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Very Short Introductions #354
Marine Biology: A Very Short Introduction
The oceans are our planet's most distinctive and imposing natural habitat. They cover 71 per cent of its surface; support a remarkably diverse and exquisitely adapted array of life forms, from microscopic viruses, bacteria, and plankton to the largest existing animals; and possess many of Earth's most significant, intriguing, and inaccessible ecosystems. In an era in which humans are significantly altering the global environment, the oceans are undergoing rapid andprofound changes. The study of marine biology is thus taking on added importance and urgency as people struggle to understand and manage these changes to protect our marine ecosystems. Healthy oceans produce half of the oxygen we breathe; stabilize our climate; create ecosystems that protect ourcoasts from storms; provide us with abundant food; and host diverse organisms that provide us with natural products for medicine and biotechnology.In this Very Short Introduction, marine biologist Philip Mladenov provides an accessible and up-to-date overview of marine biology, offering a tour of marine life and marine processes that ranges from the unimaginably abundant microscopic organisms that drive the oceans' food web to the apex predators that we exploit for food; from polar ocean ecosystems to tropical coral reefs; and from the luxurious kelp beds of the coastal ocean to deep-ocean hydrothermal vents where life existswithout the energy of the sun. Throughout the book he considers the human impacts on marine life including overfishing, plastic and nutrient pollution, the spread of exotic species, and ocean warming and acidification. He discusses the threats these pose to our welfare, and the actions required to put us on apath to a more sustainable relationship with our oceans so that they can be restored and protected for future generations. Mladenov concludes with a new chapter offering an inspiring vision for the future of our oceans in 2050 that can be realised if we are wise enough to accelerate actions already underway and be bold with implementing new approaches.The next decade will decide the state of the oceans that we leave behind for future generations.ABOUT THE Very Short Introductions series from Oxford University Press contains hundreds of titles in almost every subject area. These pocket-sized books are the perfect way to get ahead in a new subject quickly. Our expert authors combine facts, analysis, perspective, new ideas, and enthusiasm to make interesting and challenging topics highly readable.
224 pages, Kindle Edition
First published July 1, 2013
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April 22, 2025
Marine Biology In The Very Short Introduction Series
The ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle said that "all men by nature desire to know". The "very short introduction" series of Oxford University Press offers an excellent way to pursue the breadth of the desire to know in many varied subjects and endeavors. For example, the study reviewed here, the 354th book in the series, is Philip Mladenov's recent very short introduction to Marine Biology (2013). According to OUP, the book is the only short introduction currently available on the subject. It explores well the sources, nature, and diversity of marine life. Over the years, I have explored bits and pieces of the subject but this book was my first cohesive overview. Mladenov is a former Professor of Marine Science at the University of Otago, New Zealand and currently serves as Director of Seven Seas Consulting, LTD. Mladenov has over 35 years experience in his subject.
A book introducing marine biology might be devoted to presenting unusual, exotic examples of sea life, but Mladenov approaches his subject far more systematically. Mladenov points out that the marine environment covers 71 percent of the earth and includes its largest repository of living matter. He argues that because people are beginning to appreciate fully the importance of the marine environment to their lives, "a solid understanding of marine biology is more important than ever before". His book has the threefold aim of providing an overview of marine life and environment, considering the role marine life plays in the broader environment, and showing the impacts of human activity on marine life.
The book takes a holistic approach. It begins with a brief overview of vital components of marine life, such as the chemistry of the oceans, the geography of the ocean floor, light and its importance, winds and circulation, temperature, water pressure, and more. The discussion is valuable in understanding the ecology of the ocean and the interrelated character of physical, chemical, geographical, and biological studies. The book then works up to offer a view of the ocean's "primary producers" -- the tiny forms of life that photosynthesize in the ocean and provide the basis for the entire food chain. The book then considers the various areas of marine life, emphasizing the unique conditions impacting each of them. These areas include, the coastal ocean, the polar regions, tropical marine life, particularly involving coral reefs, marine life in the deep seas, and life in the intertidal region. A final chapter discusses the ocean as a food source, with emphasis of the problem of overfishing.
