Better Learning Through Structured Teaching: A Framework for the Gradual Release of Responsibility

by Douglas Fisher, Nancy Frey

p>In this updated 2nd edition of the ASCD best-seller, Douglas Fisher and Nancy Frey dig deeper into the hows and whys of the gradual release of responsibility instructional framework. To gradually release responsibility is to equip students with what they need to be engaged and self-directed learners. On a day-to-day level, it means delivering lessons purposefully planned to incorporate four essential and interrelated instructional phases:

1. Focused Instruction: Preparing students for learning by establishing lesson purpose, modeling strategies and skills, thinking aloud, and noticing how students respond.

2. Guided Instruction: Strategically using prompts, cues, and questions to lead students to new understanding.

3. Collaborative Learning: Allowing students to consolidate their understanding through exploration, problem-solving, discussion, and thinking with their peers.

4. Independent Learning: Requiring students to use the skills and knowledge they've acquired to create authentic products and ask new questions.

The authors explore each phase, using real-life examples from a variety of disciplines. You'll find tips and tools for classroom implementation, including checklists for planning and assessment; advice on feedback, homework, group work, differentiated instruction, and blended learning; answers to frequently asked questions; and examples that align to Common Core State Standards. No matter what grade level or subject you teach, Better Learning Through Structured Teaching is your essential guide to helping students expand their capacity for successful and long-lasting learning.

Genres: Education, Teaching, Nonfiction, Professional Development, School

158 pages, Kindle Edition

First published January 1, 2008

About the author

Douglas Fisher, Ph.D., is an educator and Professor of Educational Leadership at San Diego State University and a teacher leader at Health Sciences High & Middle College.

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Reviews

[Sunday · Rating 4 out of 5]

This is a clear introduction to the gradual release of responsibility - for novice educators or for professional learning providers who are seeking language to make this concept transparent for others. What's different about Fisher and Frey's approach is that they incorporate "collaborative learning" into the gradual release - just before independent learning. So you have -
a focus lesson (teacher explains and models)
guided instruction
collaborative learning (which may take place while others are in a small group for guided instruction)
independent learning

What's essential is that you also read the authors' book Productive Group Work - they tease out the complexities of effective collaborative learning and make it appealing.

Towards the end of Better Learning, though - a novice educator might lose site of how to make this all work - how to lead guided instruction while others are working collaboratively or independently - how to organize the big picture. Some of the authors' suggestions for collaborative work - like literature circles - require their own focus lessons and guided practice. Also, the authors focus on suggesting and do not make clear how the pieces fit together to make a cohesive block of learning time.

[Hanna · Rating 5 out of 5]

This book is awesome!
*It's concise and short- doesn't take too long to read, which is a huge plus for busy teachers!
*For as much as pedagogical literature emphasizes the importance of a "gradual release of responsibility", they don't really break down how it should look in the classroom. Well this book does!
*Also, this book is fantastic about considering how the framework looks across many different types of classrooms and age levels, while still being relevant.
*There are lots of actually useful infographics, from lesson plans and rubrics to actual handouts!
*The 2nd Edition takes into account CCSS, which I guess is kinda cool if you're into that.

[Doni · Rating 2 out of 5]

I found the criteria for modeling the most helpful.

[Hayden Redelman · Rating 2 out of 5]

Uninspired.

[Erik Orrantia · Rating 4 out of 5]

Compared to their other book, , I thought this book offered more practical tools and examples that would help a teacher implement the ideas.

[Hannah · Rating 5 out of 5]

If you need to refresh yourself on the gradual release method of teaching, this is a great quick read. Included are tough, but needed reminders for good effective teaching. I read this during my teaching credential program and could not be more grateful that this was recommended to me during this time of teaching in Zoom Land and over Google Meets.

[Bellatuscana Bellatuscana · Rating 2 out of 5]

Overly simplistic introduction to structuring lessons. Basically - to be as detailed as possible in every aspect - even able to defend oneself if someone attacks you. Good to memorize for admin meetings, doesn’t give any real structured feedback for better education. Also assumes a college level independence in children that is very unrealistic.

[Christine · Rating 5 out of 5]

This is a great book for any educator looking to adapt gradual release as a part of a successful classroom community. Gradual release doesn't have to come in a specific order or way, but it's necessary in order for students to take responsiblity for their learning. Excellent read!

