Sur la pensée passive de Descartes

by Jean-Luc Marion

Après avoir parcouru la théorie de la connaissance cartésienne (Sur l’ontologie grise de Descartes, Vrin, 1975), reconstitué sa doctrine métaphysique du fondement (Sur la théologie blanche de Descartes, Puf, 1981) et articulé sa double onto-théo-logie (Sur le prisme métaphysique de Descartes, Puf, 1986), on entreprend ici de réintégrer dans ce développement les questions, encore obscures et souvent laissées à part de l’ensemble, de la morale et des passions. Cette intégration dépend de la découverte du mode passif de la cogitatio, tel qu’il apparaît dès la VIe Méditation, anticipant d’ailleurs sur le concept phénoménologique de chair (Husserl, Henry). C’est à partir de ce « corps mien », « meum corpus » que se déploient en toute cohérence une morale et une union substantielle de l’âme avec le corps qui livrent vraiment les derniers fruits de la métaphysique cartésienne.

Genres: Philosophy

288 pages, Kindle Edition

First published January 1, 2013

About the author

Jean-Luc Marion is a French philosopher and Catholic theologian whose work bridges phenomenology, modern philosophy, and theology. A former student of Jacques Derrida, he studied at the University of Nanterre, the Sorbonne, and the École normale supérieure under Derrida, Louis Althusser, and Gilles Deleuze, while privately exploring theology with figures such as Louis Bouyer, Jean Daniélou, Henri de Lubac, and Hans Urs von Balthasar. His early academic career included assistant lectureships at the Sorbonne and a doctorate completed in 1980, after which he taught at the University of Poitiers and later directed philosophy programs at the University Paris X – Nanterre and the University of Paris IV (Sorbonne). Marion has also held visiting and endowed professorships at the University of Chicago Divinity School, where he served as John Nuveen Professor and later as Andrew Thomas and Grace McNichols Greeley Professor of Catholic Studies, retiring in 2022. Elected to the Académie Française in 2008, he delivered the 2014 Gifford Lectures at the University of Glasgow and has received numerous honors including the Premio Joseph Ratzinger, the Karl Jaspers Prize, and the Grand Prix de philosophie de l’Académie française. Marion’s philosophical contributions focus on the concept of givenness, radicalizing phenomenology to explore the “saturated phenomenon,” which exceeds the capacities of cognition, and examining love through intentionality, inspired by Emmanuel Levinas. His major works include God Without Being, Réduction et donation, Étant donné, and Du surcroît, addressing idolatry, love, the gift, and the limits of perception. Marion’s thought has deeply influenced contemporary debates in philosophy of religion, phenomenology, and theology, emphasizing how phenomena show themselves prior to consciousness, how love implicates the invisible other, and how the gift and givenness constitute the foundational conditions for understanding being, knowledge, and relationality.

Reviews

[Krit Chanwong]

I knew that Heidegger's critique of Descartes in S.27-32 of Being and Time felt off. However, I was unable to provide an objection to it, and thus had to accept it. Marion does a wonderful job of showing why a 'substance oriented' refutation of Descartes is not enough to show that he was wrong. This work is simply so extraordinary that I'm not too sure what I can say to review it.

[Liam Marsh]

Jean Luc Marion offers a unique view of Descartes’ view of the body and soul. That is, Descartes does not understand the soul and body as separate, but instead the body is defined as the “I” embodying reality. Although I agree with Marion’s anthropology, I think he misreads Descartes and dualism in general.