Revisiting Allen Ginsberg
Late in 2023, I reread Allen Ginsberg's great poem "Kaddish" after a long time away. I decided to read Ginsberg (1926 -- 1997) again and turned to his volume "Selected Poems: 1947 -- 1995". For many years, I have been fascinated by the Beats.
Ginsberg's "Selected Poems" commemorates his 70th birthday. The poet himself selected the poems to be included in the volume following consultation with his friends. He also wrote a valuable, brief "Apologia of Selection" which offers an overview of how Ginsberg saw the trajectory of his long practice of poetry. The volume also includes Ginsberg's explanatory notes on references in the poems together with many photographs. The volume includes selections from Ginsberg's work with the exception of the latest poems written just before his death and published in the collection "Death and Fame". In the final paragraph of the "Apologia" Ginsberg, I think accurately, describes the course of his poetic work. He writes:
"The original task was to 'widen the area of consciousness' make pragmatic examination of the texture of consciousness, even somewhat transform consciousness. In the last decade elements of meditative and poetic practice appear to merge. That's the inner structure or progression of this book."
This collection shows the arc of Ginsberg's poetry. He came to his best writing early with his most famous poems "Howl" (1955) and "Kaddish" (1959) and related works. Then, I find, there was a gradual decline as Ginsberg's work became more overtly political with its strong leftist bent and its criticism of the Vietnam War. Ginsberg became a figure of the American counterculture and became famous for his eccentric behavior even more so than for his poems. Still, his collection "The Fall of America" (1973) won the National Book Award for poetry. There are eloquent poems and passages throughout Ginsberg's work, but the collection on the whole is uneven. In the late poems in this volume, "Plutonian Ode" and "White Shroud", Ginsberg's voice attains peace and eloquence. It differs from the passion and long lines of the earlier poetry as Ginsberg meditates on his life, his impending death, his relationships to others and, most importantly, his spirituality and Buddhism.
The Beat movement was short, and Ginsberg outlived it. Many of the poems in this collection were written within the movement, and many look back on it with nostalgia. Ginsberg's relationships with and thoughts on Kerouac, Neal Cassady, William Burroughs, and Gregory Corso pervade this volume.
Ginsberg's poetic influences include Whitman, Shelly, William Carlos Williams, and, especially William Blake. As a student in the 1940's, Ginsberg had an epiphany in a vision of Blake which he included as "Psalm IV" in "Kaddish". It is worth quoting this poem for itself and for the light it casts on Ginsberg's poetry in general.
"Now I'll record my secret vision impossible sight of the face of God:
It was no dream. I lay broad waking on a fabulous couch in Harlem
having masturbated for no love, and read half naked an open book of Blake on my lap
Lo & behold! I was thoughtless and turned a page and gazed on the living Sun-flower
and heard a voice, it was Blake's, reciting in earthen measure:
the voice rose out of the page to my secret ear never heard before --
I lifted my eves to the window, red walls of buildings flashed outside, endless sky sad in Eternity
sunlight gazing on the world, apartments of Harlem standing in the universe --
each brick and cornice stained with intelligence like a vast living face --
the great brain unfolding and brooding in wilderness! -- Now speaking aloud with Blake's voice--
Love! though patient presence & bone of the body! Father ! thy careful watching and waiting over my soul!
My son! My son! the endless ages have remembered me! My son! My son!
Time howled anguish in my ear!
My son! My son! my father wept and held me in his dead arms."
Much of Ginsberg is in this poem -- the long lines, the sexuality, the emphasis on personal experience and sincerity, and the heavily spiritual tone of the work. Ginsberg varies emphasis throughout his poems. Many poems focus on sexual behavior, especially on Ginsberg's homosexuality. Ginsberg's sexual desire and loneliness combine with his feelings for America and with his spiritual growth. This seems to me the value and direction of Ginsberg's poetry. I feel it unfortunate that his work was muddled by popularity, by the 1960s counterculture, and by politics.
My reading of this volume was enhanced by a video published by the Library of Congress titled "Allen Ginsberg Reads his Poetry" recorded at the poet's home in New York City on April 29, 1988. In the video, Ginsberg reads. discusses, and sings some of the poems in his "Selected Poems". He also reads poems by Blake, Shelly, and W.C. Williams. Ginsberg's love for poetry and his unabashed enthusiasm shine through in this document and helped me appreciate him and his art.
Ginsberg will be remembered by his best work. This volume allows the reader to see Ginsberg's great poems as part of a whole and to place the work in its context.
Robin Friedman