Barbara Coombs Lee (President, Compassionate Choices): She was a lawyer who was one of the three top petitioners who filed the Oregon Death with Dignity Act in 1994, which was not fully adopted until 2006. John F. Kennedy said, “My mother died surrounded by her friends and her family and her books. She did it in her own way and on her own terms. And we all feel lucky for that.” Dying in America is a terrible mess. We torture people with treatments that are futile and enormously burdensome, robbing them of the precious quality of their remaining days, robbing them of the time they would otherwise want to devote to the priorities of their lives, the legacy of memories they would like to leave their loved ones. We concentrate on extending the absolute duration of life irrespective of how dismal and degraded and burdensome the quality of that life might be. 40% of people have an ICU admission in the last thirty days of life. Finish strong in a way that a way that aligns with your priorities. Live your last precious months or weeks according to the things that give you the most joy. If you are asked to make decisions when I cannot, know this above all: my values. We must learn to ask, when any test or treatment is proposed, how efficacious it is, how many have had their lives extended by this treatment. Extended by how much? At what cost? What are the burdens of this treatment? How much time does it take? How will I feel afterward? Will I be able to do the things I enjoy? We don’t realize that it may be futile and it may be robbing us of our quality of life and our precious time.
Lori Wallace-Pushinaitis (terminal cancer patient) & Dr. Catherine Sonquist Forest: Lori has the BRCA gene from her mom and got breast cancer at the age of 39. Lori: all my life I have been a control freak. But it doesn’t work with cancer. However, now I can control how I die. In hospice I was trained to go ahead and turn up the mediation for my AIDS patients to ease suffering, knowing that it would hasten death. I ask questions about what a patient wants to do, what kinds of goals she might have, would treatment keep you from being with your kids. Developing a prognosis is not an exact science, but giving people a sense of how much time they have is liberating. They can live the life that they have. Before 1950, most people died suddenly. The age that most people lived to was around 60 or 70, and people would die of a stroke or heart attack or an accident or infection. What’s happened now, is that people die slowly.
Christina Puchalski (Palliative care physician): A physician who supported palliative care and works with the Vatican and Pope. I am concerned that in this society and in other countries where euthanasia is legal, I wonder what that says about our respect for life, for quality of life, for caring for people. When my patients request it, I ask them why, and what their concerns are. The concerns are, first, pain management, and symptom management. Palliative care can manage that. Are we giving a message that when you get to that point, there’s not a lot of opportunity for meaning and purpose and joy? If people were open to mystery and to the unknown, so many wonderful things might happen. One of the main reasons for the request for aid in dying or euthanasia is actually spiritual or existential distress. Chaplains and other spiritual care professionals can help alleviate that kind of distress. I haven’t met a single colleague who feels totally comfortable with aid in dying. I think another answer is to honor that time, to sit and listen and to train people to be present, to support families, to understand that the path isn’t easy. I was raised by a family who gave the experience of loving life and valuing life and seeing the good in both suffering and joy, and that’s accepting life. To be able to honor life in all its dimensions and not to have anyone feel that somehow they’re less valuable because they are homeless or because they’re dying or because they have their diapers changed or they can’t stand up anymore, or walk or speak or think clearly. We don’t always know what we want, and this gets back to our generation of wanting to control everything. What you say today, what I say today, may not be what we say when we are facing our deaths. There is freedom when people let go of these plans and such joy that can come into their lives. I would love for us to just be present in the moment to everybody, and to ourselves in particular. And be open to where our lives may turn.
Dan Diaz (widower of Brittany Maynard): Brittany (brain tumor) moved from California to Oregon in order to take advantage of the aid in dying act there. You can cry because it is over or smile because it happened.
