"Evangelicals on the Canterbury Trail: Why Evangelicals Are Attracted to the Liturgical Church" was an exceptional read for me. I have felt myself being drawn to the "Canterbury Trail" (although I have not previously named it as that) over the past year as I have learned more about the historical church. There were points in the book where I wondered whether I or Robert Webber had written the book because he gave voice to many of the thoughts and feelings I have been having—in many ways he physically wrote them in a way I would have written them too!
Webber, professor of Bible Theology at Wheaton College, grew up in and was a member of an evangelical denomination (fundamentalist Baptist) and migrated to the Episcopal Church after he began teaching at Wheaton. In the book, he reflects on the six primary reasons (a chapter for each one) that he has found for why evangelicals are drawn to the liturgical church. They are six needs that he believes the Anglican tradition meets for many believers; I will share a few thoughts on each one:
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1) MYSTERY: A sense of mystery in religious experience
Like Webber, I found that "my experience was simply this: the more certain I became about my ability to defend God's existence and explain his character, the less real he seemed to me" (25). Christianity became to me "no longer a power to be experienced but a system to be defended" (24), and because of this "I was drying up spiritually. The reservoir of God's presence in my life was running low. But forget that. I had the answers. And, after all, I had been taught that the answers were what made the difference" (25).
I also loved the Christianity which I had created; "everything fit together so neatly and nicely" (26). And "I had developed a smug complacency about my ability to handle the mysteries of life with a touch of knowledge" (26). I really believed that "any 'true' Christian with a knowledge of the Bible and common sense would agree with me . . . Reason alone would eventually force all into conformity with my interpretation" (26). Over the past several years, it is not that I have been questioning the truth of the answers (although I have with some), but it is more that "I simply wanted to know why it was all so cold, so calculated, so rational, [and] so dead" (28). But until I began to learn more broadly about the church, I found no alternative. Recently, I have been learning that "what [I] need is not answers about God but God himself" (30).
2) WORSHIP: A Christ-centered worship experience
This is about the center of our Sunday morning worship (church service) not being about evangelism per se or about education per se but being about Christ. "I have been put off by the narcissism of much contemporary worship. In this setting the orientation of worship appears to center around me, my feelings, and my experience, rather than around God, his person, and his work in Jesus Christ" (40). I too have had a desire for more than just the consumer "me-me-me mentality" of much of worship.
3) SACRAMENTS: A sacramental reality
This has not been a strong initial pull for me, but it is a slowly growing desire as I am understanding what it means bit-by-bit. "Because of my [evangelical] background, the words 'becoming sacramental' still have an odd ring. And on occasion a red flag goes up in response to such words as liturgical or Eucharist . . . There was a time I would have tossed [these] idea[s] out as heretical . . . I would have dismissed any hint of a visible or tangible sign of this meeting as dangerous and non-biblical" (47).
I am having to come to grips with the idea that "a supernatural Christianity based on 'God with us' in Jesus Christ and a sacramental Christianity that recognizes God's continued presence with us in the church through visible signs are really two sides of the same coin" (49). "I'm no longer willing to look at my world through the eyes of Enlightenment rationalism. I'm convinced that there is more to life than what can be seen by the naked eye, by literalism, or by reason. A conviction to the supernatural calls me to see what is behind the literal, to penetrate more deeply into the mystery of life" (49).
"I no longer regard the sacraments as magical or pagan. Rather, I have come to believe they are visible means through which the saving and healing action of God through Jesus Christ is communicated to his people. The sacraments do not save us. They are vehicles through which the salvation of the world accomplished by Christ is extended to us. They bring Christ to us and touch us with his healing power" (55-56).
4) IDENTITY: A historical identity
This point and the next have been the strongest pulling factors for me away from evangelicalism, hands down. Although I have not become an Episcopalian, this quote by Melody Patterson really captures my recent feelings well: "In the past I felt as though Christianity began a few years before I became a Christian. I began to sense a real need to belong to my Christian heritage. When I became an Episcopalian (for me: as I have studied more about the church), I added a new dimension to my faith that I had never experienced before. I now feel my connection with all those Christians that have gone before me" (57).
