U suvremeni hrvatski jezik prenio i komentirao Marko Grčić, pogovor Josip Bratulić
Po uzoru na neka engleska i francuska izdanja u kojima su temeljni nacionalni epovi ili druga temeljna književna djela radi boljega razumijevanja prevedena u suvremeni jezik, objavila je Matica hrvatska 1998. temeljno i pionirsko djelo hrvatske književnosti: Marulićevu Juditu, prvi umjetnički ep napisan na hrvatskome jeziku. Tom je prilikom uz prijevod objavljen i Rječnik Marulićeve Judite Milana Moguša, te je prvi put u cijelosti tiskan i preslik drugoga, likovni i grafički, najuspjelijeg izdanja Judite iz 1522. godine. Budući da je u međuvremenu Rječnik u opširnijoj inačici objavljen kao zasebna knjiga (2001), u ovoj je prilici on izostavljen, a tiskan je i preslik prvog izdanja Judite iz 1521. Također, za ovo izdanje prevoditelj je ponešto izmijenio i dopunio prijevod te bilješke uz prijevod.
Marko Marulić was a Croatian national poet and Renaissance humanist, known as the Crown of the Croatian Medieval Age and the father of the Croatian Renaissance. He was also the first who defined and used the notion of psychology, which is today in current use.
The central figure of the humanist circle in Split, Marulić was inspired by the Bible, Antique writers and Christian hagiographies. Main topics of his writings were Christian theological by nature. He was a poet and writer who wrote many poems, discussions on theology and Christian ethics, stories and some epics. He wrote in three languages: Latin, Croatian and Vulgar Italian (three letters and two sonnets are preserved).
In the works written in Croatian, Marulić achieved a permanent status and position that has remained uncontested. His central Croatian oeuvre, the epic poem Judita written in 1501 and published in Venice in 1521, is based on the Biblical tale from a Deuterocanonical Book of Judith, written in Čakavian dialect – his mother tongue.
I never planed to write a review of Croatian book in English but since I've seen a negative one sentence comment about Judita (written in English language by Croatian girl), why wouldn't I write something more constructive? You never know who could be interested in Croatian literature.
Judita is a epic poem about a beautiful Jewish widow who seduces and then beheads the enemy of her people. Does that sound fammiliar? Yes, the plot of this epic poem is taken from the Old Testament ( the book of Judith). Why is that story important for the Croats of 16th century? Why on the basis of this epic poem alone we consider Marko Marulić a father of Croatian literature? I'm getting to that.
Imagine you are a member of the noble family living in a beautiful Reinassance city of Split, a former residence of Roman emparor. You're a humanist,poeta doctus , supremely educated and gifted. There is just one problem. Outside the city walls you can see Turkish invades killing your people and burning your land. It sorts of kills the gusto of classical humanistic themes.So you write a epic poem, one that celebrates a brave religious Jewish women to bust the morale of the people a little bit.
The city of Dubrovnik (at that time an independent Republic of Dubrovnik) is true to their moto: We do not sell freedom for any gold. But buying freedom from Sultan is pricy, much gold is needed. Dubrovnik is the only city on Dalmatian coast that can afford it. On the basis of their brilliant diplomacy and their gold, people of the Dubrovnik enjoy their freedom. There is no epic poetry in Dubrovnik, you can write love sonnets when there is noone trying to kill you. Let's get back to Split. People there need some encouragement and being a religious poet Marulić advises them to be like Judita, to trust in God and be brave. Interestigly, something simmilar actually happens in Croatian oral literature (some people believe it to be true) when a Croatian girl enters a Turkish camp, seduces the chief and blows the camp up. Yes, Croatian literature is influenced by our 500 years long fight against the Turks.
Judita is written in a Dalmatian dialect, making in difficult to read if you're not a Dalmatian. (I don't know anything about the English translation.)It's my theory that some Croatians do not appreaciate it because they cannot understand it.
To conclude, this is a great poem. In particular, the writing is brilliant. It is easy to see the poet's genious in the complex rhyming sheme. The end rhyme of the first couplet is transferred to the central position in the next couplet, achieving a quadruple assosance. The metrical scale is raised to the highest level.
Budući da sam se naslušao, sad već te ustoličene uzrečice, i na javnim medijima i od strane srednjoškolskih i fakultetskih profesora, da ne govorim o kolegama i njihovom odnosu prema ovom djelu, koja glasi: ''pa naravno da nećemo čitati Marulića prije spavanja'', odlučio sam napraviti upravo to-https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dVSjC... Istina, moram priznati, čitao sam ju u prepjevu Nikice Kolumbića, što mi je omogućilo lakše razumijevanje građe. No moram reći, Judita je sjajna. Marulić sjajno kombinira svoju vjersku stranu i veliku pobožnost s antičkim znanjem i renesansnim doživljajem života, prikazujući otvoreno fizičku žensku ljepotu,i razbacujući se sa svojim znanjem antičke mitologije koju odlično ukrštava s biblijskom predajom. Do sad sam bio uvjerenja da je Božja pomoć samoj Juditi bila metaforičkog sadržaja, no sredinom četvrtog pjevanja sam naletio na stihove: ''tako t' ona doda uresu krasosti više neg' on poda njoj svoje lijeposti. I to ne bi dosti, kako Pismo piše, Bog njenoj svjetlosti dade draži više; jer sve čim odiše ne bješe od bluda, već svetom miriše ljubavlju posvuda; pa joj milost tu da da tko je ugleda, svak stane od čuda i za njom pogleda.''
