Recently, Zondervan Academic put out “The Qur’an with Christian Commentary,” which is edited by Gordon Nickel and features the English translation of A.J. Droge. Having had a chance to use it for a month now, I have found it to be a very good study edition of the Qur’an for research purposes, whether that is for academics or apologetics. The Introduction assumes that the reader already has some prior knowledge of the Qur’an. It focuses on Islamic origins, Qur’anic polemics towards other religions, the history of its interpretation, and modern academic study of the Qur’an. Nickel also explains his general methodology here, stating:
“This commentary treats the text of the Quran as literature and describes its contents largely through literary analysis. The commentary proceeds from the understanding that respect is best shown to Muslims by taking their beliefs seriously and responding authentically. Non-Muslims who do not accept the Muslim claim that the contents of the Quran are revealed by God cannot honestly treat the Quran as divine scripture.
After describing the contents of the Quran, this commentary will often provide further information on traditional Muslim interpretations, the narrative framework offered by the traditional Muslim stories about Muhammad, and critical academic perspectives, as well as analyses and responses to many important themes in the Quran.” (pg. 14)
In reviewing this volume, I will be focusing on the translation, the commentary, and the articles, which I will each discuss in turn.
First off, with the translation, this edition uses the English translation of A.J. Droge, which was originally published as “The Qur'an: A New Annotated Translation” (Equinox Publishing, 2013). This English translation is unique among translations in that it tries to be as word-for-word literal in its rendering of the Arabic text as possible, sometimes copying the syntax of the original Arabic even when it sounds awkward or unnatural in the English (similar to the NASB and ESV in English Bible translations). This is very helpful for highlighting elements of the Arabic text that are often obscured by English translation.
Sometimes this literal translation even reveals grammatical or syntactical abnormalities in the Arabic text. Three examples will suffice. First, S 2.177 is translated as “Piety is not turning your faces towards the East and the West, but (true) piety (belongs to) the one who believes in God and the Last Day . . .” Note the insertions in brackets. This was done because of a problem in the Arabic where piety (ٱلۡبِرَّ) is used first as an abstract noun, and then as a substantive adjective (other translations would normally render the second instance of ٱلۡبِرَّ as “the pious/righteous one”), even though the word is never used that way elsewhere, and it is highly unlikely that the same word would be used in such divergent ways within the same sentence. For this reason, Michael Cook mentions this as an example of an outright grammatical error in the Oxford introduction to the Qur’an (Oxford University Press, 2000).
Similarly, S 26.16, Droge’s translation states: “Surely we are the messenger of the Lord of the Worlds.” This captures the awkward use of a singular noun for a plural pronoun (إِنَّا رَسُولُ). Every other translation obscures this by rendering رَسُولُ as “messengers,” even though it is clearly a singular noun. The only two ways of explaining this is that it is either a grammatical error or a vocalization error (the ayah could be fixed if one simply changed the noun to the plural form رٗسٗل).
Another syntactical anomaly is in S 47.19, which is translated as “Know that He—(there is) no god but God.” If it sounds odd in English, that is because the Arabic is also odd. The syntactic awkwardness comes from the fact that the word انّ has a superfluous pronominal suffix attached to it. It doesn't need to be there; it just makes the sentence sound unnatural.
These are just a few of the grammatical anomalies found in the Arabic that one wouldn’t normally find reflected by most English translation, but is reflected in Droge’s translation thanks to his consistent use of formal equivalence in rendering the syntax of the Arabic.
Next, there is the commentary placed in the notes of the volume. The notes are less comprehensive than other study editions because they’re not meant to cover every ayah exhaustively. Instead, the notes cover specific words and phrases that are significant to someone interested in the doctrinal content, interactions with other faiths, or parallels with other texts such as the Bible. Occasionally, classical commentaries such as al-Tabari, al-Razi and al-Baidawi are referenced, but this is not done frequently. Verses that are particularly important to Jewish and Christian readers get special treatment. For example, S 4.157 has a relatively lengthy explanation on the ayah’s relevance to Islamic denials of the crucifixion, and the theological challenges this creates. Another lengthy explanation can be found in S 46.12, which delves into the meaning of the word “confirming” (مُّصَدِّقٌ۬), and how this relates to the Qur’anic confirmation of the previous scriptures.
Finally, there are the articles written by different contributors that are interspersed throughout the text. There are twenty such articles, each of which deals with some particular aspect of the text. Some concern doctrinal themes, such as salvation and eschatology. Others concern personalities that appear in the text, such as Abraham, Moses and Jesus. And then there are articles that discuss hot button issues such as the Qur’anic concept of jihad, and the textual transmission of the Qur’an. Most of these articles are short, spanning about 2-4 pages each. They cover each topic just enough for the reader to have a basic understanding of the topic, as well as which ayat are relevant to each one. Personally, I would have preferred it if these articles were longer and more comprehensive. Some topics are treated briefly that could use much more elaboration (such as the discussion of Jesus’ death in pg. 314, or the early Shi’I view on the corruption of the Qur’an in pg. 538).
In its general design, it is similar to “The Study Qur’an” edited by Seyyed Hossein Nasr and others (HarperOne, 2015). Both are well-suited towards in-depth study and both were produced with high academic quality. Their focus tends to be a bit different ,however. “The Study Qur’an” is focused more on the Qur’an as read through the classical tradition, and thus leans heavily on classical commentaries for its content, as well as explaining the history of Qur’anic Study. It also has fewer but much lengthier articles on Qur’anic themes, and the study notes are much more comprehensive. By contrast, “The Qur’an with Christian Commentary” is focused more on a comparative religion angle, highlighting materials that are relevant to non-Muslim readers (especially Jewish or Christian), such as doctrinal themes and Biblical parallels. In that sense, it is more specialized in its focus than the Study Qur’an.
While I found this volume to be generally good, I am slightly critical of the formatting of the book. For example, the commentary notes are differentiated from the text by being in a different font, but are otherwise about the same size as the main text. This takes up more space than is necessary, and the book could be made significantly smaller if the notes were in a smaller font size. Also, a separate table of contents for the articles would be nice, so that it would be easier to find them, rather than having to find them among the surahs.
Overall, this is a good academic volume to get if one is interested in studying the Qur’an from a comparative religions standpoint. It is well suited for college or university level courses on Islam at an undergraduate level, as it will go a long way towards making the Qur’an more comprehensible to students. It is also well suited for interfaith dialogues, as it highlights themes and topics that are likely to come up in such dialogues.