Published ten years after Teaching as a Subversive Activity, this book is interesting but hardly as interesting as that one. Teaching as a Subversive Activity not only offered a coherent educational philosophy and concrete examples for implementing reform, it was characterized by great optimism, energy, and humor. Its overall effect was similar to that of a starting gun or trumpet fanfare. In contrast, Teaching as a Conserving Activity has the air of something written from the trenches. The author appears by turns frustrated, resigned, pragmatic, weary, dutiful, yet jaded—like someone only halfway through hiking the Appalachian Trail, someone footsore and exhausted who nevertheless knows there is no turning back.
The entire book is predicated on the idea that in order to preserve homeostasis and stability in a culture, “education tries to conserve tradition when the rest of the environment is innovative. Or it is innovative when the rest of the society is tradition-bound…the function of education is always to offer the counterargument, the other side of the picture….Its aim at all times is to make visible the prevailing biases of a culture and then, by employing whatever philosophies of education are available, to oppose them” (19-20). I disagree with this thesis, and as a result, found much of the book to be a disappointment (one point particularly being Postman’s momentary lapse into the kind of unwarranted either/or, “other side of the picture” thinking he decried in Teaching as a Subversive Activity). I preferred Postman/Weingartner’s earlier thesis that the purpose of education is to enhance students’ capacity for survival—physical, emotional, and intellectual. Can schools serve as thermostatic controls for society? Yes. But their primary function should be preparing their students for life after midterms.
I found it especially ironic, then, that Postman laments the way schools have been used as instruments for social conditioning. Though he championed the idea of discussing sex in the classroom in Subversive, here he includes sex education—along with drug education, driver education, counseling, free-lunch, baby-sitting, and racial integration—in a list of services he thinks schools should not provide. “The schools have assumed the burden of solving extremely important problems, but they are simply not equipped to achieve the solutions” (110). Problems like ensuring cultural homeostasis for entire societies? Though Postman asserts that he has turned his back on “twentieth-century ‘liberalism’” (205), I think he is confused.
Which really is my take on the entire book. Postman is confused. He disagrees with many of his former statements but not necessarily in ways that make sense or for reasons that are clear. He holds some strong opinions, but these opinions do not hang together or reinforce each other. He remains strongly against standardized testing but at times seems to advocate standardizing the curriculum. He makes a rim-shot out of Sesame Street on page 85 but then calls it “brilliant television” on page 189. He reproduces quotes from the likes of George Bernard Shaw and then writes, “if you replace the word ‘art’ with the phrase ‘language education,’ you will have a precise statement of what I have been trying to say” (153). Mr. Postman may ridicule HAGOTH all he likes, he must forgive the reader’s crap detector for going off.
All that said, I do not begrudge Mr. Postman his opinions or his book. Though I disagree with him on schools’ serving as thermostatic controls for the broader culture, I think he serves as a pretty good barometer for the state of education and educators in America. This is exactly the sort of book one might write after a decade of defeat, denial, and disillusion (which jibes well with my understanding of aspects of the 1970s), and through it all, Mr. Postman remains a generous and tenacious thinker. Tenacious because he is still grappling intelligently with large, complex, and exhausting problems, and generous because he doesn’t shrink from sharing his struggles and about-faces with the rest of us.