බේල්කින්ගේ කතා

by Alexander Pushkin, දැදිගම වී. රුද්රිගු (Translator)

A Vintage Shorts “Short Story Month” Selection
 
A young noblewoman elopes with the wrong man in a blizzard. An army officer waits years to exact revenge on a count for a dormitory insult. Following a disparaging toast, an undertaker vows to invite only his deceased customers to a party. A poor station-master’s daughter is swept away by a handsome captain to Saint Petersburg. And, a landowner’s daughter pretends to be a peasant to win the affection of handsome Alexei.
 
From the award-winning translators Richard Pevear and Larissa Volokhonsky, a dazzling new translation of Alexander Pushkin’s first prose works. These five short masterpieces from the Romantic era have been beloved for their light humor, biting cultural satire, and profound depth in Russia and abroad for almost two centuries. Soon to be collected in the forthcoming, Novels, Tales, Journeys, “The Tales of the Late Ivan Petrovich Belkin” by the father of Russian literature, evoke the extraordinary register of life in nineteenth century Russia.
 
An ebook short.

Genres: Classics, Russia, Russian Literature, Short Stories, Fiction, 19th Century, Literature

119 pages, Paperback

First published October 1, 1831

About the author

Works of Russian writer Aleksandr Sergeyevich Pushkin include the verse novel Eugene Onegin (1831), the play Boris Godunov (1831), and many narrative and lyrical poems and short stories.

See also:
Russian: Александр Сергеевич Пушкин
French: Alexandre Pouchkine
Norwegian: Aleksander Pusjkin
Spanish:Aleksandr Pushkin

People consider this author the greatest poet and the founder of modern literature. Pushkin pioneered the use of vernacular speech in his poems, creating a style of storytelling—mixing drama, romance, and satire—associated ever with greatly influential later literature.

Pushkin published his first poem at the age of 15 years in 1814, and the literary establishment widely recognized him before the time of his graduation from the imperial lyceum in Tsarskoe Selo. Social reform gradually committed Pushkin, who emerged as a spokesman for literary radicals and in the early 1820s clashed with the government, which sent him into exile in southern Russia. Under the strict surveillance of government censors and unable to travel or publish at will, he wrote his most famous drama but ably published it not until years later. People published his verse serially from 1825 to 1832.

Pushkin and his wife Natalya Goncharova, whom he married in 1831, later became regulars of court society. In 1837, while falling into ever greater debt amidst rumors that his wife started conducting a scandalous affair, Pushkin challenged her alleged lover, Georges d'Anthès, to a duel. Pushkin was mortally wounded and died two days later.

Because of his liberal political views and influence on generations of Russian rebels, Pushkin was portrayed by Bolsheviks as an opponent to bourgeois literature and culture and a predecessor of Soviet literature and poetry. Tsarskoe Selo was renamed after him.

Reviews

[Vit Babenco · Rating 5 out of 5]

“Of deeds performed in ages past, Things wrought in legendary days.” Ruslan and Ludmila
Five wonderful tales that have taken place in days of yore.
The Shot is the history of one mysterious duel… And the story of a mysterious duelist…

No one knew his fortune, or his income, and no one dared to ask him about it. He had some books, mostly military, but also novels. He willingly lent them out, and never asked for them back; then, too, he never returned a borrowed book to its owner. His main exercise consisted in shooting pistols. The walls of his room were all riddled with bullet holes like a honeycomb. A fine collection of pistols was the only luxury in the poor clay-and-wattle hovel he lived in.

The Blizzard… A classical pernicious theme of the wild winter… Forbidden love… A tale of a dangerous abduction… And a trick of the capricious fate…

Outside there was a blizzard; the wind howled, the shutters shook and rattled; everything seemed to her a threat and an omen of sorrow. Soon the whole house became quiet and fell asleep. Masha wrapped herself in a shawl, put on a warm coat, picked up her box, and went out to the back porch.

The Coffin-Maker is a Gothic tale… A horror story on the witty side…

The enlightened reader knows that Shakespeare and Walter Scott both presented their gravediggers as merry and jocular people, in order to strike our imaginations the more forcefully by this contrast. Out of respect for the truth we cannot follow their example and are forced to admit that our coffin-maker’s disposition suited his gloomy profession perfectly.

The Stationmaster is a sorrowful recollection of an old man about his beautiful daughter…

Dunya! What a girl she was! It used to be, whoever passed through, they all praised her, nobody said a bad word about her. Ladies gave her presents, one a little shawl, another a pair of earrings. Gentleman travelers stayed longer on purpose, supposedly to have dinner or supper, but really only so as to go on looking at her

The Young Lady Peasant is a love story… A literary variation on a fairy tale The Frog Princess… A story of masquerade and disguise… A young lady wishes to see a new young nobleman… But she is afraid of the consequences…

“He might think I was chasing after him. Besides, our fathers have quarreled, so it will be impossible for me to get acquainted with him… Ah, Nastya! You know what? I’ll dress up like a peasant girl!”

Years pass by but stories told ages ago remain with us.

[°•.Melina°•. · Rating 4 out of 5]

چهارونیم/ عاالی. اولین کتابم از پوشکین بود و عاشق لحنش شدم. داستان‌کوتاه‌های هوشمندانه و دلچسب با تمِ موردعلاقم(روستا و عشق‌های ممنوعه) که یه روزه منو غرق خودش کرد و دهنمو شیرین کرد. نمیدونم دیگه چی بگم، خودتون بخونیدش✨️به کسایی که تاحالا مجموعه داستان نخوندن خیلی پیشنهاد میکنم از این کتاب شروع کنن🏔

[Saman · Rating 3 out of 5]

پنج داستان کوتاه از پوشکین که داستان‌هایی ساده و خواندنی و عمیق و دلنشین بودند. طنز زیرپوستی اثر و همچنین مفاهیمی که در پی این داستان های کوتاه آمده بود خیلی خوب و جذاب بود.انتهای کتاب هم یه نقد کوتاه نوشته شده که باعث میشه به این داستان‌ها نگاه عمیق‌تری داشته باشیم. ترجمه آقای شهاب بسیار خوب و روان بود.

[Amirhosein · Rating 4 out of 5]

خجسته زمانی که شاعری را ملاقات می‌کنیم.
شاعر برادر درویش است.
(از صحبت‌‌های یک پاشای زندانی تُرک هنگام اشغال ارزروم خطاب به پوشکین به نقل از خاطرات آندری تارکوفسکی)

هیچ زمستونی بدون ادبیات روسیه بهار نمیشه دوستان! یکی از عناوین انتخابی‌ام در این فصل داستان‌های کوتاه بلکین بود. داستان‌های بلکین اثر الکساندر پوشکین شاعر مکتب رمانتیسیسم روس، از یک جهت اهمیت چشم‌گیری بین داستان‌های هم‌عصر خودش در روسیه داره و اون اینه که پوشکین این‌بار عناصر رمانتیک اشعارش رو کنار گذاشته و به ساده‌گویی رو آورده. پوشکینِ این داستان‌ها تفاوت زیادی با پوشکین رمانتیک داره. در اینجا از ترس‌ و رنج‌ و عشقی که بین مردم ساده و عادی شهر و روستا وجود داره حرف می‌زنه. توی این داستان‌ها خبری از عناصر غنایی نیست. اون‌چه که در این داستان‌ها موردتوجهه نگرانی‌ها، دغدغه‌ها، سختی‌ها، امید‌ها و ناامیدی‌ها و اتفاقاتیه که بین مردم ساده‌ی کوچه و بازار می‌گذره. محیط، محیطِ دشت‌های بزرگ با آب‌وهوای سرد روستاییه. چاشنی طنز ناچیزی که در اون وجود داره اون رو از دیگر آثار پوشکین متمایز و برای مخاطب عادی سرگرم‌کننده و دلنشین کرده. در مورد داشتن دید عینی‌تر و ساده‌ پوشکین به مسائل و نوآوری و خلاقیتش در اون زمان چه بسا اگر بگیم که پوشکین آغازکننده‌ی رئالیسم بزرگ ادبیات روسیه است بی‌راه نگفته باشیم. به‌طوری که هم گوگول و تالستوی لب به ستایشش باز کرده‌‌ن و هم دیگر بزرگان ادبیات روسیه.

