My game plan for revisiting Shakespeare was to stream video of a staging of the play, listening and watching, while reading along to as much of the original text as was incorporated by the staging. Later, I read the entire play in the modern English version.
The staging I found for Macbeth was the 1971 film adaptation directed by Roman Polanski, adapted by Polanski & Kenneth Tynan and shot by Gilbert Taylor, the legendary director of photography on Dr. Strangelove, Repulsion and Star Wars. Starring Jon Finch as Macbeth and Francesca Annis as Lady Macbeth, the production is handsomely mounted, enthralling and spooky, no surprise since this was Polanski's follow-up to Rosemary's Baby.
Historians believe Shakespeare wrote Macbeth in 1606 for the King of Denmark on a visit to his brother-in-law King James I in London. Shakespeare may have drawn inspiration from Ralph Holinshed's Chronicles of England, Scotland and Ireland, which the Bard consulted often in his research. Macbeth ruled Scotland from 1040-1057 A.D. and per Holinshed, conspired with his wife, his aide Banquo and several others to murder Duncan, a rival chief with whom Macbeth held a grievance. Macbeth may have also consulted with "three women in evil apparel" who spun certain prophecies. Macbeth engaged in a series of murders to protect his rule and was eventually revenged by Duncan's son, Malcolm.
A reigning superstition in the theater is that Macbeth is so unlucky that to even utter the title or quote from it on stage will invite disaster. Among theater groups, referring to it as "The Scottish Play", "The Scottish Business" or simply "that play" are preferable to tempting fate by saying the name Macbeth. Constantine Stanislavski, Orson Welles and Charlton Heston all suffered some woe after a performance. Abraham Lincoln apparently read the play the night before his assassination. The bad luck is said to originate from the Witches Song in Act IV, Scene 1, which if the rumors are to be believed, has the power to literally raise hell. Or, the fact that the play is performed in dim lightning with heavy swordplay and stuntwork might account for the freak accidents associated with it.
The play lives up to its sinister reputation. It's one of the darkest and most potent dramas I've read.
Macbeth opens with three witches, the Weird Sisters, commiserating on a Scottish heath as a storm brews. King Duncan arrives on a battlefield with his sons Malcolm and Donalbain to be notified that a rebellion backed by the King of Norway has been repulsed by Macbeth, thane of Glamis. Macbeth and his fellow nobleman Banquo are stopped by the three witches after their great victory and issued a pair of prophecies: that Macbeth will assume the title of Thane of Cawdor and eventually, King of Scoland. A messenger then notifies Macbeth that due to his capture of the traitorous Thane of Cawdor, Duncan has bestowed upon him the villain's title.
In spite of his battlefield honors and favor of the king, Macbeth is none too pleased when Duncan announces that his son Malcolm will inherit the throne. Macbeth returns to his castle at Inverness, sharing with his wife Lady Macbeth that three witches have predicted his rise to power. The little missus doubts that her husband has the mettle to take what is his. When the king arrives to spend the night, Lady Macbeth hatches a plot to disable the king's bodyguards with drink, allowing her husband to slip into the king's room to murder him, laying the blame on the king's men.
Uncertain of his ability to commit regicide, Macbeth is pushed by his wife and manages to carry out the crime. He catches a break when the king's sons flee Scotland for their own protection, sewing suspicion that they may have killed their father. Macbeth is crowned king, but his celebration is short lived. Fearing that Banquo and his boy Fleance will ferret out Macbeth's guilt, he hires murderers to ambush father and son. Banquo is vanquished protecting his son, but during a banquet, Macbeth sees the ghost of his old friend at the table and makes a spectacle of himself, much to Lady Macbeth's displeasure.
Another nobleman, Macduff, distances himself from Macbeth, fleeing to England rather than risk attack. The king responds by sending murderers to slaughter Macduff's wife, children and servants. As forces gather against Macbeth, he pays another visit to the witches. They conjure three apparitions, which tell Macbeth to beware Macduff, that no one born of woman will harm Macbeth and that no harm will come to him until the forest of Birnam Wood advances on his castle. In spite of these predictions, Macbeth and his wife discover it's lonely at the top, and that fate works in mysterious ways.
Macbeth is a gangster movie. Unwilling to pay their dues, the thane of Glamis and his wife resort to violence to rise to the top in a fashion that Tony Montana would approve of. And in gangster movie style, the couple's unchecked ambition gets them exactly what's coming to them. The play is drenched in highland atmosphere, with witches, superstitions, skullduggery, hallucinations and duels. It's eerie, bloody and contains some of most powerful dialogue to be found in Shakespeare. Act V, Scene 5 is particularly memorable, with Macbeth realizing a little too late that "All our yesterdays have lighted fools the way to dusty death".
The dilemma faced by Macbeth and his wife -- whether to play the game or grab what's coming to them by any means necessary -- is more relevant to the human condition today than it was in 1040 A.D. The appearance of the witches and their cryptic predictions lend the play a dark and unsettling mood, as if Macbeth's plot had been seen from a hundred miles away and is going to end badly in spite of what his conscience is telling him. It's a quickly paced play with terrific inner monologue by Macbeth and Lady Macbeth as they debate their course of action and thrills as their plot meets its ends. The characters may not be the most complicated in Shakespeare, but they may be the most cursed.