Cuentos de un pasado lejano: Konjaku monogatari-shū

by Anonymous (Translator)

Esta colección de cuentos, elaborada durante la primera mitad del siglo XII por un compilador cuya identidad se desconoce, sigue una tradición narrativa que gira y se desarrolla en torno a temas budistas, el corte de los relatos y otros aspectos formales nos hablan de una intencionalidad didáctica. Sin embargo, por su variedad de contenidos, con fuerte presencia de temas y motivos puramente profanos, y por otros muchos rasgos, como las insolencias que se permite con idolatrados maestros espirituales y personajes principales de la esfera política, esta antología desborda esa primitiva intencionalidad y la rebaja a la categoría de pretexto para, con una transversalidad social y una multiplicidad de enfoques muy dinámicas y sorprendentemente modernas, representar todo el mundo conocido. El resultado es enormemente sugestivo y el lector tendrá la sensación de haber obtenido una imagen muy completa del ambiente que se respiraba en los diversos estratos sociales del Japón de finales del periodo Heian (794-1185).
Enseñanzas budistas, fábulas instructivas, relatos humorísticos o de corte sobrenatural que componen una obra que ha sido comparada en ocasiones con el Decamerón o Las mil y una noches.
Traducción, selección y prólogo de Javier de Esteban Baquedano.

Genres: Japan, Japanese Literature, Fiction, Short Stories, Classics, Mythology, Literature

304 pages, Paperback

Published November 14, 2019

About the author

Books can be attributed to "Anonymous" for several reasons:

* They are officially published under that name
* They are traditional stories not attributed to a specific author
* They are religious texts not generally attributed to a specific author

Books whose authorship is merely uncertain should be attributed to Unknown.

See also: Anonymous

Reviews

[Rosa · Rating 4 out of 5]

Really interesting view of ancient Japan through its traditional tales. This was a birthday gift from my friends Sole and Joe, and it's been in my shelves for over two years, but recently I read a lovely story that takes place in ancient Japan, and that put me in the mood for more. So, I picked this one and wasn't dissapointed.
After reading the prologue, I was really curious about if there was going to be any difference in the writting between the tales focused in Buddhist teachings and the secular ones, and there wasn't. I don't know if that's due to the translation that tried to give the tales an unity or not. I wish I could read them in its original, as painful as it has to be... I still have nightmares about reading Kaguya Hime in its original, which we also find here, in a resumed version, or maybe an older one.
If you like Japan and its culture this is a must read, but it isn't an easy one, beware.

[Teresa · Rating 3 out of 5]

"Já são coisas do passado."

Este livro contém uma selecção de cerca de duas dezenas de histórias retiradas do Konjaku monogatari, a mais volumosa obra da literatura japonesa e de que se desconhece o autor.
Criadas para serem contadas oralmente, têm um estilo simples e sem grande caracterização de personagens, distinguindo-se em todas a beleza feminina. Relatam histórias de amor, geralmente dramáticas, abrangentes a todas as classes sociais.

"E assim dizem que tudo isto foi contado."

[P.H. Wilson · Rating 3 out of 5]

Real rating 6/10
Fantasy in the loosest terms possible. Japanese culture abounds with mythology, fantasy and folklore that is beyond description. These tales are not them every story ends almost the same way.
I shall list some of the titles to get the point across:
A Monk of Dojoji Temple in Kii Province Brings Salvation to Two Snakes by Copying the Lotus Sutra.
How a Man Copied the Lotus Sutra to Save a Dead Fox.
Biwa no Otodo Copies the Lotus Sutra and Saves a Precept Master.
A Shameless, Depraved Monk Recites the Chapter on the Buddha's Life from the Lotus Sutra.
Uujo, a Sutra-chanting Monk, Escapes a Snake's Attack by Chanting the Lotus Sutra.
Enku, a Monk of the Tendai Sect Hears a Flying Hermit Chanting a Sutra.
Fish are Turned into the Lotus Sutra

I could continue listing off those titles, but I think you get the point. Most of the parables last roughly three pages and the structure primarily consists of slightly magical thing then go pray to Buddha or chant a sutra. So if you are the kind of person who enjoys reading very bland parables that all end in becoming or be a better Buddhist then this is the book for you. If you read all of the Christian parables and thought they were exhilarating this is the Buddhist version. As for fantasy and folklore, it feels lacking, though I will admit that after reading this book I started to realise why during the Sengoku period Oda Nobunaga lead a campaign against Buddhism. Which in turn brings it back to the point of if you are a scholar or history buff this book has some merit. For the average person, it bears little fruit.

