Not what I expected?
Notes:
- The notion that our intelligence resides primarily in our brains has deep roots in Western philosophy. Rene Descartes' famous declaration, I think, therefore I am, cemented the idea of the mind as separate from, and indeed superior to, the body.
- This philosophical view, called dualism, has permeated our understanding of intelligence for centuries. Beginning in the 20th century, it was reinforced by the advent of computers and the attractive analogy between computers and the brain. However, not only is this analogy a misleading one, it also carries an assumption within it that is misleading in its own way—a brain-centric notion of intelligence. The view of intelligence fails to account for the myriad ways our bodies inform our understanding of the world.
- When a martial artist anticipates an opponent's move, when a surfer reads the waves, or when a nurse detects a patient's distress before any monitor sends a signal, they're drawing on knowledge that resides not just in their minds, but also in their bodies.
- It's the reason why virtual reality can induce genuine fear, why actors use physical techniques to access emotions, and why muscle memory is crucial in sports, music, and beyond. Embodied cognition doesn't negate the importance of our remarkable brains. Rather, it paints a more complete picture of human intelligence as an intricate interplay between mind and body, each informing and enhancing the other. This holistic view of intelligence offers new avenues for education, artificial intelligence development, and our understanding of human cognition.
- Neuroimaging studies have demonstrated that repeated practice of a skill leads to increased myelination of relevant neural pathways—a process that enhances the speed and efficiency of transmitted signals.
- Empathy and Memory in the Body Empathy, the fourth component of embodied knowledge, highlights how our bodies play a profound role in helping us understand and connect with others. When we witness someone in distress, our own bodies react. Our heart rate increases. We may feel a nod in our stomach.
- This bodily basis for empathy is vividly exemplified in the technique known as method acting, a style of performance in which actors deeply immerse themselves in their characters' experiences. Rather than simply portraying emotions through manipulating their external expressions, method actors strive to feel the emotions of their characters authentically. They engage in a form of embodied simulation, physically and emotionally aligning themselves with the character's inner world. This process requires going beyond merely intellectual understanding. Actors must draw on their own bodily memories, sensations, and emotions, effectively blurring the lines between their own identities and their characters.