The Penguin Book of Feminist Writing is my first Anthology of any kind that I’ve finished. It took me almost two years but only because I did not think the content could be rushed. Many of the pieces made me angry so I could read only a few at the time. Other books also intervened so here I am, two years after I started.
The editor collected in this volume a series of feminist fragments from novels, stories, essays, manifests, poems, all written by women. The initial plan was to say a few words about each entry I liked but I soon gave up on the task as there were too many ideas. Also, since I read this sporadically, I often forgot to make any notes. I kept below my initial thoughts/ plans about this book, its introduction and the first 5 entries.
The anthology was diverse, interesting and I believe it to be an important volume to have in any feminist library (and not only).
*****
Initial thoughts written while reading the beginning:
“To try and make people see what is right in front of their eyes: this is core to the history of feminism, as it has been to the history of all human rights struggles.”
The Penguin Book of Feminism is a collection of feminist writings, essays, poems, stories, novels and manifests. It is a selective history of women’s struggle to understand the unfair situation they are facing and their fight for equal rights. The writings are collected by Hannah Dawson, a senior lecturer of History of Ideas at King’s College.
I made this anthology my long project for the remaining of the year. I will periodically update this review and add comments, reviews, short biographies, and quotes about the content. I do not think I will name all the 116 titles chosen to appear in this collection but I will try to mention the ones that I found more interesting.
1. Introduction by Hannah Dawson
“Feminism only makes sense if you believe in sexism. Otherwise it has no object, no legitimacy. And here we come to a precipice: many people do not believe in sexism, in the same way that many people do not believe in racism. They deny that these are structural realities. If they concede that there is a problem, it certainly does not exist in them. They are not sexist. Indeed, men might say that they are under attack, caught up in a kind of war -they love their military metaphors -a culture war, a war on free speech, a sex war that women are winning, wearing trousers, victorious over redundant, henpecked men.”
(…)A feminist is a killjoy, as Sara Ahmed explains “To be willing to go against a social order, which is protected as a moral order, a happiness order, is to be willing to cause unhappiness. You are the one who is “difficult” and “angry”, and causing tension, not the man with the hand on your knee.
(...)In part, sexism is hard to see because it is a structural phenomenon. It is, that is to say, a web of historic, economic, political, institutional and -individual forces that operate on bodies and psyches, and that sustain an oppressive hierarchy based on gender. It exists in the connections between events as much as in the events themselves. It cannot always be read off the intentions of actors, but is legible in the patterns and outcomes of life. It is often inadvertent; indeed inadvertency is part of its mechanism. It is a bit like gravity; it cannot be seen, but its pull can be felt, in governments packed with men; in laws that permit domestic violence and ban abortion; in girls deprived of education and ostracised for menstruating; in female genital mutilation; in unpaid labour and low-paid exploitative and precarious work; in the flat-lining of careers for those who are lucky enough to have one after women have children; in gender-based murder; in the victimization of women in war; in forced sterilization; in the strip-ping of rights and safety from migrant women; in the fact that black women have a higher risk of dying from pregnancy-related complications than white women.”
In the Introduction, Dr. Dawson discusses the idea of feminism, how it started, its struggles and limitations. She also writes about how she received the assignment to assemble this book, how she chose what to include and why she decided not to add biographies
“lt is usual in anthologies to provide biographies of the authors, but in the end I decided not to do this. A woman writing struggles not to be reduced to her life. When she writes about something other than herself, she is asked “Is this about you” And when she does write about herself her work is read as small, domestic, narcissistic.”
2. Christine de Pizan – The Book of the City of Ladies, 1405
Venetian by birth, Christine served as a court writer in medieval France. The Book of The Cities of Lady is her most famous work. In the extract, Christine is reading from Matheolus's Lamentations, a work from the thirteenth century that addresses marriage and where the author writes that women make men's lives miserable. Believing what is written by him and other similar writers, Christine becomes upset and ashamed to be a woman: "This thought inspired such a great sense of disgust and sadness in me that I began to despise myself and the whole of my sex as an aberration in nature”. The three Virtues then appear to Christine and tell her that she should build The City of Ladies, where women of noble spirit will be protected.
3. Sor Juana Ines de La Cruz, 1691 – A philosophical satire (A philosopher Mexican ex nun).
4. Mary Astell – Some reflections Upon Marriage, 1700
“What tho’ a Husband can’t deprive a Wife of Life without being responsible to the law, he may however do what is much more grievous to to a generous Mind, render Life miserable, for which she has no Redress (…) It being thought a Wife’s Duty to suffer everything without Complaint. If All Men are born free, how is it that all Women are born slaves? As they must be if the being subject to the inconstant, uncertain, unknown, arbitrary Will of men, be the perfect condition of Slavery. “
Astell was a philosopher and feminist who advocated the idea that women were just as rational as men, and just as deserving of education. Education would help women chose better marriages and bring more equality in the institution. Many of her idea included God and religion so she was thought a bit too catholic for England.
5. Judith Sargent Murray – On the Equality of the Sexes, 1790
I plant to read the whole essay and write a separate review of it.