Martha Kay Nelson (director of spiritual care): I know people have a hard time having these conversations, particularly early on, before they’re even sick. And then they get sick and it’s crisis time, and those decisions have to be made quickly. What do you say when a patient comes to you? My initial response as a chaplain would be one of curiosity. I’d be interested in learning more about their thoughts and why they’re asking. Death Cafes are a forum for people to have conversations about dying. I also think reaching children is important. I think that in our death-denying culture, children are really shielded from all things involved with death. You’re keeping them from something that is integral to life for all of us.
Heather Massey (death educator): Instrumental in bringing death cafes to Massachusetts. It’s an important part of life that has been hidden for so long. Death now happens generally in a hospital of facility, or behind closed doors. We don’t interact with the dying, and so it’s unfamiliar. I think that’s where the fear comes from: death just doesn’t seem normal. Only a few decades ago, Grandpa used to die at home, and the family cared for him and maybe his body afterward. We’ve hidden ourselves from death. Talking about death can be a life-affirming exercise.
Rev. William Lamar (African Methodist Episcopal Church): There are things that persons of African descent in America have to worry about. He needs guarantees that people would be treated fairly, equitably, and humanely. A good death to him would be to be surrounded by those I love, to feel like, hopefully, prayerfully, that I had fulfilled much of my purpose for being alive and to be able as much as possible, to make decisions that resonate with who I am at the time of death.
Dr. Roger Kligler (supporter medical aid in dying): He has prostate cancer and gets a radical prostatectomy as treatment. I believe in patient autonomy. The patient is the boss of his or her own decision making, and that’s the way it works most of the time. Death is not an enemy, death is inevitable, and to be afraid of what’s inevitable will blind you from living the life you should be living. And physicians need to realize this. I would tell patients that my goal was not to keep them living forever, but to try to keep them as healthy as possible. I am 66-years-old and feel as though I’m having this wonderful experience of living a second life. I call it my gift of cancer, that I’ve been able to go past the fact that I’m going to die, and to appreciate my life much more. If I die after all my years, that’s not a tragedy. The world isn’t made for us to be here in it. The world will go on without us, and we need to accept that. Once you accept that, life becomes much more beautiful.
Stella Dawson-Klein (widow of Mary Klein): Mary developed ovarian cancer and was instrumental in the passage of medical aid in dying in the Washington DC area. A good death is a loving death, and to be able to live to the fullest and live to the very end, to be able to live each moment. Death is part of living and it’s a difficult journey, but the more we make it a part of our lives, the more joyful a journey it is.
Dr. Katalin Roth (Mary Klein’s doctor): There was a registry for doctors who were willing to give prescriptions for medical aid in dying, but that was taken down. She met Mary because her physician referred her to Dr. Roth. It’s really hard for physicians to talk about death with patients. And some people really need to talk about what’s in store for them and what they are experiencing. Good death would be fairly private at the end, but not alone, if I could help it.
Mary Cheh (professor constitutional law): She felt like it was the right moment to bring the medical aid in dying forward, the health chair of the committee asked her to wait and she did for ten years. The terminal medical condition is listed on the death certificate, not assisted suicide.
Eric Luedtke (delegate, Maryland): He was a junior high teacher and then went into legislation. His mom had esophageal cancer and suffered much at the end. Before she died he did NOT support medical aid in dying, but he did afterward. He was concerned about normalizing suicide. Public opinion is shifting nationwide.
Alexa Fraser (death with dignity supporter): She was diagnosed with uterine cancer. She also cared for her dad (who had Parkinson’s) who attempted suicide twice before being successful the third time. She was the oldest person in a class on death with dignity and a younger student said it was important for her generation. Her response: you’ve opted out? It’s really worth remembering that none of us gets out of here alive.
Father John Tuohey (Roman Catholic Priest): We are creatures. We have a Creator who creates life and does not take life. Part of that created order is that there is a natural way that we die and return to our creator. And so as his creatures, we shouldn’t take control over the process but let it unfold as nature would have it. The Catholic approach is that there’s a difference between doing something that directly causes a person’s death, and dying as a result of something that we’re doing to try to help the person. If you had decided on medical aid in dying and were a Catholic and you wanted to be anointed (of the sick), you could be anointed, but you wouldn’t receive the last rites, because they carry the sacrament of reconciliation. With regard to Oregon expanding it’s law (to other populations): Most voters supported it because of the limits to it, then yes you have broken a promise because as a voter it didn’t go that far, and I can’t change my vote now. Catholics oppose the action but will not make a judgment upon the person (patient) who does it.