کتاب شامل ۵ داستان کوتاهه: شلیک، بوران، تابوت‌ساز، متصدی چاپارخانه و دوشیزه‌خانم روستایی.
همه‌ی داستان‌ها بی‌پیرایه و دوست‌داشتنی بودن. ولی داستان‌های‌ شلیک، تابوت‌ساز و متصدی چاپارخانه برام به مراتب دلچسب‌تر بودن.

[Alireza · Rating 4 out of 5]

پوشکین واقعا ساده و قشنگ می‌نویسه. در عین حال که صاحب سبک هستش و موضوعات جالبی رو مطرح میکنه که بعدا به نویسندگان بزرگی ایده داده، از اون شلوغی افراد و اسامی گیج‌کننده روسی هم توی نوشته‌هاش خبری نیست و خب برای کسانی که میخوان تازه ادبیات روس رو شروع کنن گزینه خیلی مناسبی هستش. بعد از خوندن نوشته‌های پوشکین، داستان‌های زیادی برام تداعی میشن که میشه گفت قطعا ازش الهام گرفتن.
داستان‌های بلکین اولین کتاب پوشکین بوده که با اسم بلکین منتشر میکنه. داستان‌ها کوتاه، سرراست و قشنگ هستند. یه طنز ریز همیشگی هم چاشنی کار هست که داستان‌ها رو خوشمزه میکنه. داستان‌های پوشکین بینش و نگاه خوبی از زندگی اشراف، مردم عادی، رسم و رسوم‌ها و شرایط جامعه در حوالی سال‌های ۱۸۰۰ به خواننده میده.
در هر صورت اگر علاقه‌مند به مطالعه حرفه‌ای ادبیات روس هستید، خوندن این کتاب رو که طبق تعاریفی جزو نسل اول ادبیات مدرن روسیه به حساب میاد بهتون پیشنهاد میکنم.

[Jan-Maat]

Yes, strictly speaking the title of this book is generally Tales of Belkin in English, but uniquely and unnecessarily, in this 1947 translation it hass been rendered as "Bielkin" instead.

These stories are all short, of slight appearance and witty. We, the readers, get to be deliberately misled and fooled about with as well as generally pushed to change our understanding as Pushkin twists out these tales for us.

I read these stories first long ago and far away as a student, bold and undaunted by the library steps or even the wayward habits of the stressed photocopiers. Pushkin is a foundational writer for Russian literature but that doesn't really come through in translation (into English in any case). For example Tolstoy was inspired reading one sentence of the Queen of Spades - kareti priexali (pray forgive the probably incorrect transliteration). That translates as the carriages were still arriving or the carriages continued to arrive or the carriages were still drawing up outside the palace depending on how much context and flavour you wanted to add. That two word sentence illustrates the problem. Some linguistic qualities are untranslatable, what made Pushkin's writing exciting and inspirational doesn't always clear the linguistic border.

Pushkin also had the advantage of being early and writing widely across a range of genres. The stories here assume the reader is familiar with the Byronic hero, the Gothic, romances, and sentimental novels - if you are alive today and read you are familiar with all of these, even if not by name. Typically Pushkin's attitude to these is playful. Is the Byronic figure a hero or a psychopath or are the two indistinguishable? The young nobleman who presents himself in the style of Evgeny Onegin to the young noble women of his district, pale faced and melancholic is to be found in true She stoops to conquer style romping around with the servant women out the back.

The Tales of Belkin then turn upon the issue of perspective. Each story was allegedly told to 'Belkin' by one of four storytellers and within each story there might be a further narrator or two embedded and why not? The more the merrier. Furthermore these stories are presented to us by an editor who clearly isn't meant to be confused with Pushkin himself (although for the sake of clarity he was the author). In other words we have nested sets, like Matryoshkas, of unreliable narrators while Pushkin not only washes his hands of all of them but has had the basin scrubbed and disinfected while denying that he had ever owned such a thing.

[Paula Mota · Rating 4 out of 5]

#abrilcontosmil

Por trás do artifício de Aleksandr Púchkin ser o editor das “Novelas do Defunto Ivan Petróvitch Bélkin”, com direito a uma brilhante nota introdutória carregada de humor, onde se diz que o escritor tinha “falta de imaginação” e que morreu “apesar dos esforços do nosso médico distrital, homem muito competente, em especial no tratamento de doenças crónicas como calosidades”, estão no fundo cinco contos que são puro entretenimento.
Quando leio contos, a menos que estejam interligados, o que pretendo é diversidade, seja de tema, seja de tom, e esse é o grande trunfo desta obra.
Se “O Disparo”, com os seus duelos, faz lembrar o destino do próprio Púchkin...

Finalmente, uma vez, num baile em casa de um grande latifundiário polaco, ao vê-lo objecto das atenções de todas as damas, e em especial a anfitriã, que tinha uma ligação comigo, disse-lhe ao ouvido algumas palavras da mais vulgar grosseria. Ele ruborizou-se e deu-me uma bofetada. Deitámos as mãos aos sabres, as damas começaram a desfalecer.

...já “A Nevasca” trata de um amor proibido...

Maria Gavrílovna tinha sido educada na leitura dos romances franceses e, por consequência, estava apaixonada.

...e “O Cangalheiro” entra no campo do horror.

Será o cangalheiro irmão do carrasco? De que se riem aqueles infiéis? O cangalheiro é algum palhaço? Tencionava convidá-los para festejar a nova casa, oferecer-lhes uma grande comezaina: mas tal não acontecerá! Convido antes aqueles para quem trabalho: os mortos ortodoxos.

“O Chefe da Estação” e “A Fidalga Camponesa” são protagonizados por jovens muito belas, mas enquanto o primeiro conto é dramático, o segundo é uma autêntica comédia de enganos.

A porta abriu-se, ele voltou a cabeça com tanta indiferença, com tão altiva desatenção que o coração da mais inveterada coquete teria forçosamente estremecido. Infelizmente, em vez de Liza entrou a velha Miss Jackson, pintada de branco, espartilhada, de olhos baixos e fazendo uma pequena reverência, e o belo movimento estratégico de Aleksei perdeu-se no vazio.

Sendo uma obra do século XIX, mas numa fase em que Púchkin procurava o realismo em detrimento do romantismo, ainda se encontram muitos vestígios do imaginário dessa época - os duelos, os amores contrariados, os sedutores e as seduzidas, as donzelas desfalecidas - mas numa proporção e combinação que nunca maçam e que impelem a leitura até a um final geralmente muito compensador.

O Disparo – 4,5*
A Nevasca - 3,5*
O Cangalheiro – 4*
O Chefe da Estação – 4,5*
A Fidalga Camponesa – 4,5*

[NOOR's reviews · Rating 3 out of 5]

نمی توانی تصور کنی چه صفایی دارد از دست نامزدت فرار کنی و بنشینی شعر بنویسی...




