I picked this book out with my professional development funds and have been slowly going through it, one article at a time, for the past year. (Well, slowly until today, where I had a flight and ended up plowing through the second half of the book.)
Some quick hit insights, more for my own brain:
-I liked the format! Each chapter focuses on a seminal paper in learning theory. The authors review the article, provide the abstract, a summary and analysis of the big ideas, discuss how it should inform practice, and end the chapter with takeaways and links to future reading.
-The papers are organized into themed sections, which was a good idea. I think there was a little bit of a missed opportunity here to synthesize papers on a particular topic in a more developed introduction or conclusion to each section.
This is especially important for readers who approach it like I did for the first half of the book—one chapter here or there.
The best “synthesis” came toward the end but was so deeply riddled with pet peeves of the author that I found it frustrating.
I will say that the authors do make connections between articles in different sections, which is helpful. Less specifically, “Here’s how this work built on or responded to this one,” and more just their own brief insights and connections.
-The book takes a very negative view towards what it terms “cognitivism”, discovery learning, inquiry learning, problem-based learning, grit, 21st century skills, and towards the end of the book, a focus on motivation and/or media.
This was frustrating for a couple reasons:
1) While I agree with them that discovery learning is probably not appropriate in many cases, particularly in a K-12 classroom or for novices in a field, they never considered places where the strategy MIGHT be appropriate. Perhaps for upper level college students who have a level of foundational knowledge in their discipline.
It felt like there was a missing analysis of the wide ranging contexts these approaches are used in. I want to speak more to context later in the review.
2) At the end of the book, they lambast Sir Ken Robinson for using “straw men”, but they absolutely did the same towards these approaches.
First of all, cognitivism is WAY more nuanced than just discovery learning. In the later chapters, at least, the authors treated them as synonymous.
Active learning, which was covered positively in an earlier chapter, is also a cognitivist approach, as are some of the social learning techniques mentioned.
Maybe reading their full articles on these topics (instead of just the chapters summarizing the articles) would give a more detailed view and be a fairer presentation, but I had been thinking “these are straw men arguments, they aren’t presenting these ideas on their own terms before explaining WHY they are problematic” for a good several chapters, so when they leveled the accusation at another author (without much context or fair treatment of his work), it was frustrating to say the least.
It seems like the authors intentionally took the most extreme form of some of these ideas (discovery learning with no guidance from the instructor, for example) and knocked it down, which seemed completely unfair.
3) Maybe I missed it until I read a larger chunk in one sitting, but it felt like the last 1/3-1/4 of the book had a VERY negative tone as a result.
4) in that more problematic end, they keep defining “learning” as “a change in longterm memory”. If the idea is defended in the first half of the book, I forgot it. When I encountered it again today, I kept thinking, that that is WAY too shallow a definition of learning, which casts doubt on their analysis in these sections.
-Speaking of context, I wish there were a section on this for every chapter. I work primarily in an online, async, higher ed context in the US. It appears the authors focus on a K-12, traditional brick and mortar classroom context in the UK. These distinctions matter!
What was the original context of the research? When was it performed? What background or other research was it responding to? What populations were studied? Do the ideas apply to different contexts? Have those contexts also been studied?
This would have been SO helpful, and I actually think it’s a really important part of examining research that just felt missing.
-Despite these criticisms, I did enjoy the book. My thinking was challenged. I’d like to pursue some of these chapter further and dig into the articles and references more fully. I think this could be a great book to go through with a team or department, where more of those nuances and applications to practice could be fleshed out.