[Guttersnipe Das · Rating 5 out of 5]

Japanese Tales from Times Past:
Stories of Fantasy and Folklore from the Konjaku Monogatari Shu
Translated by Naoshi Koriyama and Bruce Allen
Tuttle Publishing, 2015

Here is a collection of 90 very short stories from the Konjaku Monogatari Shu, a 12th century collection that provides the kernels of the stories of Rashoman and Kaguya-hime and a ravishing glimpse at life in Japan a thousand years ago. As in the original volumes, the stories are grouped by theme: ill-fated love affairs, animals who return favors, people rescued by their reverence for the Lotus Sutra, mysterious transformations, or enchantment by foxes. For example, stories 77, 78 and 79 are about spurned wives who recover their husbands’ love through poetry, when the husband discovers that his ex-wife is actually more thoughtful, subtle, and appreciative than the wife he has now. (Warning: Do not try this at home.)

To have 90 of these tales so beautifully translated is a victory for scholarship -- but what a shame it would be if this book remained only in the hands of scholars. For me, there is something so reassuring and nourishing about reading ancient stories -- whether from Sumeria, India, Iceland or Japan -- I feel like I’m receiving nutriments found nowhere else. The stories are erotic, mysterious, bewildering, and overwhelmingly human -- full of the same mistakes we’ve been making, reliably, for all of human history.

My personal favorite is story #54, which seems like it’s going to be a totally typical story of a jealous husband killing the wrong man by accident. But then: “Just as he was raising his arm, a gleam of moonlight shone through a slit in the boards of the roof and he saw the long cords of a pair of formal trousers hanging from the wall. When he noticed them, suddenly he thought, ‘No man wearing such formal trousers would ever visit my wife. If I should harm the wrong person by mistake I’ll be damned.’ “ How delicious. Keep this book on your nightstand: its tiny elegant stories are the perfect companion for a sleepless night.

As an ardent book fiend, I like to hop from one book to the next according to odd associations. Therefore, after reading this book, you might very well enjoy ‘The Sutra of the Wise and Foolish’, a collection of the past life stories of the Buddha published by the Tibetan Library of Works and Archives. Or you could explore some of the translators’ previous works: Naoshi Koriyama has published beautiful poetry in English for more than half a century and Bruce Allen’s translations of Ishimure Michiko (Lake of Heaven) display a profound ecological and shamanic understanding that is urgently necessary and totally unlike anything I’ve ever read. A most peculiar (and yet, I promise you, entirely natural) leap would be to the early 20th century tales of the Swiss madman genius Robert Walser. The stories recently collected in ‘Ghosts, Girlfriends and Other Stories’ are the same length as these stories and display an oddly similar understanding of human foibles. Despite the thousand year time difference, there’s a peculiar quirky tenderness that’s on the just same wavelength. Certainly Walser would have adored -- and could well have written -- a story with the sentence, “No man wearing such formal trousers would ever visit my wife.”

[Sarah · Rating 5 out of 5]

These tales are absolutely gorgeous! I wish that I had read these a long time ago. These tales are filled with the elegance found only in Asia. In comparing these to the Western fairytales I grew up with: Western tales usually take ordinary people, put them in extraordinary circumstances, and they end up with wealth and a life lesson. Eastern fairytales are quite different. They take ordinary people, put them in ordinary circumstances, and something unusual happens to which they attribute to the Buddha and his or her attempt to teach the person something. Thus the character becomes a more pious person than before. In short, Western fairytales deal with material wealth while Eastern fairytales deal with spiritual wealth. Very intriguing. You are doing yourself a disservice if you do not read this book.

[Angela Randall]

Found this book on a list of 20 essential works of Japanese literature. Made this list in Goodreads here.

[Alex Pler · Rating 3 out of 5]

Un compendio de fábulas japonesas y relatos con moraleja escritos en el siglo XII que sirvieron de inspiración a escritores como Ryûnosuke Akutagawa y Junichiro Tanizaki. Algunos sorprenden por su crudeza violenta y erótica, todos invitan a la reflexión.