بله دوستان ! این حرف رو پوشکین در نامه ای به دوستش نوشته !
بگذریم ....

کتاب داستان های بلکین نوشته ی الکساندر پوشکین است . این کتاب از پنج داستان کوتاه تشکیل شده . داستان های شلیک ، بوران ، تابوت ساز ، متصدی چاپارخانه و دوشیزه خانم روستایی . من بوران و تابوت ساز رو بیشتر دوست داشتم .
داستان ها از زبان یک راوی خیالی به نام ایوان پتروویچ بلکین بیان میشن .
درباره ی داستان ها نظر خاصی ندارم اما در داستان بوران ، مطلبی به چشمم خورد که در ادامه درباره ش صحبت می کنم .
در داستان دوم ، شاهد دختر نجیب زاده ای به نام ماریا گاوریلونا هستیم که دچار عشقی بی سرانجام می شود . او پس از نرسیدن به عشق خود ، زمان زیادی را صرف اندوه و وفاداری می کند .
<< با بی صبری منتظر قهرمانی بودند که سرانجام بر این وفاداری حزن آلود دوشیزه آرتمیس چیره شود  . >>
همسایه ها ماریا را به خاطر وفاداری نسبت به عشق اولش به دوشیزه آرتمیس تشابه می دهند .
در اینجا قصد دارم تا یه صحبت مفصل راجع به دوشیزه آرتمیس ، همسرش و خاندان آن ها بدهم .
منبعی که استفاده کردم کتاب ( the seven wonders of the ancient world ) نوشته ی Bettany Hughes هست و همچنین از ویکی پدیا هم کمک گرفتم . خیلی تحقیق کردم و
در ادامه سعی می کنم خلاصه ای از آنچه که فهمیدم رو براتون بنویسم .

آرامگاه هالیکارناسوس یا مقبره ی ماسولوس یکی از عجایب هفتگانه ی جهان می باشد . این آرامگاه به دستور همسر _ خواهر ماسولوس ، آرتمیسیا دوم ساخته شد . آرتمیسیا که در غم فقدان همسر_ برادر خود ( ماسولوس ) به سر می برد دستور داد تا این آرامگاه را به یاد او بنا کنند .
هکاتامنوس سه پسر و دو دختر به نام های ماسولوس ، ایدریئوس ، پیکسوداروس ، آرتمیسیا و آدا داشت .
در یونان باستان چنین رسم بود که براداران و خواهران به عقد یک دیگر در می آمدند و ماسولوس نیز با خواهر خود، آرتمیسیا ازدواج کرده بود. همچنین ایدریئوس و آدا نیز با هم ازدواج کردند . 
یه نکته ی جالب درباره ی کلمه ی Mausoleum (  معنی : آرامگاه ) این هست که از نام ماسولوس گرفته شده است .
پوسانیاس ، نویسنده و جغرافیدان یونانی می گوید مردم آن زمان مقبره هالیکارناسوس را یکی از عجایب جهان می دانستند و به همین دلیل بود که بعد از آن تمامی مقبره های باشکوه خود را به نام ماسولوس نامگذاری می کردند. 
معماری این آرامگاه چنان تاثیرگذار است که امروزه نیز بر معماری نوین اثر گذاشته و ساختمان هایی با الهام از آن بنا شده اند .
مانند : ( House of the temple ) در واشنگتن دی سی آمریکا ، ( general Grant national memorial ) یا مقبره ی گرانت در نیویورک و همچنین ( shrine of rememberenc : مقبره یادبود ) در ملبورن ، استرالیا

خاندان هکاتیمنی از قوم کاریانی ها بودند که به دست هکاتامنوس بنیان شده بود .
در ادامه در رابطه با این قوم توضیحاتی خواهم داد .

کاریانی ها در ابتدا تحت سلطه ی پادشاهی لیدیه بودند . پایتخت سنتی پادشاهی لیدیه شهر سارد بود .
اولین جنگ اصلی در لیدیه جنگ آلیاتس دوم با دولت ماد که هوخشتره پادشاه آن بود رخ داد . این جنگ پنج سال طول کشید ولی به دلیل برابری نظامی هیچ اتفاقی نمی افتاد . اما یک روز ، یک خورشیدگرفتگی در میدان جنگ رخ داد که به مدت پنج دقیقه روز به شب تبدیل شد . هر دو دولت فکر میکردند که خدایان آنها عصبانی شده اند و کاری کرده اند که دیگر روز نمی شود ، پس برای راضی کردن خدایانشان دست به صلح زدند و تا صلح کردند خورشید گرفتگی تمام شد و برای محکم کاری دختر آلیات ( شاه لیدیه)با پسر هوخشتره ازدواج کرد .
دیگر جنگ مهمی رخ نداد تا جنگ با پارس ها.
کوروش بزرگ بعد از فروپاشی دولت ماد ها، دیگر میتوانست به لیدیه حمله کند و مانعی مانند ازدواج دو کشور یا ...، وجود نداشت . کوروش بزرگ به لیدیه حمله برد و سارد را در سال ۵۴۶ پ.م. به قلمروی ایران افزود. با فتح شهر سارد، عمر پادشاهی بزرگ لیدی به پایان رسید.

* لازم به ذکر است که کرزوس یکی از فرزندان آلیاتس بود که به ثروتش در تاریخ معروف است .
پادشاهی لیدیه به دلیل اختراع نخستین سکه های طلا و نقره معروف است .
کروزید که به آن در باستان کروزیدی هم گفته می‌شود، نوعی سکه، از جنس طلا یا نقره بود که از حدود سال ۵۵۰ پیش از میلاد توسط پادشاه لیدیه کرزوس در سارد ضرب می‌شد. پس از فتح سارد توسط کوروش کبیر ، سکه های کروزی رواج یافت.

