L'École des femmes - L'École des maris - La Critique de l'École des femmes - L'Impromptu de Versailles

by Molière, Jean Serroy (Editor)

L'École des femmes, qui enrichit la satire formulée dans L'École des maris un an plus tôt, est un laboratoire. Elle a donné lieu à La Critique de l'École des Femmes, mise en scène tranchante des débats que la pièce a suscités. Puis à L'Impromptu de Versailles, qui évoque ironiquement la réception de la Critique elle-même. Quatre pièces dans lesquelles Molière dénonce le ridicule de ceux qui croient à leur rôle au point de s'y tenir. À l'hypocrisie du théâtre social, il oppose le secours de la comédie. Parfois négligées, les trois pièces offertes en regard de L'École des femmes montrent pourtant un Molière qui s'engage dans la défense de sa pièce, allant jusqu'à se mettre lui-même en scène. Car c'est bien en homme de troupe que Molière perçoit les rôles que les uns sont prêts à jouer et que les autres s'apprêtent à trahir.

Genres: Theatre

352 pages, Pocket Book

Published August 15, 2019

About the author

Sophisticated comedies of French playwright Molière, pen name of Jean Baptiste Poquelin, include Tartuffe (1664), The Misanthrope (1666), and The Bourgeois Gentleman (1670).

French literary figures, including Molière and Jean de la Fontaine, gathered at Auteuil, a favorite place.

People know and consider Molière, stage of Jean-Baptiste Poquelin, also an actor of the greatest masters in western literature. People best know l'Ecole des femmes (The School for Wives), l'Avare ou l'École du mensonge (The Miser), and le Malade imaginaire (The Imaginary Invalid) among dramas of Molière.

From a prosperous family, Molière studied at the Jesuit Clermont college (now lycée Louis-le-Grand) and well suited to begin a life in the theater. While 13 years as an itinerant actor helped to polish his abilities, he also began to combine the more refined elements with ccommedia dell'arte.

Through the patronage of the brother of Louis XIV and a few aristocrats, Molière procured a command performance before the king at the Louvre. Molière performed a classic of [authore:Pierre Corneille] and le Docteur amoureux (The Doctor in Love), a farce of his own; people granted him the use of Salle du Petit-Bourbon, a spacious room, appointed for theater at the Louvre. Later, people granted the use of the Palais-Royal to Molière. In both locations, he found success among the Parisians with les Précieuses ridicules (The Affected Ladies), l'École des maris</i> (<i>The School for Husbands</i>), and <i>[book:l'École des femmes (The School for Wives). This royal favor brought a pension and the title "Troupe du Roi" (the troupe of the king). Molière continued as the official author of court entertainments.

Molière received the adulation of the court and Parisians, but from moralists and the Church, his satires attracted criticisms. From the Church, his attack on religious hypocrisy roundly received condemnations, while people banned performance of Don Juan . From the stage, hard work of Molière in so many theatrical capacities began to take its toll on his health and forced him to take a break before 1667.

From pulmonary tuberculosis, Molière suffered. In 1673 during his final production of le Malade imaginaire (The Imaginary Invalid), a coughing fit and a haemorrhage seized him as Argan, the hypochondriac. He finished the performance but collapsed again quickly and died a few hours later. In time in Paris, Molière completely reformed.