progress as an alternative religion. Furthermore, on a more mundane level, Dawson assumes his readers already have a fairly comprehensive knowledge of the history of the Revolution, as well as some basic French and Latin.
Profile Image for Krishna Avendaño.
Author 2 books58 followers
July 25, 2021
Excelente. La modernidad y sobre todo el pensamiento ilustrado intentaron encumbrar a la razón, a lo humano, a lo inmanente por encima de todas las categorías. Pero en su intento de eliminar los atavismos religiosos y tradicionales, que pretendidamente encadenaban a los hombres, terminaron por fundar una nueva fe que sus intelectuales viven con la misma intensidad que los fanáticos de antaño. Será el credo en la democracia y en la revolución perpetua. Esta última entendida no como un proceso bélico y traumático, sino como un fenómeno teleológico, abocado a conducir, mediante un proceso racional, de pretensiones científicas, a la humanidad y a la historia hacia su conclusión lógica; los marxistas pensarán que es la sociedad sin clases, los liberales un mundo subsumido a lo económico y a lo individual, los progresistas hacia una utopía igualitaria donde las categorías pierden rigidez y devienen líquidas.

Una pena que la muerte del autor dejara la última porción del libro un tanto inconexa con respecto al resto de la obra.
1,714 reviews26 followers
May 2, 2022
This book looks at the religious aspects of the French Revolution, both how religious changes (the rise of the often anti-clerical Enlightenment) impacted the Revolution, and how the revolutionaries themselves were taken with a kind of religious fervor. It is a slim volume, but filled with information (much of which I was unfamiliar with previously). It is a familiar argument, but the author provides fresh material that is not available elsewhere. The book also seemed very polished, despite the fact that it was supposedly unfinished at the time of the author's death.
Profile Image for Paithan.
210 reviews20 followers
March 4, 2026
This is the exact sort of history book I have been searching for ever simce I read GK Chesterton’s “The Everlasting Man” in 2022.

Dawson looks at history through a Christian lense, specifically identifying political and economic movements as spiritual developments.

This lense allows one to view the French Revolution not as some triumph of science and humanism, but a foolish attempt by humanity to liberate itself from its broken condition, with deathly results.
Profile Image for Aaron Michael.
1,235 reviews3 followers
August 14, 2023
PART ONE: THE REVOLUTION OF IDEAS
1 The European Revolution
2 The Historic Origins of Liberalism

“The men of the age had an unlimited belief in the powers of human reason and in the possibility of an immediate social transformation if only the legislature could be won over to the cause of reason and progress.”

3 The Birth of Democracy

“…the Enlightenment had swept and garnished the western mind without bringing anything to take the place of the religion that it had destroyed. … If the liberal ideas of the Enlightenment were to penetrate beyond the limited world of the privileged classes and change the thought and the life of the people, they had to make an appeal to psychological forces that lay beneath the surface of rational consciousness. They had to be transformed from a philosophy into a religion: to cease to be mere ideas and to become articles of faith. This reinterpretation of liberalism in religious terms was the work of Jean-Jacques Rousseau, who thus became the founder and prophet of a new faith—the religion of Democracy. … He saw that all the ills of man and all the evils of society were due not to man's own sin or ignorance but to social injustice and the corruptions of an artificial civilization. If man could return to nature and follow the divinely inspired instincts of his own heart, all would be well. The savage child of nature was happier than the spoiled child of civilization, and the simple faith of the peasant wiser than all the science of the philosophers.”




PART TWO: THE FRENCH REVOLUTION
4 The Rights of Man
5 The Altars of Fear

“The religion of the Jacobins… like Christianity… was a religion of human salvation, the salvation of the world by the power of man set free by Reason.”

6 The Reign of Terror
7 The Fall of the Mountain
8 The Turning of the Tide




PART THREE: THE IMPACT OF THE REVOLUTION
9 Religion and the Romantic Movement

“…even those who did not recover their faith in God, lost that faith in man and in the law of progress that had been characteristic of the previous age. Rationalism flourishes best in a prosperous age and a sheltered society; it finds few adherents among the unfortunate and the defeated.”

10 Europe and the Revolution
11 The Revolution and the Modern World
Displaying 1 - 16 of 16 reviews