Europeans used Canon of Medicine, a standard textbook of noted Persian physician and Neoplatonist philosopher Avicenna, also ibn Sina, fully named Abu Ali al-Husain ibn Abdullah ibn Sina, until the 17th century.
Abū ‘Alī al-Ḥusayn ibn ‘Abd Allāh ibn Sīnā, known more commonly as Pour Sina but mostly in English under Avicenna, his Latinized name, a foremost polymath of his time, originated. He also qualifies as an astronomer, chemist, geologist, Hafiz, logician, paleontologist, mathematician, Maktab teacher, physicist, poet, and scientist.
Ibn Sīnā studied under a named Koushyar. He wrote almost four hundred fifty treatises on a wide range of subjects; two hundred forty works survive. His most famous works include The Book of Healing, a vast scientific encyclopedia at many medieval universities. The universities of Montpellier and Louvain used his books as late as 1650.
Ibn Sīnā provides a complete system according to the principles of Galen and Hippocrates.
داستان ملاقات راوی است در طی یک مکاشفه با فرزانهای در کسوت انسانی به نام حی بن یقضان (زنده فرزند بیداری)، که ابتدا پاسخ پرسشهای راوی در مورد علم فراست و روش رسیدن به معرفت شهودی را میدهد و سپس سفری بین عوالم مختلف را شرح میدهد. سفری شبیه به معراج رسول یا کمدی الهی دانته یا آنچه در رساله الطیر احمد غزالی و آثار مشابه دیگر آمده. اصل داستان به عربی است و شاگرد ابن سینا، جوزجانی، آن را به فارسی ترجمه کرده و شرح و تفسیری به آن افزوده که البته چندان گرهگشا نیست و رمزها غالبا پابرجاست.