William “Bill” Roberts (terminal cancer patient/friend of authors): He was a chemist and program manager of nuclear weapons at Rocky Flats Plant. He had prostate cancer and ended up dying without taking the end of life drugs.
Dr. Lonny Shavelson (Director of Bay Area, end of Life Options): His medical practice is devoted to aid in dying requests. His mom had severe Crohn’s and began asking him to help her die when he was 12 years old. When they say that they can take care of anybody’s end-of-life situation and make it as comfortable as the patient wants, they cannot be right, because nothing is effective all the time. There is a new way of doing medicine, which is to listen to the patient. Access to medical care is unevenly distributed in all aspects throughout our state. When someone receives a terminal diagnosis, they wait to see how sick they get. The 15-day waiting period is the problem as many patients die during it. He is a proponent of the doctor being there, helping if needed, and eventually getting laws passed to have it be through IV meds.
Deborah Gatzek Kratter (attorney at law/Dr. Shavelson’s patient): She was diagnosed with pancreatic cancer and immediately found a doctor who would help her. She is on her second round of chemotherapy (which has caused several bones to break in her feet, she also has neuropathy). The most common red line is wearing diapers, but after pooping in bed without diapers for a couple of days, they’re so grateful to have those diapers. This is what we call the moving the line in the sand. The question is what is that real line in the sand that patient’s won’t cross? The cost is $2600 for their end of life services.
Dr.David Grube (lecture to 2nd year medical students): The first thing to remember is that the annual mortality rate does not change. I think that it is important to remind ourselves that death is not the enemy – we’re all going to die. The enemy is terminal suffering. Just having the conversation about aid in dying is palliative in and of itself. Most people do not choose aid in dying because of extreme pain. We take care of people, we never abandon them. We honor their choices. It’s not about us, it’s about them. I teach first year students because you have the most open minds about choices and options.
Four Students (at lecture, above): There is a growing movement in the U.S. A challenge will be what to do with patients who have a cognitive decline. This isn’t about me, this is about your journey, and you can ask me any questions you want, but this is not something I can decide for you.
Dr. William Toffler (National Director Compassionate Care): It’s an organization dedicated to giving the best of care at the end of life, and affirming the ethic that all human life is inherently valuable. Barbara was a school bus driver whose cancer had returned. Her insurance said they would not pay for the chemo but they would pay for her euthanasia. Euthanasia doctors are like being the lawyer, judge, and executioner all in one. There is always someone who gains from their death. We don’t really know if the patient took the meds themselves because doctors are not there 84% of the time. There has never been any investigation of any of the assisted suicides in the sate of Oregon because they don’t have the funding.
Allen Christopher Carmicheal (Horticulture, widower of Terry Stein) & Dr. Stephanie Marquet (Terry’s physician): Terry had cognitive impairment (beginning dementia) and bladder cancer. The law required Dr. Marquet to talk to Terry alone before she approved him for aid in dying.
The Honorable Selwa “Lucky” Roosevelt (chief of protocol Reagan administration): Her mother developed dementia and that was devastating to her. Her doctor is not very receptive to what she wants for end of life.
Benjamin Zide (Diane’s grandson): She meets with him and explains what she wants for end of life care. She has him take a video of her speaking her wishes; he sends it to her immediate family. If there is no reasonable expectation of my recovery from mental or physical disability, I request I be allowed to die and not be kept alive by artificial means and heroic measures. I ask that medication be mercifully administered to me for terminal suffering, even if it hastens the moment of my death. I hope that you will feel morally bound to act in accordance with this urgent request.