خب رسیدیم به اینکه کوروش بزرگ ، با شکست کرزوس ، پادشاهی لیدیه رو برکنار کرد .
کاریانی ها در ابتدا مستقل بودند ولی در زمان داریوش یکم ( داماد کوروش کبیر ) به هخامنشیان پیوستند .
کاریانی ها در زمان هخامنشیان این اجازه را داشتند تا یکی از خاندان های محلی را همچون هکاتامنوس به فرمانروایی منطقه ی کاریانی ها منصوب کنند .
پس از مرگ هکاتامنوس ، ماسولوس جانشین او شد و پایتخت خود را از میلاس ، مقر قدیمی پادشاهان کاریانی ، به هالیکارناسوس  منتقل کرد .
* The Karians
were descendants of the sea-faring Phoenicians, a Bronze Age people
originally based in the Levant, who operated almost like an Amazon
delivery service for the ancient world.
اینجا به این اشاره شده که کاریانی ها از نسل فنیقی ها بودن و به همین دلیل در دریانوردی مهارت داشتن
* خود فنیقی ها هم خیلی تاریخچه ی جذابی دارن که یه خلاصه ای ازشون میگم .
 فنیقی ها به گمان بسیار قوی، نخستین کسانی بودند که افتخار ساختن الفبای حقیقی را دارند .
خط فنیقی ، را مادر خط‌های کنونی (به‌جز خط‌های شرق آسیا ) می‌دانند و از اینرو اختراع خط را به فنیقی ها نسبت می‌دهند .
* همچنین شهر کارتاژ ( تونس کنونی ) به دست فنیقی ها ساخته شده بود . تمدن کارتاژ در سده‌های دوم و دوم پیش از میلاد مسیح همدوره و هماورد جمهوری روم و در کشاکش با این دولت بر سر تسلط بر مدیترانه غربی بود. این هماوردی به سه دوره جنگ میان کارتاژ و روم انجامید که به جنگ های کارتاژی یا پونیک نامیده می‌شود. در همه این جنگ‌ها کارتاژ شکست خورد و از نیرویش کاسته شد و باج‌های هنگفتی که برای کنارگذاشتن جنگ به روم پرداخت اقتصاد آنان را به سراشیب کشاند. سومین جنگ کارتاژی به ویرانی شهر کارتاژ انجامید و رومیان بازمانده سرزمین‌های کارتاژ را به خاک خود ضمیمه کردند.
* کشف رنگ ارغوانی و اختراع شیشه از ابتکارات این قوم است .
تابعیت فنیقی‌ها از دولت شاهنشاهی هخامنشی دو فایده برای این شاهنشاهی داشت: یکی اینکه کشتی‌های آن‌ها در اختیار ایران درآمد، و از طرفی فنیقی‌ها تا پایان این امپراتوری بدان وفادار ماندند. کمبوجیه دوم ، فرزند کوروش، از کشتی‌های فنیقی جهت حمله‌بر مصر و یونان استفاده کرد .
Herodotus is shocked that another
Persian emperor, Cambyses, mocks the religion of the Egyptians, reasoning,
‘Everyone believes his own customs to be far and away the best…only a
madman would think to jeer at such matters .
متن بالا هم نظر هرودوت در رابطه با کمبوجیه هست که به تمسخر باورها و عقاید مصری ها می پردازه . که دلایلی هم برای اثبات این حرف وجود داره . مثلا کشتن گاو آپیس که مصری ها اون رو عبادت می کردن . که البته پژوهشگران به تازگی با تحقیقات جدیدی که انجام دادن این حرف های هرودوت نسبت به کمبوجیه رو نقض می کنن .
اینطور که تو کتاب خوندم ، کاریانی ها در معماری ایرانی هم اثرگذار بودن
The palace of Darius I in Susa, modern-day Iran, was built by Karian stonemasons – who left
graffiti as a kind of Karian tag .
سنگ تراشان کاریانی در ساختن کاخ آپادانای شوش که به دستور داریوش بزرگ بنا نهاده شد نقش داشتند . ( این رو از نشانه هایی که روی کاخ گذاشته بودن متوجه شدن )

* یه نکته ی دیگه درباره ی کاریانی ها اهمیت اون ها و ارزش دادنشون به زن هست و به عنوان مثال : آرتمیسیا اول و آرتمیسیا دوم رو داریم .
آرتمیسیا یکم : فرماندهٔ بخشی از نیروی دریایی شاهنشاهی هخامنشی  در دومین تهاجم ایرانیان به یونان در زمان لشکرکشی خشایارشا شاهنشاه پارسی هخامنشی بود. وی اولین دریاسالار زن جهان است که در سپاه ایران بود .
آرتمیسیا دوم : فرمانده و خواهر و جانشین ماسولوس ، حاکم کاریا بود. پس از مرگ برادرش/شوهرش، آرتمیسیا برای دو سال از ۳۵۳ تا ۳۵۱ قبل از میلاد سلطنت کرد. جانشینی وی باعث اعتراض در برخی از جزیره و شهرهای ساحلی تحت فرماندهی به دلیل اعتراض آنها به یک حاکم زن شد .
همچنین دستور ساخت آرامگاه هالیکارناسوس نمادی از قدرت آرتمیسیا دوم است .
And here’s a thought. A curious story was told of Artemisia by Aulus
Gellius, a Roman author .
Aulus Gellius reports that the queen was so bereaved, she drank a daily
potion made out of Mausolos’s bones and from the ash of his funeral pyre,
and eventually pined to death .

* اینجا یه مطلب عجیبی از آرتیمیسیا دوم نقل شده که برخی اون رو افسانه ای می دونن .
آرتمیسیا به دلیل غم و اندوه فوق‌العاده خود در مرگ برادرش_همسرش ماسولوس در تاریخ مشهور است . گفته می‌شود که او خاکسترش را در نوشیدنی روزانه اش مخلوط می‌کرد .

حالا بریم که به زندگی ایدریئوس و آدا بپردازیم .
بعد از مرگ آرتیمیسیا ، ایدریئوس جانشین او شد .
درباره ی ایدریئوس اطلاعاتی ندارم پس می ریم سراغ آدا که خواهر_همسر او بود .
پس از مرگ ایدریئوس ، آدا بر تخت پادشاهی می‌شینه اما طولی نمی کشه که پیکسوداروس( برادر کوچک تر ) او را از شهر بیرون می کند و به تبعید می فرستد .
آدا به حکمرانی در منطقه آلیندا در کوه های لاتموس پرداخت .
اما دیری نگذشت که آدا انتقام خود را گرفت .
در سال ۳۳۵ پیش از میلاد پس از مرگ پیکسوداروس ، دامادش اورونتوباتس جانشین او شد . اما حکومت او چندان پابرجا نماند .
در سال ۳۳۴ پیش از میلاد ، اسکندر به کاریا حمله کرد . در آن زمان ، آدا بر دژ آلیندا مالکیت داشت .
آدا بدون هیچگونه مقاومتی دژ را تسلیم اسکندر کرد. به پاس این خوش‌خدمتی، اسکندر او را فرمانده محاصره‌ی هالیکارناسوس کرد و پس از تسخیر هالیکارناسوس ، فرمانروایی بر کاریا را به آدا سپرد. آدا نیز رسماً اسکندر را به فرزندخواندگی پذیرفت تا بدین ترتیب حکومت کاریا پس از مرگش بدون هیچگونه قید و شرطی به خود اسکندر برسد .
در نهایت هم که اسکندر منجر به سقوط امپراتوری هخامنشی شد .

آخيش! اینم خلاصه ای از خانواده ی آرتیمیسیا که خیلی دلم می خواست هم خودم درباره ش بخونم هم با شما این مطالب رو به اشتراک بذارم .
امیدوارم مطالب براتون مفید واقع بشه ♡♡♡

[Fernando · Rating 4 out of 5]

Qué sencillez y maestría la de Pushkin para contarnos cuentos tan agradables...

El disparo

Este cuento de Pushkin es un típico ejemplo de narración en la que el autor mezcla elementos reales en la ficción, especialmente los autobiográficos. El cuento trata acerca del honor a partir de un duelo, tema tan afín a él. Sucede lo mismo en su afamado Eugenio Onieguin y también en su propia vida. Fue a partir de un duelo que falleció el poeta. Y también fue una cuestión de honor.

La nevasca

El cuento más hermoso de esta serie de relatos. Un enamorado galán hace lo imposible por casarse con la mujer que ama a escondidas de los padres de ella, pero una tremenda nevasca se lo impide. Más allá de esto, la heroína del cuento llegará a triunfar en el amor. Maravilloso.

El fabricante de ataúdes

Un excelente cuento fantástico de Pushkin en donde lo sobrenatural toma escena y tiñe el cuento con su mejor efecto. Está relatado para que la historia tenga un final feliz sin dejar de "asustar un poquito" al personaje principal y por qué no, también al lector.

El maestro de postas

Una historia maravillosa acerca del amor de un padre por su hermosa hija a la que nunca olvida en la vida y un claro ejemplo de amor filial, que es eterno y al que la muerte no logra disolver. Como padre de una hija, puedo asegurarlo.

La señorita campesina

Una chica se propone ganarse el corazón de un joven sin saber que los padres de ambos se odian y están enfrentados a muerte. Con un pequeño giro de la trama, Pushkin nos pone sobre el tapete una serie de enredos que tienen como eje principal, al amor.