[Jana Karenina · Rating 5 out of 5]

Short, illuminating tales of Japanese surrealism. Perfect bedtime stories for grown-ups.

[Felipe Arango Betancourt · Rating 5 out of 5]

El Konjaku monogatari-shū es la colección más amplia y rica de relatos tradicionales que se hicieron en la Antigüedad y la Edad Media japonesa, elaborada, según se cree, durante la segunda mitad del siglo XII (1.120 aproximadamente) por un compilador desconocido. La colección cuenta con 1.040 relatos (setsuwa) y está agrupada en tres grandes secciones: India, China y Japón.

Cuentos y relatos con una alta carga de enseñanza budista; otros, seculares, profanos y mundanos. Cuentos moralizantes que tienen como fin enseñar la compasión, la bondad, el amor filial, la compasión por toda forma de vida; la justicia y la forma de cómo opera el karma, la coherencia entre el pensamiento, la palabra y la acción. Los personajes, disímiles entre sí van desde reyes sabios y justos, funcionarios y gobernadores de provincias, hijos amorosos y compasivos hasta monjes y santones que se dejan tentar y muestran su lado más humano.
Mitología y realidad se amalgaman para enseñar y educar.

"O así es al menos como se ha contado y se cuenta".

[calum :0 · Rating 5 out of 5]

a very interesting collection of stories imo!! it's very interesting to see hoa familiar Heian period readers might have been with china and india, and it's also really cool to see representation of people and places not from the capital!!

[Lloyd Earickson · Rating 3 out of 5]

Between the eighth and twelfth centuries, a collection of over a thousand stories was prepared in Japan, called the Konjaku Monogatarishū, or Konjaku Monogatari.  In English, this translates to Anthology of Tales Old and New.  Over thirty-one volumes, the anthology ranges over Buddhism and some regional folklore, but the emphasis is on the former, and the tales are presented like moralistic fairy tales, each one beginning with “In days long ago,” and ending with “and so the story is handed down to us,” along with a moral summary of the tale.  The tales come from India, China, and Japan, and are sometimes compared to Chaucer’s Canterbury Tales , although the stories in Konjaku Monogatarishū are probably closer to the fairy tales collected by the Grimm brothers.

I did not read all thousand-plus stories, but I was intrigued by the collection, and came across a selection of ninety stories from the Japanese parts of the original anthology recently chosen and translated by Naoshi Koriyama and Bruce Allen.  Officially titled Japanese Tales from Times Past: Stories of Fantasy and Folklore from the Konjaku Monogatari Shu – New translations from Japan’s most famous collection of folk wisdom, Koriyama and Allen’s translation includes ninety stories and is billed as the largest English collection to be published in a single volume.  However, these are not “short stories” as you might be expecting if you’re thinking of modern anthologies and collections like Unfettered, Arcanum Unbounded, or Writers of the Future volumes.  Each one reads more like a summary of a short story, told in a straightforward fashion without character internality, amplifying details, or what is colloquially referred to as “showing.”  Most of the stories are three pages or less, with a few composed of only a couple of paragraphs - but they don't feel like so-called flash fiction.  That keeps some of them from reading like stories in the sense modern readers understand the word, but as you get into the collection, the approach gives an illusion of sitting and listening to someone telling you a story in the way a friend might tell a story about something they observed.  In other words, the storytelling style strongly suggests the oral tradition from which these folktales and religious parables probably arose.

Oddly, the translators do not emphasize the oral heritage which likely formed the basis for the original Konjaku Monogatarishū.  Instead, they emphasize the stories’ relevance to modern preoccupations and assumptions, which occasionally informs the translation with anachronistic turns of phrase and presentations which, for me, detract from the experience of the stories and the immersivity of the collection.  Nor do their translational choices lead me to the same conclusions and takeaways described in the forward.