Each chapter offers a wealth of detailed if necessarily brief information. The author introduces and uses technical terms to the extent useful in understanding concepts. The chapters are well-organized as they generally begin with introductory information, work through small plants and animals and proceed to consider larger marine life. He shows the nature of, for example, seagrass, in the biological chain and then considers as well various factors that can upset ecological balance. Each chapter concludes with a discussion of the ways people and their activities impact the marine environment. Mladenov is particularly concerned with the possible long-range consequences of global warming. Mladenov concludes that finding a "globally holistic approach" to managing the environment and the oceans constitutes "human society's greatest challenge over the next twenty to thirty years". He writes, ""the decisions made will determine the future of the Global Ocean, the largest and most important habitat on the planet."
The material in this book is factually dense. OUP and Mladenov have made available a Reading Guide which consists of a series of questions testing the reader's understanding of the facts and concepts presented in the book. The guide may be used by individual readers or by reading groups. Here is an example of a question: "Why are seagrasses often referred to as 'turtle grass'? Does your group consider that seagrasses are important to human society? Why?" The detailed questions encourage a careful rather than a cursory reading of the study.
Readers wanting to explore the nature of marine biology and to expand the scope of their knowledge will enjoy this book and its companions in the very short introductions series.
Robin Friedman
The ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle said that "all men by nature desire to know". The "very short introduction" series of Oxford University Press offers an excellent way to pursue the breadth of the desire to know in many varied subjects and endeavors. For example, the study reviewed here, the 354th book in the series, is Philip Mladenov's recent very short introduction to Marine Biology (2013). According to OUP, the book is the only short introduction currently available on the subject. It explores well the sources, nature, and diversity of marine life. Over the years, I have explored bits and pieces of the subject but this book was my first cohesive overview. Mladenov is a former Professor of Marine Science at the University of Otago, New Zealand and currently serves as Director of Seven Seas Consulting, LTD. Mladenov has over 35 years experience in his subject.
A book introducing marine biology might be devoted to presenting unusual, exotic examples of sea life, but Mladenov approaches his subject far more systematically. Mladenov points out that the marine environment covers 71 percent of the earth and includes its largest repository of living matter. He argues that because people are beginning to appreciate fully the importance of the marine environment to their lives, "a solid understanding of marine biology is more important than ever before". His book has the threefold aim of providing an overview of marine life and environment, considering the role marine life plays in the broader environment, and showing the impacts of human activity on marine life.
The book takes a holistic approach. It begins with a brief overview of vital components of marine life, such as the chemistry of the oceans, the geography of the ocean floor, light and its importance, winds and circulation, temperature, water pressure, and more. The discussion is valuable in understanding the ecology of the ocean and the interrelated character of physical, chemical, geographical, and biological studies. The book then works up to offer a view of the ocean's "primary producers" -- the tiny forms of life that photosynthesize in the ocean and provide the basis for the entire food chain. The book then considers the various areas of marine life, emphasizing the unique conditions impacting each of them. These areas include, the coastal ocean, the polar regions, tropical marine life, particularly involving coral reefs, marine life in the deep seas, and life in the intertidal region. A final chapter discusses the ocean as a food source, with emphasis of the problem of overfishing.
Each chapter offers a wealth of detailed if necessarily brief information. The author introduces and uses technical terms to the extent useful in understanding concepts. The chapters are well-organized as they generally begin with introductory information, work through small plants and animals and proceed to consider larger marine life. He shows the nature of, for example, seagrass, in the biological chain and then considers as well various factors that can upset ecological balance. Each chapter concludes with a discussion of the ways people and their activities impact the marine environment. Mladenov is particularly concerned with the possible long-range consequences of global warming. Mladenov concludes that finding a "globally holistic approach" to managing the environment and the oceans constitutes "human society's greatest challenge over the next twenty to thirty years". He writes, ""the decisions made will determine the future of the Global Ocean, the largest and most important habitat on the planet."
The material in this book is factually dense. OUP and Mladenov have made available a Reading Guide which consists of a series of questions testing the reader's understanding of the facts and concepts presented in the book. The guide may be used by individual readers or by reading groups. Here is an example of a question: "Why are seagrasses often referred to as 'turtle grass'? Does your group consider that seagrasses are important to human society? Why?" The detailed questions encourage a careful rather than a cursory reading of the study.
Readers wanting to explore the nature of marine biology and to expand the scope of their knowledge will enjoy this book and its companions in the very short introductions series.
Robin Friedman
January 9, 2022
For a short introduction, this book provided a ton of interesting information about the various ecosystems in the oceans. I liked the set up of the book too how it started each chapter with a baseline of the ecosystem, humanity’s negative impacts, and methods currently or planned to restore the ecosystem.