[William2 · Rating 4 out of 5]

This collection is a set of stories within a story. The preface by "the editors" incorporates a letter from a friend of the eponymous Belkin, describing the dead writer's character, history and interests. The stories are themselves said to be tales once told to Belkin by various and sundry figures.

The first story, "The Shot," describes a duel between Sylvio and Count ***. The narrator, one of a regiment of hussars, meets Sylvio, who lodges in the same town in which the regiment bivouacs. One day Silvio is insulted at a gathering in his house, but he does not demand satisfaction. Why, asks the narrator? Is he a coward? It turns out that Sylvio has been saving himself for another unfinished duel. Sylvio tells our narrator how it started. But then Sylvio is gone, the conclusion to the story uncertain, until the former hussar moves to a remote village. There he bumps into Count *** himself, from whom he gets the rest of the tale. Sylvio, you see, had found the Count too uncaring about his personal safety during the initial duel, so he decided to wait until some more propitious time. As soon as Sylvio got word of the Count's marriage, he went to see him; he was still owed his shot, after all. Sylvio depends on finding the Count's former attitude toward his personal safety substantially changed now that he has a wife.

"The Blizzard" is about the doomed elopement of a the young Maria Gavrilovna and her unsuitable suitor, Vladimir Nikolayevitch. On the appointed night it snows. Maria and her maid take off for the church, but poor Vladimir, traveling in a sleigh drawn by a single horse, disastrously loses his way. He never finds the church in the blizzard. The conclusion seems a little dated in our day and age, but the reader does take away a certain satisfaction that the nubile Maria will not suffer.

"The Undertaker," is the story of a mortician who moves to a new district and is there invited by neighbors to a feast. He is insulted during the evening and this leads to some interesting alcohol-fueled encounters that border on the delusional.

"The Postmaster" I found to be the most affecting tale of the five. A traveler passing through a provincial village gets a glimpse of a postmaster's budding daughter. He is quite taken with her and she kisses him when showing him to his freshly horsed carriage. (The postmaster is a dealer in such post horses.) Later the narrator comes back through town again and is told the story of the girl's seduction and abduction by a rake. The postmaster is distraught. His neat little shop, and his personal hygiene, has simply gone to pieces. We know what happens to little girls who are seduced by rakes, and he goes to his early death fearing the worst. But the narrator has more story to relate.

The final story, "The Mistress Peasant," is the story of a young provincial woman who disguises herself as a peasant in order that she might arrange to run across the son of the neighboring landowner, about whom all her servants are talking. He's handsome, rich, etc. She is driven to this extremity by the fact that their fathers are not on speaking terms. She's a little devilish, but not improper. When the fathers reconcile, and a dinner is given that will be attended by the son, with whom she's already had clandestine but innocent encounters, she must resort to expedients that do not allow the young man to recognize her. It's all merry fun and innocent carprice.

I enjoyed The Tales of Belkin immensely and recommend it. You don't need a knowledge of Russian lit. The stories are themselves the perfect introduction. My thanks to the Hesperus Press for producing this wonderful (and handsome) little book.

[Marzi Motlagh · Rating 5 out of 5]

یه بار دیگه بهم ثابت شد هر نویسنده ی روس یک روانکاو با تجربه و کار بلده!

ادبیات روسیه خیلی فاخر و با شکوهه؛ هر کتابی که از نویسنده های روس خوندم جنگیدن واسه خوشبختی رو نشون میداد. روس ها به زندگی پشت نمیکنن و برعکسِ رفتار سردشون نمیتونن نسبت به زندگی بی تفاوت باشن. معتقدن برای رسیدن به خوشبختی باید جنگید حتی اگه رسیدن بهش محال باشه.

این چیزیه که منم قلبا باور دارم و شاید برای همینه که عشق اول و آخرم ادبیات روسیه ست🍃

پ.ن: ترجمه عالی بود👌

[Flo · Rating 4 out of 5]

I've said that the other Pushkin book was the last one of 2015 but then I found this one. December has just started... Can't wait. Should I just add it in silence and pretend it was there the whole time? No, no guilt. It's not like I made a promise or anything. And it is by the same author.
Ah, let's just read and act like nothing happened.

[Reyhan · Rating 4 out of 5]

اخرین کتاب ۱۴۰۳
دوستش داشتم داستان های جالب و رمانتیک طوری داشت

[Jovana Autumn · Rating 5 out of 5]

“Moral maxims are surprisingly useful on occasions when we can invent little else to justify our actions.”

➜As a whole, The Tales of Belkin can be seen as one novella composed out of 5 short stories told by various fictional characters. The tales are told to the likewise fictional Ivan Petrovich Belkin, who wrote them down on paper.
This type of narrative, where the author double distances himself, firstly by the fictional story collector(Belkin) and then by the people telling each story is one of the innovations made by the romantics in the 18th – 19th century; a common literary technique used was romantic irony which is when the author has a detached view upon his work and inputs his commentary throughout it, even engaging with the characters and story; another technique used brings into consideration the honesty of the stories – unreliable narration. So why all this distancing?

Mostly because folklore elements were making a reappearance in literature at the time(they were considered of less value in a couple of decades prior due to other literary movements such as classicism and enlightenment), the tales are undoubtedly Russian – they deal with the social and cultural norms of the time. Here are some of them: the concept of honor related to the duel like presented in the first story “The Shot”, the romantic courtship and limitations of such by social class as in “The Blizzard” and “The Squire's Daughter”, superstition and dreams “The Blizzard” (the motif of dreams serving as prophecies appears in Pushkin’s Eugenie Onegin as well, when Tatiana has a dream of a bear chasing her and leading her to a small cottage in the woods).

”The Shot”

➜A story that is in my mind ever since I read it last week, and will probably continue to live in my mind rent-free for the remainder of the year. The main theme of the story is the social concept of honor and how it shapes one's self-value and the importance of having personal views on values and aspects of life. The main character is the retired marksman, Silvio, one who is very respected by the soldiers of the Russian army. The story is told to Belkin by Colonel I.L.P. who was supposedly stationed at the military outpost near where the man lived. He was constantly practicing shooting and his house was full of bullet holes, yet at the first conflict presented in the story, he didn’t result in dueling his opponent – an act that makes the soldiers see him as a coward and fool. However, the plot gets more interesting once Silvio reveals the reason for his objection, and that is his revenge towards a man in his past.

The contrast between Silvio at the beginning of the story and the end gives us a portrait of one complex character. In the past, Silvio’s self-worth was high, everything he accomplished was a result of hard work and effort. The only situation that could shake him was when another man – a rich talented aristocrat with luck and with no care in the world came to his military outpost and the men redirected their worship in his direction. The two men eventually dueled and Silvio, being annoyed by the apparent lack of concern of his opponent and his ignorance of the seriousness of the situation(* his opponent, the Count, ate cherries at the battlefield, which is recorded that Pushkin himself had done that in his personal life during a duel) caused Silvio to leave the duel. Ever since he has been planning a way to execute his shoot at a time when the Count valued his life more, and the opportunity arose to him after he heard his opponent got engaged.

The story concludes with the narrator meeting the Count by accident and seeing a painting of Swiss Alpes with two bullet holes in his house that unravels how his encounter with Silvio went. Silvio took pity upon him, at the time of their duel due to his wife begging for his life, so he was satisfied in knowing that he would have killed him if he wished and left to rejoin the war where he lost his life.
What this story shows is certainly the hypocrisy of the soldiers(and society) and their concept of honor, Silvio showing that although it could be shaped by society, having and valuing your concept of honor is more truthful than serving out the collective’s perception of the same honor.