Čini mi se da tu imamo jasnu i očitu, božansku intervenciju, koja ju čini nepobjedivom, što znači da pobjeđuje zbog božanskog uplitanja među smrtnike, a ne zbog ufanja u vlastitu religiju. No takva moja percepcija stvari ne umanjuje vrijednost Judita. Djelo koje sam krenuo čitati očekivajući da me nema čime iznenaditi i pretjerano zamisliti, na kraju se pretvorilo u prvoklasnu senzaciju.
Why is this story immensely important for the Croats of 16th century? Why do we consider Marko Marulic a father of Croatian literature on the basis of this epic poem alone? Why do we make students read it? The answer lies in the historical context of this poem. As much as the beauty of its poetry speaks for itself, to truly understand this poem and what drove the author to write it, you need to know a bit about the political and historical situation of the time. As the goodreads page will inform you, Marko Marulic was a Croatian national poet and Renaissance humanist, known as one of the most important figures of the Croatian Medieval Age. Considered by many as the father of the Croatian Renaissance (and even literature), Marulic was also the first who defined and used the notion of psychology, which is today in current use. He was a many of many talents, but is best remembered for this poem. Why is that?
Imagine you are a member of the noble family living in a beautiful Renaissance city of Split, a former residence of Roman emperor. You're a humanist,poeta doctus , supremely educated and gifted. You wrote and published many texts in Latin and you're respected in Europe. Everything seems to be going well for you. There is just one problem. Outside the city walls you can see Turkish invades killing your people and burning your land. It sorts of kills the gusto of classical humanistic themes. So, what to do? You write a epic poem, one that celebrates a brave religious Jewish women to bust the morale of the people a little bit. Instead of writing it in Latin (because you know that other Europeans cannot care less about your local situation), you write it in Croatian. That is what Marko Marulic did. He stepped outside his humanistic themes and created something relevant for its time.
The city of Dubrovnik (at that time an independent Republic of Dubrovnik) is true to their motto: We do not sell freedom for any gold. But buying freedom from Sultan is pricey, extremely pricey. Much gold is needed. Dubrovnik is the only city on Dalmatian coast that can afford it. Possibly the only city in the known world who could afford it at the time for at the high of their power, the Republic of Dubrovnik was the wealthiest country in Europe, surpassing even Venice. On the basis of their brilliant diplomacy and their gold, people of the Dubrovnik enjoy their freedom. There is no epic poetry in Dubrovnik, for you can afford to write love sonnets when there is nobody trying to kill you. The situation is different in Split that is nowhere as wealthy as Dubrovnik.
Let's get back to Split and the birth of this curious thing we can call Renaissance epic poetry. People there need some encouragement and being a religious fellow that he was Marulic advises them to be like Judith, to trust in God and be brave. Interestingly, something similar actually happens in Croatian oral literature (many people believe it to be a true story) when a Croatian girl enters a Turkish camp, seduces the chief and blows the camp up. That kind of historical context is important in understand this play. Basically, Croatian literature is heavily influenced by our 500 years long fight against the Turks. Expect when it comes to Dubrovnik, but they were impossibly wealthy diplomatic geniuses who got along with everyone, including the sultan.
To conclude, this is a great poem. In particular, the writing is brilliant. It is easy to see the poet's genius in the complex rhyming scheme. The end rhyme of the first couplet is transferred to the central position in the next couplet, achieving a quadruple assonance. The metrical scale is raised to the highest level. Moreover, the poem itself is easy to read. The descriptions are very descriptive. Finally, the protagonist Judith is simply wonderful. It is indeed refreshing to see such a brave and kick-ass female protagonist in a work of literature that was published in 1521!
Read this for my Croatian Literature class. It is written in such an old and weird Croatian language that you think it's not in Croatian but in Martian or something like that. I like the whole thing about Judita (Judith) and the biblical story but this was just so hard for me to read. And to think that I still have to read a bunch of old Croatian writers for my class makes me want to cry.
I have just finished writing my book report and it's 8 pages long. I'm not even satisfied with that because I haven't even written some of the stuff. I HATE that I live in Croatia and I have to read this shit for high school, it sucks. Be happy you don't live here because your schools are kindergartens compared to ours (not talking about people who live in Germany and Switzerland because they also have Gymnasiums there and I go to a Gymnasium).