August 26, 2024
Fascinating. A resource for my current manuscript, while adding colour to my passion pursuits.
Friends, on the first Tuesday of the month I send out a short newsletter with updates on my novel-in-progress, a glimpse of one writer's life in small-town coastal Tofino, and a link to the month's free eBooks of various authors. It’s my privilege to stay connected to those who appreciate my work. If interested, and to receive a free copy of the award winning Immortal North, please sign up here: www.luckydollarmedia.com
Friends, on the first Tuesday of the month I send out a short newsletter with updates on my novel-in-progress, a glimpse of one writer's life in small-town coastal Tofino, and a link to the month's free eBooks of various authors. It’s my privilege to stay connected to those who appreciate my work. If interested, and to receive a free copy of the award winning Immortal North, please sign up here: www.luckydollarmedia.com
September 10, 2017
This was an exceedingly readable, broad overview of the subject touching on everything from ocean acidification, kelp forests, individual species, isolated habitats feeding into the wider system (like seamounts), trophic levels, polar and deep-ocean biology.
It should come as no surprise that the oceanic marine system is taking a substantial beating, largely due to human activity, from eutrophication (ex. agricultural run-off creating coastal dead zones), overfishing (particularly overfishing areas which can’t recover quickly enough), ocean acidification, pollution (the plastic, oils, sewage), mismanagement (Gulf of Mexico oil spill), shipping patterns (taking along predatory hitchhikers in the ballast waters, extending their invasive abilities to new areas), uh global warming, ozone depletion (severely reduces the plankton populations, a low tropic level that creates food scarcity for bigger fish), and so forth. For the largest habitat on the planet, the Global Ocean is pretty under-valued for its huge impact on the rest of the wider ecosystem.
This little volume does an excellent job of laying a framework and drawing everything together, from big systems like The Great Oceanic Conveyer, which distributes heat, oxygen, and nutrients globally, to food webs and trophic levels, which demonstrate the food chains in isolated habitats and make it clear why there is a limited maximum production for annual fisheries (it’s hovered at or around 80 million tons a year for many years).
The dismaying growth in ocean acidification really jumped out at me. The falling pH levels of the ocean are making it increasingly difficult for corals or animals with calcium carbonate shells (clams, oysters, sea urchins, starfish) to survive and regenerate. Floating larval forms are almost unable to manufacture new skeletal systems in the highly acidic waters, which has a huge impact on the wider systems they are part of. Other destructive imbalances, like a kelp forest getting overtaken by a booming sea urchin population, have increased the number of coastal dead zones, which would take another disastrous event (for the sea urchins) to rebalance, and many years for species recovery.
I also learned about my new favorite fish: the anglerfish! The anglerfish gets it name for this creepy lil growth called an esca, which stands up like a cowlick with a fleshy blob on the end. The anglerfish uses it LIKE A FISHING POLE so other fish might come up and inspect the small ‘fish’, only to get completely guzzled by the anglerfish with its gigantic drop jaw and capacity to eat gigantic fish. Not only that! It’s solved the problem of finding a mate by making the male species a tiny parasitic form that literally lives its life attached permanently to the female.
Another deet that blew my mind: the Sargasso Sea is not just some literary device or fictional place guys. It’s the name of the huge, still region at the center of the Atlantic that doesn’t participate in the huge gyre and drift system, measuring 3,000 x 1,000 kilometers.
The one that literally blew my mind to smithereens though: krill. Holy moly. Krill are one of the most – if not the most – abundant animals on planet earth. Their collective biomass MIGHT EVEN BE MORE THAN ALL HUMANS. 500 million tons! And they can survive up to 200 days without food!
Okay, last fun fact for you is about mangrove root systems. Do yourself a favour and look those guys up. They send out tons of tangled prop roots to stay … rooted in their system, but then these roots send up lil snorkel-like lenticels that look like tons of peg legs.
Needless to say, this is less of a ‘review’ and more of a repository for the most fascinating and bewildering details that stood out to me. In my new job, I’m largely working in the marine sciences and have a lot to learn.