While there are similarities in Buddhist monastic traditions to those of Medieval Europe (and I will be reading and reviewing a book specifically examining those eastern monastic traditions in the coming weeks), there is a sense from these stories that they took their monasticism a bit less seriously.  That may be the selection of tales, but there is an irreverence that underpins many of the stories, which is not entirely tied to the warning aspect of the tales.  Monks pop up with supernatural powers, succumb to worldly temptations, and then reacquire their supernatural powers, like flying around in the air or telekinetically moving logs about, by thinking about it a bit.  Many of the stories consist of folksy warnings to read Buddhist texts and follow Buddhist precepts more faithfully, along with ideas of karmic justice.  The text frequently refers to this instead as “the law of cause and effect,” which is an insightful framing as it reduces the moralistic component.  In the stories, the law of cause and effect is depicted much as it sounds, as a natural and inevitable series of consequences resulting from an action or actions, which is rather different from how “karma” is often imagined in Western circles, as something actively intervening to correct a moral transgression.

Other stories fit firmly into traditional fairy tale molds, moral tales with elements of the supernatural world.  Each story ends with a summary of the story’s moral, which I often found did not align with my own moral takeaways, but are telling about the culture out of which these stories emerged.  In these Japanese fairy tales, supernatural elements like gods, demons, and goblins are invoked, although these words are subject to significant ambiguity in translation.  Recall the extensive discussion about the choice of the word “genie” in Five and Twenty Tales of the Genie – this is much the same, although the translators do not say anything about their reasons for choosing to describe a given being in a particular way.  I would have appreciated more insight into their thought process for such instances.

You can think of Japanese Tales from Times Past as a bit like Fairy and Folk Tales of the Irish Peasantry.  Yes, the stories which compose Konjaku Monogatarishū were first written nearly a millennium ago, unlike those in Fairy and Folk Tales of the Irish Peasantry, which were written down from oral traditions specifically for the collection in the early twentieth century; however, the currency of the translation, and the editorial decisions of which tales to include in this particular collection, function to overlay a similarly modern fingerprint.  The morals and events of some of the stories can be disconcerting to a modern reader, but they are nonetheless an immersive look at an aspect of Japanese culture from the time, coming together to paint a picture of the ways in which the natural and the supernatural were viewed, and the values of the culture which viewed them.

[Rose · Rating 2 out of 5]

It wasn't what I originally thought it was--which was a compilation of tales. Instead, it is an introduction to the collection and shows how it fits into the overall pattern of Japanese literature. All I wanted to do was read the STORIES. Even if all that's left of the 31 volume collection is 22 volumes. *chuckles* Very boring read. A scholar I'm not.

[Yann · Rating 4 out of 5]

25 courtes histoires issues d'un ensemble plus grand qui en comptait plus d'un millier. On y retrouve la légende à l'origine de la fête des filles au Japon.

[Preetam Chatterjee · Rating 5 out of 5]

Binge reviewing my best-read specimens of Japanese literature of all time.

To open ‘Japanese Tales from Times Past’ is to fall through the shimmering paper screens of history and step into a world where the supernatural hums quietly beneath the surface of the ordinary. Compiled during the late Heian and early Kamakura periods, the ‘Konjaku Monogatari Shu’ gathers over a thousand tales — brief, luminous, and strange — from India, China, and Japan, like pearls threaded on a moral string. Each story offers a window into a world of Buddhist karma, poetic justice, trickster spirits, and fallible humans trying to make sense of a restless, impermanent universe.

What makes this collection so remarkable is not simply its age or size but its rhythm — that pulse of storytelling that moves effortlessly between the real and the surreal. There is something eerily contemporary about the way these tales slip between moral parable and absurdist farce. A monk loses faith, a ghost repents, and a lustful nobleman meets divine retribution — and yet, between these patterned arcs of virtue and punishment, you can sense a whisper of doubt, a sly smile. The anonymous compiler was not simply preserving stories but assembling an emotional atlas of the human condition.

Each story feels like a small, flickering lantern in the dark — brief enough to be told in one sitting, yet echoing long after. They are deceptively simple: the dream of a dead lover, the fox who outwits a priest, the spirit who haunts his own greed. But within those few paragraphs lies the pulse of Buddhist impermanence (‘mujō’), that exquisite melancholy that says everything beautiful is bound to vanish. The ‘Konjaku Monogatari Shu’ doesn’t mourn that transience; it celebrates it — through laughter, horror, tenderness, and irony.

Donald Keene’s English translation manages a rare balance — elegant yet accessible, capturing the old Japanese cadences without letting them petrify. Reading it feels like listening to a fireside storyteller whose voice has crossed centuries to reach you. Keene doesn’t embellish; he respects the original’s spareness, its dry humour, and its moments of abrupt compassion. You can almost hear the faint rustle of robes, the click of wooden sandals, and the sigh of a ghost lingering behind a paper screen.