CRO/ENG Mogao bih reći kako me je interes za Marulićevom Juditom zadesio u periodu kada su mi povijesni epovi bili najomiljenija književna djela (Ilijada, Odiseja, Eneida, Metamorfoze, Oslobođeni Jeruzalem, Osman, Smrt Smail age Čengića). Tom se prilikom našao i prvi hrvatski ep, pisan našim jezikom. Tema borbe protiv nadiruće opasnosti je inspiriana junačkom obranom Klisa protiv Osmanlija, a to je djelo potaklo i mnoge druge pisce iz različitih gradova tada i generacijama poslije da bude u fokusu (naša neprekidna borba za opstankom i neovisnošću). Sama priča je dobro strukturirana, od početka i kraja, sa snažnom porukom kako nikada ne treba klonuti i očajavati, pa ni u najtežim trenucima. Osobno mi je bilo malo teško pratiti cijeli tijek, pa ne bih rekao kako sam najbolje upoznat sa sitnim detaljima, a i tada sam obično čitao sažetak prije nego što bih se upustio u čitanje. Ep čak nije ni bio za lektiru, ali sam imao dovoljno vremena da ga pročitam. Nakon tog perioda nisam pokazivao preveliki interes da ga ponovno prođem, kao u slučaju Osmana ili Smrti Smail age Čengića, ali mi je svakako drago što je ovo bilo jedno od prvih naših djela, sa kulturološkim, nacionalnim i povijesnim značajem. Babilonci su imali Gilgameša, Indijci Mahabharatu i Ramayanu, Grci Ilijadu i Odiseju, Rimljani Eneidu, Britanci Beowulfa, Francuzi Rolanda, Nijemci Nibelunge, Španjolci Cida, a mi imamo Juditu.
I can say that my interest for Marulich's ''Judith'' caught me around the time when historical poems were among my favorite work pieces (The Illiad, Odyssesy, Aeneid, Metamorphoses, Jerusalem Liberated, Osman and The Death of Smail-aga Chenghich). Among those was also this first Croatian poem, written in our language (with a specific dialect). The plot revolves around the battle which is inspired by a heroic defense of the fort of Klis against the Ottomans, which also influenced many other authors from different regions then and generations that followed to be the main staple (our neverending struggle for existence and independence). The story itself is well structured, from beginning to end, with a strong message that we should never give up and despair, even in our most dire hours. Personally, it was difficult for me to track the hole plot, so I wouldn't say that I'm well familiar with the smaller details, and at that period I usually read the guide book before the actual work. The poem wasn't even for a school project, but I've had enough time to read it. After that, I haven't shown an interest to reread it again, as was in the case of '''Osman'' and ''The Death of Smail-aga Chenghich'', but I'm still glad that this was one of our first works, with a cultural, national and historical importance. The Babylonians had ''Gilgamesh'', the Indians had ''Mahabharata'' and ''Ramayana'', the Greeks had ''The Illiad and Odyssey'', the Romans had ''Aeneid'', the British had ''Beowulf'', the French had ''The Song of Roland'', the Germans had ''The Nibelungenlied'', the Spaniards had ''El Cid'', and we have ''Judith''.
3.5 stars Since my mom decided to name me after this book, I am a little ashamed I only read it now, at 17, and for school in fact. The whole, Judita being the vessel of God through which he gave her the power to kill Holoferno I didn't really like but I think that she on her own is very brave and smart. She is in a sense an ideal woman. This was written in the time that the Ottoman Empire was on the doors of Split and Marulic wrote this to encourage people to have faith and not to despair. His verses are beautiful I do have to admit and I was pleasantly surprised at how much I enjoyed it.
"Mnjaše da ni robom, ni moćju od ljudi, ni plemenitim rodo(m) na svit mu para ni; da pozna po sebi, jer slava človika najveća, ka se di, ne tarpi dovika.
Da kakono rika barzo mimohodi, tako svaka dika s vrimeno(m) odhodi. I ki se uzvodi u višu oholast, teže mu se zgodi kad pade u propast."
HRV: Pročitala sam ovo u srednjoj i opet sad za predmet na faksu i iako je muka za čitanje ako uzimaš originalnu verziju u dalmatinskom dijalektu (pročitaj adaptiranu verziju i šuti) i dalje je jedna od najboljih, najzanimljivijih i meni najdražih djela koje sam morala pročitati.
ENG: Read this in highschool then re-read it for my college class and although it's a pain in the ass to read with the oldschool Dalmatian dialect (just read it in adapted language and stop complaining idiots) it's still one of the better, more interesting and favorite works I've ever had to read.
Uživala sam, Judita je poseban sloj hrvatske književnosti i sretna sam što sam mogla spoznati djelić onoga što je Marulić htio prenijeti. Monstruozan metar, perifraze, opisi, retardacije. Teško je nekada proći kroz tekst, ali na samom kraju se isplati.
Meni se peto poglavlje nije svidjelo jer je pisano čakavskim narječjem i dvostrukim dvanaestercima. Nije je bilo jednostavno razumjeti zbog nepoznatih riječi koje ne upotrebljavam.
Marulić je otac hrvatske književnosti samo zbog toga što toliko rastura u dvostruko rimovanim dvanaestercima. Kad pročitate Juditu, to trebate priznati. Nevjerojatno kako čovjek piše!
Vrlo važno i kvalitetno djelo. Nije vrhunac uzbudljivosti, ali koje djelo tog doba jest? Jezik kojim Marulić piše je savršen. Trebate ovo pročitati barem jednom u životu.