Personal rating: 5/5

“The Blizzard”

➜A tale told to Belkin by Miss K.I.T and is one of ironic love. It is a love story of a woman, Marya Gavrilovna, who at the start of the story is in love with lieutenant Vladimir and they plan a secret wedding( such a marriage wouldn’t be approved because of the differences in their social class).
This tale is presented in a few different points of view, the first cut being at the start of their meeting and at the start of the blizzard. The reader gets the impression that the two lovers never met because of the next scene narrated from Vladimir’s Point of view showing how he never managed to make it to the church because of the snowstorm/ blizzard, and Marya falls sick in her bed. When she recovers she learns that Vladimir was killed at the battle of Borodino, and soon the family moves to another estate where Marya has many suitors but rejects them all.
All besides the hussar named Burmin, which later in a twist is revealed that he was previously known to Marya, as they married in the church at the night of the blizzard by mistake, she believes him to be Vladimir and him being reckless, the story concludes in a happy ending. Pushkin uses the trope of secret identities yet another time in The Belkin stories, in the last story titled “The Squire’s daughter” which uncoincidentally is also told by Miss K.I.T.

Personal rating: 4,5/5

”The Undertaker”

➜If I am not mistaken, this one is the shortest story out of the five and is a depiction of a world that only seeks profit represented by the main character, Adrian Prokhorov; told by the shop employee B. V. who was uninvolved in the story. Adrian felt insulted that his neighbors, at a dinner party he was also invited to, took toasts and wished for him to have fewer customers(fewer people dying obviously, not meant to demean his job but a general toast people do at that kind of gathering) which resulted in him going home in a rage and saying he would rather welcome his deceased customers in his house than his neighbors.
Which indeed, happened in the next scene, where all of the men and women he buried walked around his house in a grotesque parade and pointed out all of his frauds and overcharges. Yet again, this is presented in a dream and upon waking Adrian is relieved and there is no hint of him changing his views.

Personal rating: 3/5

”The station master”

➜Told by Titular Counsellor A.G.N. the story concerns a station master’s relationship with his daughter, Dunya. Dunya later agrees to be kidnapped by the hussar Minsky who stayed at the station master’s house when he fell ill. The father attempts to reclaim her, but she refuses and lives out her life happily with Minsky, while her father dies because of his alcoholism and waiting for her marriage to fail so he could be In the right. Many aspects of this story, as the relationship that Dunya had with her father(although shown in brief sentences, the hint was that her father wanted to keep her by his side forever because she was useful to him), the nature of her marriage and how exactly did the station master end up as an alcoholic are left open.

Personal rating: 3/5

“The Squire’s daughter”

➜The last story, told by Miss K.I.T. who apparently, has a thing for secret identities and love stories revolving around them.

This one is a more literal one, where we have a Russian parody of Romeo and Juliet in the main characters of Lizaveta Muromsky and Alexei Berestov who’s fathers have bad blood.
Lizaveta makes up a plan of seducing Alexei disguising herself as a poor woman named Akulina and winning him over with her charm and intelligence. The irony manifests itself when their fathers reconcile and ask their children to marry, which Alexei opposes (as he loves Akulina; not knowing her true identity but knowing that the difference in their class is too big to gain his father’s approval) and plans of confessing his reasoning to Lizaveta and accidentally seeing her with no makeup and realizing that she is in fact, Akulina.
I, obviously, liked the story because I love resourceful and smart women.

Personal rating: 5/5

➜The Belkin tales hold a certain charm in their surface simplicity along with their ironic tone and they still do a good job of attracting casual readers.
At the same time, their inner structure and composition are a topic of debate among the academic world to this day(such as “The Shot”) and are certainly deserving to have an award named after them.
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Slowly coming to terms with the fact that I slept on Pushkin ever since high school. The more I read his work in my 20s the more I love his style. RTC.

[Ahmed Oraby · Rating 4 out of 5]

مجموعة قصصية رائعة لألكسندر بوشكين، هذا الروسي العتيق الذي ربما تعلم منه كل من أتى بعده آلية سرد القصة القصيرة وتفاصيلها، الكتاب يتكون من خمسة قصص تتراوح كل واحدة منها ما بين ال20 وال30 صفحة
تبدأ بقصة الطلقة وهي قصة تقليدية عن ذاك العرف السائد آنذاك في روسيا حول المبارزة، حيث كل من تعرض لك بكلمة فقد لطخ شرفك بشكل ما وتتحول المبارزة بالكلمات إلى حرب بالمسدسات - أو السيوف - لتنهي حياة واحد من إثنين - وهي نفس الطريقة التي مات بها المؤلف
القصة كانت جميلة للغاية وبارعة السرد، فبوشكين - وربما ليس وحده - بارع في كيفية إمساك خيط السرد من بدايته ويعرف متى يتاح له تركه ليمسك بخيط آخر ويعبث به - وبك لتجده يشابك كل خيوطه - وخطوطه الزمنية - ليؤلف لك قصة وكيان تعجب به وأنت مرغم
القصة الأخيرة - النبيلة - كانت ممتعة للغاية، وهي السبب الوحيد الذي جعلني أغير تقييمي للكتاب من ثلاث نجمات إلى أربع - رأيت أن خمس نجمات ربما تكون مبالغة رومانسية
القصة مضحكة وجميلة وهي أشبه بفيلم أبيض وأسود، وربما تحولت بالفعل لفيلم مصري قديم - بالقطع ليس أقدم من القصة - حبكة قديمة ساذجة ولكنها مضحكة وعاطفية للغاية
قصة ناظر المحطة كانت جميلة ومحزنة
القصة الثالثة كانت عن شخص يدفن موتاه - حفار قبور - يشرب الخمر ويدعو موتاه إلى حفل صاخب، قصة مضحكة وغرائبية وعجيبة نظرًا لتاريخ كتابتها
القصة الثانية لا بأس بها وإن كانت مملة شديدة الكآبة
مجموعة لطيفة للغاية وربما كانت تشكل حافزًا لقراءة أعمال بوشكين التي تركتها بعد قراءة دوبروفسكي منذ أعوام عدة
ترجمة عبد القادر القط تحفة فنية وربما فاقت أي ترجمة قرأتها - عدا ترجمات الدروبي بالتأكيد، وأحيانًا الملياني- فهي تتمتع بالرصانة والشكل والنمط الكلاسيكي الذي يجعلك تدرك جنسية الكاتب- كونه روسي - حتى لو لم تسمع به قبلًا، ترجمة الأسماء ربما جاءت مختلفة قليلًا وكذلك الأشياء- مثل السامافور بدلا من السماور - وهو إبريق الشاي
كتاب جميل

[Helia · Rating 2 out of 5]

اولین کتابی بود که از پوشکین خوندم
و با توجه به اسم نویسنده توقع یک اثر خیلی درخشان رو داشتم.
ولی خب با پنج داستان کوتاه خیلی سطحی رو به رو شدم.

[Ajeje Brazov · Rating 4 out of 5]

Son, da tempo, alla ricerca della grande letteratura russa. Per ora, però, ancora non l'ho trovata, ho provato Dostoevskij, Tolstoj e Gogol, ma mi è andata uno peggio dell'altro, almeno per i 3 libri che ho letto, un libro per ogni autore. Così approdo alla corte di Puskin, diciamo tra i padri della letteratura classica russa e nello specifico del Romanticismo russo, uno dei capisaldi. Appena inizio a leggere questa raccolta di 5 novelle, ne vengo colpito subito. Con uno stile molto influenzato dal Romanticismo francese, Puskin pennella quadri impressionisti sotto forma di novelle di rara intensità emotiva, ma anche pervase da una sottile foschia crepuscolare, tipica dei romanzi gotici, del mistero!