Webber goes on to speak for me: "I wanted to belong to church history—to feel myself a part of the past. I wanted to stand in the tradition of those who had gone before me. I felt separated from the past and conscious only of my immediate present" (58). "I had always looked back on the history of the Church in a judgemental manner. Somehow, I felt that where I was in time and space was better than where anyone else had been. Now, because of the link with the apostles, I wanted to stand within history and march forward. I felt like I had found my family tree in the attic. I had this overwhelming urge to discover for the first time my Christian lineage" (61-62).
Growing up, no one in my church ever spoke about the many Christians who came before us. They were never quoted, they were never looked to for wisdom or guidance, their wonderful stories of faith were never shared, their thoughts were not even critiqued—it was like they didn't exist! I have been increasingly realizing (on my own) that the TWO THOUSAND YEARS of Christians who have come before us have been incredible thinkers, leaders, theologians, pastors, martyrs, etc. from whom there is so so so much to learn. Was it possible that some of them actually understood the faith better than I do? I truly believe it is a tragedy that so many Christians are being raised and nurtured in environments which neglect the rich history of the church, OUR history.
5) ENTIRE CHURCH: A feeling of being a part of Christ's entire church
Growing up, I thought, "How could I, a dyed-in-the-wool evangelical, a Christian committed to Protestant Christianity, have anything in common with a Roman Catholic? How could we pray together, read and discuss scripture and fellowship together? Can Jerusalem and Babylon have anything in common? . . . Maybe, I thought, I could be a witness to these pagans and help them come to a saving knowledge of Christ . . . Would these Mary-worshippers, these advocated of works righteousness, these saint worshipers, and pray-ers for the dead know anything about true Christianity? Would they be so steeped in tradition, so warped by liturgy, and so attached to their beads that discussion of Scripture, personal prayer, and fellowship would be foreign to their experience?" (62-63).
I had somehow developed the idea that our Protestant, evangelical Christianity was the only true expression of the faith. All other denominations or groups had erred terribly somewhere along the way and needed to be saved; Literally, I believed they didn't know Jesus. I hesitated to include Catholics under the umbrella of Christianity at all. "All of this worked very neatly for me and I felt most comfortable with it until I actually met Arminians, Lutherans, Anabaptists, and Roman Catholics (may I add Presbyterians, Methodists, Episcopalians, and Eastern Orthodox) who were devout Christian people. The neat little lines I had drawn to assure my identity were beginning to crumble" (60-61).
"As time went on my prejudices against the Roman Catholics (and other Christians) began to fall by the wayside. I had encountered real people who were deeply committed to Christ as his church—people who expressed their faith in a tradition different than mine, but people whom I had to admit challenged me in my own faith experience. I felt that they loved Christ more than I did, that they knew more about the Christian faith than I did, that they cared deeply about prayer and spirituality, and that they were deeply devoted to the poor, the hungry, and the outcasts of this world . . . There is one thing I have become convinced of. It is this: evangelical Christians do not have a monopoly on the faith. God has his people in every expression of the faith—Catholic, Orthodox, Protestant, fundamentalist, evangelical, Holiness, [and] charismatic" (64).
"My experience of God's people who were of a completely different tradition than mine gave me pause for reflection. 'Where,' I had to ask myself, 'is my identity? Am I an evangelical, a fundamentalist? What am I? Where do I belong? I remembered Paul's admonition to the Corinthian church: 'For when one says, "I belong to Paul," and another, "I belong to Apollos," are you not merely men?' (1 Cor.. 3:4). Could it be, I asked, that we need to hear Paul's admonition today in a fresh way? Is the situation in today's church an expanded version of the Corinthian problem? Are we putting our labels before Christ? I was convinced that I had done this and I was resolved to find a way to overcome my failure to affirm the whole church" (64).
