This book discusses the issue of whether realities and theories advanced in all fields of philosophy, science, and religion can be reduced to simpler realities and their theories. It brings together many of the most interesting questions today in philosophy (consciousness and computers), in science (issues of complexity and self-organization), and in the study of religion (transcendent realities and naturalistic explanations). It also presents a brief history of how reductionism has developed in Western philosophy and religion, with reference to Indian philosophy on certain issues.