[Vergine Makhmudyan · Rating 4 out of 5]

This book is great tool to use to understand and apply the Gradual Release of Responsibility in any classroom setting. The authors do a great job at providing examples and commentary.

[Stephanie Kiefer · Rating 2 out of 5]

"Required" reading for work. I didn't really learn anything new but it may be a good reference book for newer teachers.

[Amanda Walker · Rating 4 out of 5]

Concise, research-based, and clear. Could be more practical but definitely important reading for any teacher.

[Patrick · Rating 4 out of 5]

Worth the read for sure.

[Jason Dreier · Rating 5 out of 5]

New teachers must read this book. Not before teaching, but after three to six months of practice.

[Alice · Rating 4 out of 5]

4 stars - read in conjunction with a 5 hour webinar series which was illuminating

[LG · Rating 5 out of 5]

I read this as the primary guide of an ongoing coaching session. In that context, it was very helpful in keeping the conversation and purpose focused. 5* for the work it inspired.

[Beth Huntley · Rating 4 out of 5]

Great ideas for differentiated learning

[Amelia Wright · Rating 5 out of 5]

Excellent resource for new teachers and those in student teaching.

[Nate Guteras · Rating 4 out of 5]

Great tips to engage students in rigorous content across a variety of curriculum and topics. Grounded in years of learning theory, yet delivered in practical applications. (3rd ed)

[Bitz · Rating 5 out of 5]

Great read about the Gradual Release of Responsibility. I found it practical but enlightening. Not as dry of a read as I thought!

[Morgan Baggett]

Reading for college.

[Hannah · Rating 1 out of 5]

A book full of new teaching ideas never yet explored or attempted in teaching practice. Lol just kidding. If you are a teacher and you don’t know 99% of this book I am worried for your future. This could possibly be OK for an insomnia cure or for a brand new teacher/somebody starting to be a teacher who has never interacted with children before in the learning environment.

[Declan · Rating 4 out of 5]

Clear description and support for the gradual release of responsibility model. Adjusted my concept of the model by arguing for the "Collaborative Learning" step in the process. Makes perfect sense to me.

Fisher and Frey are always so clear and comprehensive in their explanations of classroom practice and the research foundation. This is a slim book that clarifies a very high standard for instructional practice. They argue that scaffolds have to well designed, and that students have to move towards true independent practice and application or we just aren't doing what we should. They also show you how.

They challenged my thinking about what small group instruction should look like. Overall this is a very helpful description of the kind of instructional sequence that will actually lead to independent performance for students.

[Julie Mcintyre · Rating 4 out of 5]

Chock full of interesting bits of info. What I found most useful are charts, calendars, and other tools for implementing and systematizing great teaching ideas that I struggle to bring to fruition. I also made lots of notes in the bibliography to read more Fisher and Frey throughout the upcoming school year.

[Shelley Murray · Rating 5 out of 5]

Provides a very clear guide to implementing the gradual release of responsibility model in the classroom. Wish I had read this a year ago. Any teacher wanting more research-based information on modeling, scaffolding, and how to be less of a "sage on the stage" and allow students to do more of the thinking should read this book.

[Dr. Stephanie Douglass · Rating 4 out of 5]

I like the practicality of the concept of gradual release. Students would become proficient in work in the classroom and in their career through this model. With the right execution, this would work well. As a second year teacher, there were a lot of great points that I will take further into my teaching techniques.

[Henry · Rating 5 out of 5]

This model was around when I started teaching..more or less got thrown out when whole language came along. These folks are brilliant...they added the collaborative piece that was missing from the model way back in 1983.

[Mary · Rating 4 out of 5]

Very helpful book about creating a learning environment in which students take greater responsibility for learning. Through scaffolding, guided instruction and meaningful collaboration, students can move toward independently applying new learning.

[Sarah · Rating 3 out of 5]

Overview of The Gradual Release Model. Having knowledge of the subject previously, there wasn't a great deal of new information in this text for me. Would be a place to start if you are new to the idea.

[Meagan · Rating 4 out of 5]

This book gives a thorough introduction to the gradual release of responsibility model while not seeming overwhelming. I like the number of examples used to demonstrate points. The book is balanced, clear, and approachable, and the topic is extremely helpful and important in the classroom.

[Boyd · Rating 4 out of 5]

Nothing groundbreaking, but this is a great rundown of the gradual release of responsibility method of teaching.