It should come as no surprise that the oceanic marine system is taking a substantial beating, largely due to human activity, from eutrophication (ex. agricultural run-off creating coastal dead zones), overfishing (particularly overfishing areas which can’t recover quickly enough), ocean acidification, pollution (the plastic, oils, sewage), mismanagement (Gulf of Mexico oil spill), shipping patterns (taking along predatory hitchhikers in the ballast waters, extending their invasive abilities to new areas), uh global warming, ozone depletion (severely reduces the plankton populations, a low tropic level that creates food scarcity for bigger fish), and so forth. For the largest habitat on the planet, the Global Ocean is pretty under-valued for its huge impact on the rest of the wider ecosystem.
This little volume does an excellent job of laying a framework and drawing everything together, from big systems like The Great Oceanic Conveyer, which distributes heat, oxygen, and nutrients globally, to food webs and trophic levels, which demonstrate the food chains in isolated habitats and make it clear why there is a limited maximum production for annual fisheries (it’s hovered at or around 80 million tons a year for many years).
The dismaying growth in ocean acidification really jumped out at me. The falling pH levels of the ocean are making it increasingly difficult for corals or animals with calcium carbonate shells (clams, oysters, sea urchins, starfish) to survive and regenerate. Floating larval forms are almost unable to manufacture new skeletal systems in the highly acidic waters, which has a huge impact on the wider systems they are part of. Other destructive imbalances, like a kelp forest getting overtaken by a booming sea urchin population, have increased the number of coastal dead zones, which would take another disastrous event (for the sea urchins) to rebalance, and many years for species recovery.
I also learned about my new favorite fish: the anglerfish! The anglerfish gets it name for this creepy lil growth called an esca, which stands up like a cowlick with a fleshy blob on the end. The anglerfish uses it LIKE A FISHING POLE so other fish might come up and inspect the small ‘fish’, only to get completely guzzled by the anglerfish with its gigantic drop jaw and capacity to eat gigantic fish. Not only that! It’s solved the problem of finding a mate by making the male species a tiny parasitic form that literally lives its life attached permanently to the female.
Another deet that blew my mind: the Sargasso Sea is not just some literary device or fictional place guys. It’s the name of the huge, still region at the center of the Atlantic that doesn’t participate in the huge gyre and drift system, measuring 3,000 x 1,000 kilometers.
The one that literally blew my mind to smithereens though: krill. Holy moly. Krill are one of the most – if not the most – abundant animals on planet earth. Their collective biomass MIGHT EVEN BE MORE THAN ALL HUMANS. 500 million tons! And they can survive up to 200 days without food!
Okay, last fun fact for you is about mangrove root systems. Do yourself a favour and look those guys up. They send out tons of tangled prop roots to stay … rooted in their system, but then these roots send up lil snorkel-like lenticels that look like tons of peg legs.
Needless to say, this is less of a ‘review’ and more of a repository for the most fascinating and bewildering details that stood out to me. In my new job, I’m largely working in the marine sciences and have a lot to learn.
June 28, 2018
I have no background in biology whatsoever. Mladenov’s book was nevertheless easy for me to follow and understand. It isn’t a comprehensive look at the subject – but none of the books in this series ever is. Instead, Mladenov concentrates on some of the modern problems concerning the world’s oceans, including environmental issues. This book is very good if you want a general understanding of the earth’s oceans and the animals that inhabit it.
July 23, 2023
4.50 ★ — Yep, this one delivered what it promised. A good amount of information about different topics of
marine science
. Short and precise, non repetitive and easy to understand. I really liked this and I'll definitely check out other books of this
Oxford collection.
January 31, 2022
This book has lots of interesting facts about ocean life as well as how humans are negatively impacting ocean sustainability. He also ends the book with a vision for 2050 where humans are taking better care of our oceans.
June 7, 2022
I was hoping to learn something new from this book, but I, unfortunately, knew much of this introductory material. That being said, it is my fault - it's part of a series called very short introductions. I can not expect the book to be very detailed. That being said, it does what it set out to do every well.
August 8, 2021
Brilliant! Packs so much information into such a tiny book!
November 27, 2018
An interesting and readable introduction to marine biology.
August 1, 2022
popsugar challenge 2022: read a book featuring a man-made disaster
May 23, 2024
Not enough land biology also it’s kinda sad and I feel bad for the kelp and macrocystis and also the scombroids sound lit but like not yummy at all. Don’t recommend
This entire review has been hidden because of spoilers.
May 24, 2023
Interesting overview of Marine Biology. The chapters are The oceanic environment, Marine biological processes, Life in the coastal ocean, Polar marine biology, Marine life in the tropics, Deep-Ocean biology, Intertidal life, Food from the oceans, The future or our oceans.
