Husain Haqqani, a former Pakistani Diplomat offers his views about why India and Pakistan can't just be friends. It is a critical account of Pakistani foreign policy with regards to India and is surprisingly lenient towards India.
On the Pakistani side he says that the reasons lie in a national identity crisis, insistence of the Pakistani leadership, civil or military, on equality with India despite the difference in the size of the nations, and an oversized military looking to justify its existence amid meagre revenues. While on the Indian side he offers that the trouble lies in India's inability to clearly understand Pakistan's troubles, and in turn exaggerating them at times. (We at times try to emphasize our similarities which amps up the identity crisis a notch)
The national identity crisis is best summed up by the Pakistani academic Waheed uz Zaman when he says, "If the Arabs, the Turks, and the Iranians, God forbid, give up Islam, the Arabs still remain Arabs, the Turks remain Turks, and the Iranians remain Iranians; but what do we remain if we give up Islam?"
Haqqani feels that the Pakistani military leadership has capitalised on this identity crisis in order to maintain the preeminence of the Army in the state, sometimes with and sometimes without civilian government support. He traces this inordinate influence on state affairs to British policy of designating Martial Communities, a lot of which came from the territory of Pakistan. This in turn resulted in Pakistan being allocated almost 33% of British India's armed forces with only 17% of its revenue. The Army has since then tried to maintain its claim on the resources of the nation through the creation of a national fear psychoses against Indian designs and aggression.
He concludes, therefore, that the Kashmir issue is not likely to be resolved soon as Pakistan cannot be seen to soften its stand given its identity issues and of late, India has also begun to harden its stance because of repeated ceasefire violations and state sponsored terrorist attacks from Pakistan. The nuclearisation of the neighbourhood offered a chance of detente, but that has since been squandered with Kargil in '99 and the proposed plans of the Pakistani Army to develop tactical nukes.
This book also gives an idea about how India is viewed in Pakistan. At one point Haqqani said that India has consistently applied its energies in order to achieve its goal of being a global power. Which, having witnessed the Indian polity, seemed a little over the mark. However, it does make one reassess the same views that we often hold with respect to China in India.
Haqqani ends the book with a poem by Fehmida Riaz titled "Tum Bhi Hum Jaise Nikle", pointing to the rise of Hindutva in India and how it might lead us down to a path similar to the one that Pakistan has followed so far.