This study examines the growth of class and class consciousness during the industrial revolution, and the different approaches taken by historians and social theorists in discussing this development. This discussion has traditionally been undertaken between Marxist and anti-Marxist standpoints. These are critically appraised here with special reference to the evidence for a 'birth of class' during the early 19th century, the possibility of a 'revolutionary class consciousness" in the 1930s and 1840s, and the economic and cultural causes of the growth of class consciousness
R.J. Morris is Professor of Economic and Social History at Edinburgh University. His previous publications include Class, Sect and Party. The Making of the British Middle Class: Leeds, 1820-50; People and Society in Scotland Volume II, 1830-1914 (jointly edited with W Hamish Fraser), and The ILP on Clydeside, 1893-1932: from foundation to disintegration (jointly edited with Alan McKinlay). He is a contributor to the Penguin History of Scotland.