Fun fact: the males of the anglerfish are crazy small compared to the females.
„Finding a mate in the vastness of the deep ocean is a challenge. Anglerfish have solved this problem through an unusual adaption - the males of most species have been reduced to a tiny parasitic form that attaches itself permanently to the much larger females. His mouth fuses to her body and his blood vessels merge with hers. Thus, a male is always present to fertilize the eggs of the female, eliminating the need for the female to find a mate at breeding time.“
I am still waiting for the Very Short Introduction on whales.
Fun fact: the males of the anglerfish are crazy small compared to the females.
„Finding a mate in the vastness of the deep ocean is a challenge. Anglerfish have solved this problem through an unusual adaption - the males of most species have been reduced to a tiny parasitic form that attaches itself permanently to the much larger females. His mouth fuses to her body and his blood vessels merge with hers. Thus, a male is always present to fertilize the eggs of the female, eliminating the need for the female to find a mate at breeding time.“
I am still waiting for the Very Short Introduction on whales.
September 24, 2023
Really informative but the author’s dense way of writing and the amount of information presented made me feel more like I was preparing for a college exam rather than an enjoyable read.
The book Immune had solved that problem with little jokes here and there and by simplifying the narrative to make it more digestible.
The book Immune had solved that problem with little jokes here and there and by simplifying the narrative to make it more digestible.
September 9, 2024
Jam-packed full of interesting information at a lay person's level. However, there is SO much information presented here that it is more than my poor brain will be able to retain in just one reading. I learned boatloads but need to revisit this one.
May 14, 2024
I still don't understand anything
March 30, 2014
This book was amazing! Considering the (small) size of the book, I was not expecting to learn as much as I did. The book starts out with explaining the ocean physically - currents (surface and deep ocean), temperatures, nutrient content, El Nino oscillations etc, after which it describes each habitat in separate chapters - the polar, the tropical, the coastal, the deep ocean and the intertidal.
There are a lot of fun and interesting facts and this was the first time someone answered the question I had in my mind for a long time - why does the Californian coast seem to have so much more wildlife than say the coast of Florida? Not only is this factually correct, but is also true for west coasts of all continents and is related to the North-East/South-East trade winds - which blow the surface water away from the land mass, which results in upwelling of nutrient rich deep-ocean water which supports life. The Californian and Oregon coast, the coast of Chile and the west coast of India are supposed to be the most productive ecosystems on the planet.
I had never appreciated the fact that coral reefs are equivalent to rain forests and the destruction of reefs is bound to have as serious consequences as the destruction of terrestrial forests.
This book inspires to read more, at the same time it is sad how unhealthy our oceans are getting with every passing day.
October 21, 2017
I have to agree with the reviews posted toward 5 stars. Amazon reviewers know how to showcase what they like and what might buck trendy, showy, or flat out hyped books. I am curious to find out more on this subject...
While this series of books pushed out by Harvard is quite, quite good it offers a lot in the way of 'basics' for those of us that know (next to) nothing about our powerful ecosystem, oceans. Marine Biology is a broad but distant scan of life in the 'Big Blue,' but here it is not disenchanted. Just the oppostite, as a matter of fact.
My favorite chapter was on envasive species. Particularly, The Crown of Thorns starfish (complete with black and white pics) is a turbulent problem to the Australian Coastline. The Aussie's population is located 98% on their coasts, and while the reader may not be aware, the Japanese/Australian governments are actively seeking solutions to this problem. I found this as well as the diagram displaying the 'food chain' very helpful.
All in all the book presented an objective albeit informative view of this specialized science. I would biasly recommend it to anyone wanting to purchase a boat, become a deep sea fisher, or someone that just enjoys learning about life underwater thrives. I was inspired to learn more...
While this series of books pushed out by Harvard is quite, quite good it offers a lot in the way of 'basics' for those of us that know (next to) nothing about our powerful ecosystem, oceans. Marine Biology is a broad but distant scan of life in the 'Big Blue,' but here it is not disenchanted. Just the oppostite, as a matter of fact.
My favorite chapter was on envasive species. Particularly, The Crown of Thorns starfish (complete with black and white pics) is a turbulent problem to the Australian Coastline. The Aussie's population is located 98% on their coasts, and while the reader may not be aware, the Japanese/Australian governments are actively seeking solutions to this problem. I found this as well as the diagram displaying the 'food chain' very helpful.