[Ana · Rating 2 out of 5]

The Shot - a duel is derailed when one participant notices the indifference his opponent has towards his inevitable demise (2 stars)

The Snowstorm - an aristocratic young woman falls in love with a young officer, but her parents disapprove of the relationship so they decide to elope, marry quickly, and then beg forgiveness (2 stars)

The Undertaker - an undertaker returns home after a party offended after someone jokingly offers a toast to the health of Prokhorov's customers; he decides to hold his house-warming party with his customers rather than his neighbors (2 stars)

The Stationmaster - a returning traveler is surprised to see the station master's change of fortune after this daughter's kidnapping (1 stars)

Lady-Maid - in order to meet the handsome new arrival, a young lady pretends to be a peasant girl (2 stars)

[Seyed Mohammad Reza Mahdavi · Rating 3 out of 5]

هر پنج داستان کوتاه این کتاب در کتاب بی بی پیک ترجمه آقای مجلسی هم وجود دارد . البته ترجمه آقای مجلسی یک مقدمه از آندره ژید و یک داستان کوتاه ( قصه بی بی پیک) بیشتر دارد

[Hasan Abbasi · Rating 3 out of 5]

داستان های بلکین ، مجموعه پنج داستان کوتاه از پوشکین است . این مجموعه داستان به گونه ای سر آغاز تحول دوره رمانتیسیسم به رئالیسم در ادبیات روسیه میباشد و بر نویسندگنی چون گوگول و تولستوی تاثیر گذارده است . پنج داستان شلیک ، بوران ، تابوت ساز ، متصدی چارپاخانه و دوشیزه خانم روستایی . داستان ها با نثری یکدست و ساده به واقعیات خشن و خاص زندگی روسی در قرن 19 اشاره میکنند . در پس این نثر ساده اغلب مفاهیم پیچیده ایست . از این نظر داستان ها از منظر فرم به رئالیسم و از منظر محتوا به رمانتیسیسم تعلق دارند و این همین ویژگی خاص این اثر است . پوشکین در ابتدای مجموعه اعلام میدارد که داستان ها متغلق به فردی معمولی به نام بلکین است و نویسنده داستان ها اوست و نه پوشکین که همین اشاره به وضعیت متناقض گفته شده در مجموعه دارد .

[Mehmet]

Kitaptaki öykülerin her biri güzel, ancak duello öyküsü gerek atmosferi gerekse de konusu açısından en iyisi bence.

[Josh · Rating 4 out of 5]

An inherent Yankee repugnance of self-promotion made me hold off on posting a review of this, for a little while at least, but last night I watched a native and very well-read Russian read four pages of the copy I gave him. My breath was bated and my heart literally in my throat as I waited for the inevitable grimace that I remember seeing on the faces of parents at my piano recitals, which were followed, when caught, by the immediate cover-up or worse, attempt to convince me that yes, everything's fine. Anyway, everyone cuts their teeth, knuckles, hands and hearts on Pushkin at some point in their lives, I have nothing to be ashamed about (I imagined him saying)...At that point in the evening I had eaten my weight in mushrooms and drunk more glasses of tea than I'm used to; I was trying - as anyone who's every watched someone read something they wrote - not to fall at this reader's feet and cry out please, PLEASE LOVE ME, while beating my breast and pulling my pigtails out, etc. etc. Seconds ticked by; minutes. My napkin found itself translated into a pyramid of tiny, anxiously-rolled pellets. Eventually I decided that said reader was in fact wearing one of those bad comedy glasses with fake eyes painted on the lenses and had been asleep for the last half hour - but then suddenly, who knows how, I heard a chuckle escape his mouth! I could barely believe it. "Nod bed," he said. "Ektually, is quite good." At which point I realized that I could die, right then and there, a happy man.

He was being kind, of course - for even with the most generous post-release beer goggles fully installed, it's impossible for me not to recognize that mine is, like all its fellows in English, an imperfect translation of Pushkin's incredible short story cycle. Given this, I can only pray that it captures a fragment of the original's humor, wit, and speed - all of which are remarkable, not only for the time and circumstances, but in the total body of Russian literature. To pull a LeVar Burton for a second, if you won't take my word for it, take Leo Tolstoy's: after reading them for the seventh time (he thought) he said that every writer should study the Tales closely. My own personal immersion (a painstaking, sentence by sentence one: translation is truly one of the strangest arts on earth) helped me see/feel how a story can be quick and deep at the same time, and how a work can simultaneously combine sincerity and parody. Pushkin never seems to be trying hard. Nontheless, the tales are fully realized: works of art so compact that the rest of Russian literary history could easily be read as a gigantic, complicated unpacking of their deep, deceptively plain-looking carpetbag.

Anyway, as always with these things, felicities are Pushkin's, mistakes are mine. I hope you (whoever you are) enjoy, or, if not, do what I did and channel your frustration into an attempt at learning Russian so you can read the original for yourself. It is definitely worth it.

[Mohammad · Rating 4 out of 5]

اولین اثری هستش که از پوشکین مطالعه کردم. باتوجه به مطالعات و جستجوهایی که داشتم متوجه شدم پوشکین این کتاب رو در پاییز ۱۸۳۰ نوشت. این دوره به پاییز بولدینو معروفه، زمانی که پوشکین به خاطر شیوع بیماری وبا در روستای بولدینو محبوس شده بود و یکی از پرکارترین دوره های ادبی زندگیش رو تجربه کرد.
قلم پوشکین عین سادگی و روایی، مفاهیم عمیقی رو در برمی گیره؛ اینکه سعادت انسان در خوشبختی وی است و برای رسیدن به این سعادت دست به هرکاری می زند. این اثر پوشکین از رمانتیسم های زمانه خود فاصله می گیرد و داستان هایی رئالیستی تحویل ما می دهد. داستان هایش با واقعیت عجین شده و در آنها فقر، تبعیض، برده داری، مشکلات زناشویی و... دیده می شود. ما شاهد قهرمانان پاک، دلیر و بی عیب و نقص نیستیم. قهرمانان داستان خود ما هستیم؛ ما مردم عادی. مردمی که برای رسیدن به چیزی که میخواهند تلاش می کنند و مشکلات بسیار را پشت سر می گذارند.
داستان های بلکین از پنج داستان کوتاه شلیک، بوران، تابوت ساز، متصدی چاپارخانه و دوشیزه خانم روستایی تشکیل شده است. پوشکین با خلق نویسنده ای به نام ایوان پترویچ بلکین چنین داستان های ساده و درعین حال بسیار جذاب و زیبا را به نگارش درآورد.
کتاب به خوبی شما را با فضای روسیه در ابتدای قرن ۱۹ آشنا می کند و در دل روستای های سرد و جنگلی روسیه می‌روید. وجود شخصیت های نظامی و ارباب ها و رعیت ها نشانی از اوضاع آن دوران روسیه، حکومت تزاری ، جنگ های ناپلئونی و جامعه فئودالی آن دوران است‌.
"آن دسته از خوانندگان من که هرگز در روستا زندگی نکرده اند نمی توانند تصور کنند که خانم های روستایی چقدر معرکه اند! اینها که در هوای پاک باغ ها و در سایه سار درختان سیب بزرگ شده اند دانش زندگی را از کتاب ها فراگرفته اند. خلوت گزیدن، رهایی و خواندن کتاب باعث می شود همه آن احساسات و شوروشوقی که برای خانم های زیبارو و پریشان فکر ما ناشناخته اند در اینها خیلی زود پرورش یابد."