And maybe that’s the book’s secret magic—it’s not only a chronicle of folklore but also an archive of ‘listening’. You can feel the people of the time — monks, courtiers, peasants — leaning in to hear these tales. Oral tradition seeps through the prose like smoke through bamboo. In a sense, reading ‘Japanese Tales from Times Past’ is an act of resurrection: bringing back a collective voice that had once filled the night air of Heian Japan.

Why should you read this book today?

Because it reminds us that fantasy is not an escape from reality — it’s an ancient way of decoding it. These stories, written nearly a millennium ago, carry the same anxieties that pulse beneath our own age: desire, vanity, greed, loss, and faith. In their brevity and weirdness, they anticipate flash fiction, magical realism, and even postmodern parables. Reading them today is like rediscovering the earliest roots of storytelling itself — wild, moral, and hauntingly human.

What impact did the book have on me?

It rewired my sense of time. While reading, I felt centuries collapse into a single breath. These tales—so brief, so fragile—made me aware of how storytelling survives catastrophe and forgetting. The anonymous voice behind them became my quiet companion, teaching me that art does not need permanence; it only needs presence. And somehow, that feels deeply liberating — as if every story I write or read now exists within that same eternal hush, between light and shadow, past and present.

Classic. Try it by all means.

[Akemi G. · Rating 5 out of 5]

I didn’t read this English translation. I read the modern Japanese translation by Takehiko Fukunaga that collects 155 stories from Vol 11 to 31 of the original. (Vol 1-10 are set in India and China; the rest is set in Japan.) Although the author and the precise date of authorship are unknown, the original collection was probably compiled in the late Heian period around 1120-1150, probably by a Buddhist monk—which is why each story ends with the moral of the story. (It doesn’t mean we have to agree with their moral.) The collection is famous as the source of ideas for authors such as Ryūnosuke Akutagawa.

It’s full of crimes. People were impoverished and driven to murder, robbery, even human trafficking. Some stories clearly name who’s who. For instance, vol 23 story 15 is about Tachibana no Norimitsu (who later marries Sei Shōnagon and shows up in her The Pillow Book) when he was a young man. One evening, when he was on an overnight shift in the palace, he stole out to see a woman—and was assaulted by a group of rogues. He defended himself and killed three men, and was so afraid of being accused of the incident that he returned to the shift, changed his clothes, and pretended nothing ever happened . . .

For the people in those days, demons and monsters were as real as humans, and there are many stories that we today would categorize as fantasy. They are pretty scary, too.

I love these stories. They are raw and amazing.

[Sarah · Rating 4 out of 5]

In olden times, Japan was filled with wily individuals who could transform themselves into snakes and foxes, as well as a tremendous number of demons, devils, and sundry evil spirits. Believing in, and reciting, the Lotus Sutra with all your heart was of utmost importance. And Buddha regularly - almost unfailingly - swooped in to save those of pure heart, whatever their trouble might be. (And the trouble was usually snakes, foxes, or evil spirits/demons.) Or so this collection of fantasy and folklore proclaims.

Clearly, these stories, such as they have been handed down, are not meant to be taken literally. Most are moral lessons; a few are simply confusing. All speak to the Japanese virtues of honor and humility that so define the culture today. Most readers, frankly, will not be interested in Japanese Tales from Times Past. At best they are repetitive, a sort of Japanese Aesop's fables. At worst, they are mind bending puzzles, filled with too many monks to count. They are each Japanese to the core, though, from the virtues they proclaim to the word choice and cadence of the translation, courtesy of Naoshi Koriyama and Bruce Allen.

This is a book for a niche, niche audience. It is exactly as the cover states, a collection of folkloric tales, and offers an unusual window into Japanese culture.

[Paul Cornelius · Rating 3 out of 5]

This is a quite readable collection of medieval Japanese parables. Most are filled with hints of magic. Many are charm-laden, while others provide graphic warnings against the dangers of lust, greed, selfishness, envy, and pride. They all follow a formulaic pattern, but none is tiresome or repetitive. Each maintains its own unique flavor and characterization. The relationship between humans and animals is often foregrounded, with the idea being advanced that both share a common bond and common fate. They are quite literally, in many instances, interchangeable. A fascinating look into ancient Japanese mores and values.

