Ever since a beloved elderly family member was diagnosed with advanced Alzheimer's a few months ago, I've been reading books on the topic, to try to get a sense of what the world is like for her and others diagnosed with dementia. And like many people middle-aged and older, I worry that I might be one of the 37% who develop some form of dementia by the time we reach our 90s. Surveys shows that many people fear Alzheimer's more than they fear cancer.
As a chaplain working with older adults, Harper explores the cultural beliefs and biases associated with dementia. For personal reasons, she views dementia as almost an inevitability, suggesting that there are two kinds of people in the world--those who now have dementia, and those who do not yet have it. Who is at risk? "Anyone who plans to grow old." She has changed her personal lexicon from "if I get to dementia" to "when I get dementia." (pp. 192-193)
I am not quite that pessimistic.
Nevertheless, the book is useful. The author begins by explaining the basic science behind dementia as it's currently understood. "The cells that comprise our bodies routinely break down or slough off and new ones take their place. Some cells, like neurons, die and are never replaced." (p. 19) That accounts for the memory loss, word loss, confusion, anxiety, delusions, and other cognitive/emotional effects of the condition.
The author's best writing comes when she cites other researchers in the field: "The memory lapses experienced by Alzheimer's patients is similar to the poor memory we have of dreams once we awaken from them." (p.137) Others compare dementia as inhabiting a world between sleep and awakeness. Those insights, she says, serve as empathetic portals to the world of dementia. (p. 138)
So far, so good. The author goes on to posit that the caregiving community is undergoing (or needs to undergo) a shift in the cultural views of the condition, from viewing persons with dementia as problems to be managed, in need of physical care only, to that of complex individuals living within complex social environments.
A large part of the author's message is to change the way dementia is viewed, starting with how people with dementia are referred to and treated. They are "persons with dementia" and "people diagnosed with dementia," not "dementia victims" or "sufferers."
The author takes issue with other cultural biases that, she says, actually accelerate neurological decline in the vulnerable: infantilization, stigmatization, banishment, objectification, disparagement, and other negative attitudes. She cites researchers who point out that as the degree of neurological impairment increases, the person's need for psychosocial care increases. Yet what traditionally happens is the opposite--neglect and isolation, which increase neurological impairment. Conversely, person centered, individual care decreases depression, agitation, loneliness, boredom, and helplessness. She labels this "social death." "On top of physical and mental losses, persons with dementia often suffer social losses." (p. 164) Thus, the title of the book "On Vanishing."
In the second half of the book, the author goes so far as to explore the concept of dementia as a sort of spiritual gift, opening up new and uplifting avenues of insight for the individual. Her aim is to give people with dementia, people who are worried that they will be burdens to their families, and others an alternative to three commonplace ways of dealing with the prospect of dementia: "naïve denial, grim resignation, or life-ending escape." (p. 202) This is where she loses me, primarily because her prose shifts from logical and almost scholarly to rambling and speculative.
At one point, Harper offers one concrete piece of practical advice for those worried they are at risk or who are showing early signs of cognitive lapses: Write a living will with specific instructions should things go off the rails. Approach the task like a vision statement, she says, with very specific language, not just checked boxes: "If I cannot feed myself, I do not want to be fed." (p. 203) If the author had offered more of such wisdom, I would have given the book more stars.
The author concludes by advocating for a more dementia-friendly (and therefore human-friendly) world. Easier said than done. "I confess that most of the programs I plan assume a high level of cognitive ability. It is hard to keep in mind the needs of those we don't regularly see. And we don't regularly see the people for whom our communities are not designed." (pp. 215-216)
I can certainly relate to that: I'm in my eighth decade of life and fairly proficient with technology. But so often, I find myself baffled and frustrated by tasks of modern life that used to be simple: self-checkout kiosks to buy groceries, electronic parking meters to park my car, using QR codes to read menus, etc. Imagine how difficult navigating such tasks are for people with even mild cognitive impairment? No wonder old people are isolated and depressed.
The pragmatist in me wonders just how that dementia-friendly world might be accomplished. Maybe that's another book.