[Oguz Akturk · Rating 4 out of 5]

YouTube kanalımda Puşkin'in hayatı, bütün kitapları ve kronolojik okuma sırası hakkında bilgi edinebilirsiniz:
https://youtu.be/nljKaOPQcBI

Kitap, Puşkin'in öykü türündeki ilk eserleri olan İvan Petroviç Byelkin'in öyküleri -yani Atış, Tipi, Tabutçu, Menzil Bekçisi ve Köylü Genç Bayan- gibi 1830'da yazılan 5 adet kısa öyküden oluşuyor. Puşkin'in askeri yönetime karşı oluşundan dolayı Mihaylovskoye köyünde geçirmiş olduğu sürgünün izlerini görmek mümkün. Rusya'nın halk insanlarını ve köy kültürünü Rus gelenekselliğinden kopmama uğruna yalın bir şekilde bizlere sunan Puşkin, aslında bu öykülerde rütbe ayrımlarına ince göndermeler, düello kültürü, soyluluk, aşk ve tesadüflerin o zamanki Rusya'da algılanışı, Rusların tükenmeyen absürt sarhoşluğu ve anglomani (İngiliz seviciliği) gibi konulara ışık tutuyor.

Ataol Behramoğlu'nun kitabın önsözünde Byelkin'in Öyküleri için demiş olduğu cümle aslında ne kadar önemli olduklarının ve ileride gelecek olan Rus Edebiyatı eserlerinin ayak sesleri olduğunu belirtir nitelikte :
"1830 yılının ürünü olan "Byelkin'in Öyküleri",...; Dostoyevski, Nekrasov, Tolstoy, Çehov vb. daha sonraki dönemlerin birçok büyük yazarı için tükenmez esin kaynakları olmuşlardır.

Dostoyevski eserlerinde karakterlerine boşuna Puşkin dedirtmiyor. Gerek kendisinin de kullandığı ince siyasi yergilerin Puşkin tarafından zamanında kullanılmış olması gerekse de Rus gelenekselliğinden beslenen kültür anlatımı her ikisi için de bahsi yapılabilecek dipnotlardan.

[Tintarella]

حین خوندن و لذت بردن از این داستان‌های مفرح و ناب به این فکر می‌کردم که یه نویسنده‌ی کاربلد چه‌طوری می‌تونه از ایده‌های ساده و در نگاه اول، خاله زنکی این داستان‌های درجه یک رو دربیاره و چه درون‌مایه‌های نابی رو پرورش بده. توی داستان‌ها می‌شه داستایوسکی و گوگول رو به سادگی تشخیص داد و این نشون‌دهنده‌ی عظمت پوشکینه. داستان‌های شلیک و متصدی چاپارخانه، عنوان‌های محبوبم بودند.
طرح جلد، فونت و ترجمه‌ی کتاب مثل اکثر کارهای بیدگل خوب بود.

[wutheringhheights_ · Rating 4 out of 5]

Che belli questi racconti; mi hanno trasmesso una particolare serenità e un punto di vista di cui è davvero difficile stancarsi. La delicatezza, la poesia con cui scrive Puškin è rara e l'ho riscontrata in pochissimi autori. Forse nessuno. I racconti di Belkin mettono in scena storie che possono essere felici, o che finiscono male, quadretti di vita rurale, da leggere e rileggere.

[Fábio Martins · Rating 3 out of 5]

Cinco pequenos contos, que se insinuam devagar, bucólicos e bem humorados.
Depois de púchkin nos colocar delicadamente no século XIX, o que ficam são cinco histórias de gente de ofícios e num universo axiológico ao qual não pertencemos,mas do qual não somos conceptualmente assim tão distantes. Soube bem. Em crescendo. Mas destaco a Nevasca,como o mais bonito destes contos.

[Elizabeth (Alaska) · Rating 5 out of 5]

The first "story" is called From the Publisher which begins Having taken it upon ourselves to publish the Tales of I.P. Belkin, which we offer now to the public, we wanted to append an admittedly brief biographical sketch of the late author ... and follows with a completely fictitious biographical sketch. I did see this on the preview at Amazon, but I did not really expect the other stories to be almost equally amusing.

These are stories published more than 180 years ago, before TV and movies - before even radio plays - and when people told stories for amusement. To me, these feel like yarns men sitting around the public house might tell each other, seeing who they could fool the most. And they were fun! I have been accused of not having much of a sense of humor, and my husband was quite surprised to hear me laugh out loud while reading. I'm not sure whether to use the word 'wry' or 'irony' in describing the endings because neither word is the perfect description, but they have some of each.

I have not read any other Pushkin, avoiding him because I don't do well with poetry. But this prose work is right up my alley. I'll be happy to try to find more of it. Another 5-stars for a very few hours' enjoyment.

[Sergio · Rating 4 out of 5]

Un bel gruppo di cinque racconti tutti godibilissimi che mostrano l'alta capacità narrativa di Puskin: vicende d'amore drammatiche come ne "La Tormenta" o giocose e ilari come ne "La Signorina-Contadina", l'episodio sovrannaturale evocato in "Il Costruttore di Bare" e il dramma del "Il Maestro delle Poste" e infine la chiusura da commedia de "Il Colpo di Pistola".

[Rose · Rating 5 out of 5]

"The other day, after my work, I picked up this volume of Pushkin and as always (for the seventh time, I think) read it from cover to cover, unable to tear myself away, as if I were reading it for the first time. More than that, it was as if it dispelled all my doubts. Never have I admired Pushkin so much, nor anyone else for that matter. The Shot, Egyptian Nights, The Captain’s Daughter!!!"

- Leo Tolstoy

Tolstoy used three exclamation marks, so I can too. This book!!!

For me, classic Russian literature is not exactly fun to read. It's beautiful and provoking but not what I would call a good time. So I was really surprised at this witty and fun collection of short stories that made me feel...I guess, genuine delight. Which sounds like such an old fashioned way to describe something but its true, I was really delighted. Because I knew nothing about this going into it and I was caught off guard by how it made me laugh out loud and gasp at all the little enchanting surprises. It really is devilishly clever and satisfying to read.

I especially loved The Shot, The Blizzard, and The Young Lady Peasant. But I have to give a special shout-out to The Stationmaster because it highlights what I most like about Pushkin; the way he writes women. Guess what? Terrible things don't happen to women in his stories, even when they do things like run away from home with strange men. (This is, incidentally, the quality I most like about Jane Austen too).

These aren't morality tales trying to scare proper behavior into girls. They aren't bitter stories written by a jaded writer who has been burned by his relationships with women. So much of classic fiction is women either reaping the tragic consequences of poor choices or being objects of love/desire/temptation for men. And the characterization stops there. Pushkin writes a woman's inner voice sparingly, but when he does it's actually really relatable. He gives them agency and writes them like his men. That is, like people. And I really love the way he writes men too, because that's who he knew best. Maybe the reason why his male characters have such widely varying fates, foibles, and personalities is because he's never self-inserting, he's just writing what he observed of men and their nature.

In the Pevear and Volokhonsky translation I read, Pushkin's prose is really like crystal; so fresh and clean, deceptively light until it you realize how multifaceted it is. And for those who say these are 'just' fun stories...well yeah. “Emptiness is Pushkin’s content. Without it he would not be full, he would not be, just as there is no fire without air, no breathing in without breathing out.” - Andrei Sinyavsky.