[Daniel]

This was a useful resource but some of the translations were a little over Anglicised. For instance, multiple stories talk about demons without being clear whether they are talking about Tengu or Oni or other creatures.

[Alan · Rating 4 out of 5]

Cuentos religiosos y morales muy entretenidos y con mucha imaginación. Ideales para conocer la moral imperante en esa época. La única pega: que a menudo, por ese gusto japonés por lo breve, se quedan un poco cortos.

[Tatyana · Rating 5 out of 5]

Short, fun stories to read.

[mai · Rating 3 out of 5]

the translator was ok. mostly used it for research

[Bhawani Dwivedy · Rating 3 out of 5]

Mostly a collection of parables wherein chanting the sutras bails people out of miseries and difficulties.

[Xtoph · Rating 3 out of 5]

obscure and whimsical, probably more fun for the translators as for readers. It becomes repetitive and gets weirder as you go. Quite a lot of gratuitous violence. And demons.

[Cristobal · Rating 4 out of 5]

Una selección de algunos de los cuentos mas relevantes del Konjaku Monogatari, una compilación de más de 1,000 cuentos que data del Siglo XII; sus orígenes son inciertos y se especula que su autor o autores no lograron terminar la compilación, el manuscrito original se considera al día de hoy uno de los Tesoros Nacionales de Japón. Al igual que en el original, se dividen los cuentos por lugar de origen: India, China y Japón; la mayoría de los cuentos tienen una moraleja o trasfondo budista.

Es difícil poner una calificación a un libro como este, los cuentos evidentemente son bastante rudimentarios, la mayoría están escritos para transmitir principios budistas como el amor filial o el karma, sin embargo no deja de ser una obra con un trasfondo histórico inmenso y una gran influencia sobre la literatura japonesa moderna.¹ También debido a la diferencia de idiomas muchos la belleza de los poemas y muchos de los juegos de palabras se pierden ya que resultan intraducibles.

Vale mucho la pena leer como un texto histórico pero no es un libro en el cual se encuentre una belleza rebosante o un contenido emocionante.

xxxxx
¹. Se pueden citar varios autores que retomaron cuentos del Konjaku como base para novelas, Tanizaki y Ryūnosuke entre otros.

[Lulu]

c. 1120 - 1150 collection of over one thousand tales. Setsuwa monogatari


Other trans

Tales of times now past https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/1...

Ages ago: thirty-seven tales from the Konjaku Monogatari Collection. Translated by Jones, Susan Wilbur. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press. 1959. LCCN 59011510. OCLC 830774.


Konjaku monogatari-shū. Twayne's world authors series. Vol. TWAS 621. Translated by Kelsey, W. Michael (1st paperback print ed.). Boston: Twayne Publishers. 1982. ISBN 9780805764635. LCCN 82002914. OCLC 8243209.



The Konjaku tales. Intercultural Research Institute monograph series. Translated by Dykstra, Yoshiko Kurata. Hirakata, Osaka: Intercultural Research Institute, Kansai University of Foreign Studies. 1986–1994.


Tales of Days Gone By, a selection from Konjaku Monogatari-shu. Translated by De Wolf, Charles. Matsubara, Naoko, illustrator. Tokyo: ALIS. 2003. ISBN 9784900362000. OCLC 676089499.


Of Birds and Beasts, Fish and Fowl: Japanese Tales of Times Now Past, De Wolf, Charles, editor and translator, with Masayuki Furuse, Takatoshi Kuhara, Fuyuko Yamamoto, Kenji Yoshida, 2017, Babel Press, Tokyo ISBN 978-4-89449-532-6

[Martin Smith · Rating 2 out of 5]

It feels a bit churlish to criticise 1000 year old literature for not appealing to a modern reader, but a lot of these stories feel very slight and perfunctory to the point that one wonders if they were worth translating. Given that this is a curated selection, I’d dread to see the ones that didn’t make the cut. The Buddhist focused stories at least have more of a point to them, even if it is usually is just “follow Buddhist teachings or bad things will happen”. Some of the secular tales are barely even stories, just a vague description of something that happened.
The translations are often a bit too stiff for my tastes, but I can appreciate the desire for an accurate representation of the original.

[Kim Dong kyu]

asdasdas

[Tuấn Phong]

that great