All in all the book presented an objective albeit informative view of this specialized science. I would biasly recommend it to anyone wanting to purchase a boat, become a deep sea fisher, or someone that just enjoys learning about life underwater thrives. I was inspired to learn more...
April 12, 2022
An excellent introduction to the incredible biodiversity of the oceans and the impacts of climate change on a worldwide scale. The first couple chapters were not quite as engaging as the rest of the book, but were essential for setting up baseline knowledge. The writing and content is very easy to understand from a scientific background, but readers without the same experience may find the content more difficult. I learned a variety of interesting facts from Marine Biology: A Very Short Introduction, and I will now look for Marine Stewardship Council certifications on seafood I buy to ensure it was sustainably fished.
Quotes I found most significant:
“This oceanic heat sink has thus played a major role in shielding humanity from climate change by moderating the rise in atmospheric temperatures that would have occurred otherwise.” (p. 11)
“The next decade will be the one in which society decides the state of life in the oceans that we leave behind for future generations.” (p. 173)
Quotes I found most significant:
“This oceanic heat sink has thus played a major role in shielding humanity from climate change by moderating the rise in atmospheric temperatures that would have occurred otherwise.” (p. 11)
“The next decade will be the one in which society decides the state of life in the oceans that we leave behind for future generations.” (p. 173)
February 22, 2021
This book was great! I'm not enrolled in a marine biology course, but I bought it out of interest and I really appreciated the author's down-to-earth writing style (i.e. not too technical for me), his sharing of fascinating facts about all facets of the Global Ocean, and his ability to balance depressing facts about climate change and overfishing with hopeful projections/suggestions for how we can all help to protect the ocean, and its treasures, for future generations. Highly recommended for anyone wanting a short and accessible introduction to marine biology. (P.S. It's a small book and easily transportable.)
July 28, 2014
Perhaps it was simply the speed at which I read it, but this book felt more like a barrage of facts than a coherent articulation of a theme. I suppose one can expect nothing less of an author with a very impressive CV and a desire to fit as much as possible of such a large subject into a very small space. Nevertheless, it was a barrage of very interesting facts, and harrowing at that - one can scarcely read for two or more pages without reading more about the devastating effects that humans have had, directly or indirectly, on the ocean's environment.
January 10, 2021
Great intro to better understanding the oceans we rely on
Just learned to scuba dive last year, and after some amazing first few dives in Hawaii I felt a need to educate myself more on our marine ecosystems. This book was a perfect introduction and has me now hooked on the subject along with finding ways to help our oceans.
Just learned to scuba dive last year, and after some amazing first few dives in Hawaii I felt a need to educate myself more on our marine ecosystems. This book was a perfect introduction and has me now hooked on the subject along with finding ways to help our oceans.
November 27, 2021
This book takes you to the deepest parts of the ocean and explains how the ocean's heart beats. Who would have known the moon is more explored than the deep ocean itself. To know everything about the ocean, the life in it, and the threat that has been caused to the oceans by us human, this book is perfect.
September 2, 2017
It was a very interesting book about ocean, diffent ecosystems and human impact on it.
I was fascinated by the chapter about deep ocean. I couldn't even imagine all these odd fish, corals and other animals!
I was fascinated by the chapter about deep ocean. I couldn't even imagine all these odd fish, corals and other animals!
June 21, 2021
I learned a lot during this. It was easy to follow.
It's also good to note that most of the book highlighted human impacts and the future of the marine environment. It gave insight into a subject I previously knew little about.
It's also good to note that most of the book highlighted human impacts and the future of the marine environment. It gave insight into a subject I previously knew little about.
October 4, 2017
Informative an eye opening to a novice.
November 21, 2017
buku yang bagus banget baik buat yang baru belajar biologi laut maupun yang pengen tau permasalahan bidang kelautan abad 21
May 25, 2018
Very educational!
Fun fact: Antarctic krill have the largest total biomass of any species in the world, even greater than humans.
Fun fact: Antarctic krill have the largest total biomass of any species in the world, even greater than humans.
June 15, 2018
Very informative and easy to comprehend read to get a sort of insight to my soon be major when I leave for college
January 1, 2019
Great. Informative. Also terrifying.
Displaying 1 - 30 of 51 reviews