"My problem with those who fight against the unity of the church is that they often do so on the grounds of secondary issues. We may not all agree that the Bible is inerrant, but we can agree that it is the authoritative apostolic witness to Jesus Christ. We may not be able to agree on our specific interpretation of bread and wine, but we can at least agree that they are the symbols of Christ living, dying, and rising again for our salvation. We may not be able to agree on our specific interpretation and practice of baptism, but we ought to be able to agree that this is God's sign to us of his grace and love toward us. We may not be able to agree on the specifics of the end times, but we can agree on the coming again of Christ" (74).
"In this [Episcopal] tradition we recognize that that which hold the church together is more important than that which divides the church . . . My choice is to stress this unity and acknowledge our differences as the human and cultural element of the church. I want to both affirm all God's people everywhere and seek to understand, affirm, and enjoy the differences between us" (74).
"God saves us not because of the label we wear, but because of what he has done in Jesus Christ for us all. When we truly affirm that confession, then we have found our identity with the history of all God's people. Our family tree begins not with the Reformation or the twentieth-century evangelical movement but with Jesus Christ, and it continues through the Apostles, the primitive Christian community, the Apostolic Fathers, the Eastern Orthodox Church, the Catholic Church, the Church of the Reformation, and all who say 'Jesus is Lord' . . . To affirm our identity with all God's people everywhere is to recover from historical amnesia and to discover our identity. We belong to a great company of saints . . . Together we are one in Jesus Christ, brothers and sisters in the community of faith with Christ as our head. Thanks be to God!" (65-66).
6) HOLISTIC SPIRITUALITY
"It is not unusual to find people leaving the liturgical tradition because of its failure to stress conversion adequately. On the other hand, it not unusual to find evangelicals leaving evangelical churches because they overstress conversion and inadequately emphasize growth in Christ" (76-77). It is this overstressing of conversion and neglecting of the CONTINUAL transformative power of Christ in our lives each day FOLLOWING our conversion that pushes me away from classical evangelicalism. I am mournful at the many Christians who sit in the pews of our churches each week who—because they are "saved" and are "nice" people—believe that there is nothing more to the Christian faith! Rather, there is a LIFETIME of growth, of journeying with our Risen Lord! The Spirit is with us transforming us as we seek God in deeper and deeper ways throughout our lives. Justification without sanctification may be faith, but it is faith that is hollow and empty.
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The second half of the book contains the personal stories of six different individuals who found themselves on a path to the liturgical church as well. These were not just fascinating to read, but there were a number of points where my thoughts and feelings linked with the thoughts and feelings they wrestled through as they made this journey.
Although Webber does not hold back in critiquing the weaknesses of evangelicalism, in all of it, he maintains that "Christianity is like a diamond. To see it in all of its fullness and beauty, we must see it from all of its sides. Anglicanism has a side to it that is not found within the evangelical church. And the opposite of this is true. Evangelicalism has strengths that can enrich and strengthen the Anglican tradition as well" (p. 12). He spends a large portion of the final chapter of the book naming the strengths of evangelicalism and the ways in which it has much to bring to the Anglican church and liturgical church at large. The strengths he sees are evangelicals' 1) sense of personal conversion, 2) deep concern to be orthodox, 3) attachment and love for the scripture, and 4) a sense of mission (170).
He calls not for a radical casting-off of one for the sake of the other, but, rather, a symbiotic relationship where we (evangelical and liturgical) learn and grow from the strengths of one another. He contends that we can no longer live "in our own spiritual ghettos" (167), and he is prompting the church towards a new era, not of divisiveness and tribalism—as has been present in our denominationalism—but to an era marked by unity and by a "convergence of the evangelical and catholic traditions" (165).
"Evangelicals and the liturgical tradition need each other. We can no longer remain behind the walls of separation we have built against each other. We can no longer perpetuate the caricatures we have drawn of each other. Yes, there will be some on both sides who will continue the myths. But we must rise above them, above pettiness, above spiritual pride, and affirm the whole church of Christ and our need for each other" (171).