Jump to ratings and reviews
Rate this book

Eyewitness to Crucifixion: The Romans, the Cross, and the Sacrifice of Jesus

Rate this book
Stephen M. Miller’s journalistic approach to Bible knowledge is fascinating—and has sold over two million copies of his books! Now Miller has set his sights on crucifixion, gathering firsthand testimony from ancient witnesses to discover, What does it really mean that Jesus was executed on a Roman cross? You’ll examine the historical context for your faith as seen through first-century eyes—and draw closer to Jesus in gratefulness, godly sorrow, and awe.
 

208 pages, Paperback

Published February 4, 2020

3 people are currently reading
22 people want to read

About the author

Stephen M. Miller

88 books21 followers
STEPHEN M. MILLER was born in Oakland, Maryland on August 3, 1952. He was the first of six children--four boys, two girls--born to Clyde and Virginia Miller. Their sixth child, a boy, lived just a few hours. So Steve grew up in a family of five kids and both parents. At age 12, when his Grandpap died, Granny moved in with Steve's family. She's was Virginia's mom.

Steve's parents grew up two miles apart in coal country near Tunnelton, West Virginia, a deer hunter's long walk south of Morgantown.

After Steve came along, Clyde went looking for a job that didn't involve dragging a pick into a dark hole. He moved the family to Akron, Ohio where he became a tool and die maker, crafting steel parts for machinery.

His tax withholding statement for 1963 shows a salary of $5,990.51. By that time, all five kids were on board, the youngest age three.

Virginia didn't work outside the home until all the kids were in school. Then she took a part-time job as a sales clerk at JC Penney--as much for the clothing discount as for the slight salary.
Steve, at age 15, started working part-time after school at a Sohio service station, pumping gas, changing oil, and fixing flat tires. (Sohio stood for Standard Oil of Ohio.) It was a job he kept into his college years, until the owner died. The salary, which started at 75 cents an hour, paid for his first car. An extreme vehicle. Extremely used. Ford Galaxy, dingy green. The first time he drove it, he didn't know how to work the manual choke. A kid on a bicycle passed him.

NEWS JOURNALISM AT KENT STATE UNIVERSITY
In college, Steve knocked out his general courses at the nearby University of Akron. Then he transferred to Kent State University, where he got a bachelor's degree in news journalism. For those wondering where he was in 1970 when the Ohio National Guard came to Kent State to quell the Vietnam War protests and ended up killing four students in the parking lot outside the School of Journalism, Steve was a senior in high school.

His mother enrolled at Kent State the same year he did. She got a degree in elementary education, launching her career as a public school teacher. Don't ask Steve who finished college with a higher grade-point average.

Steve commuted to college; he couldn't afford to live on campus. He drove the 45 minutes each day to Kent, Ohio. After the owner of the Sohio service station died, Steve found a full-time summer job working in a factory. He ran heated molds that pressed uncured rubber into auto parts. Then he dug out the parts with a brass pick. He sweat through his clothes in the first 10 minutes, and through his boots by 30. At shift's end, his crust of body salt sculpted him into Lot's wife's brother.

WORKING AT THE NEWSPAPER
When Steve landed a summer internship his senior year, working as a news reporter for the Coshocton Tribune in central Ohio, life was looking up. He lived in a rented trailer and listened to his mouse traps snapping at night. Which wasn't as tough as listening to the girl next door match her oscillating voice to a record player with an rpm that couldn't decide which r to pm. But Steve was out of the rubber factory. And into an air-conditioned office.
After graduation, he took a job as a news reporter with the Alliance Review. He worked there a year and a half, covering general news and editing the religion section and the business section. Small paper. Pleasant town.
It was during those months that he decided the Christian publishing world needed a little help from writers and editors who had taken journalism 101.
further info...
http://www.newreleasetuesday.com/auth...

Ratings & Reviews

What do you think?
Rate this book

Friends & Following

Create a free account to discover what your friends think of this book!

Community Reviews

5 stars
5 (27%)
4 stars
6 (33%)
3 stars
5 (27%)
2 stars
2 (11%)
1 star
0 (0%)
Displaying 1 - 11 of 11 reviews
Profile Image for Rama Rao.
836 reviews144 followers
April 6, 2020
The cross, crucifixion and Jesus Christ Superstar

The author has discussed the history of the cross, and as how it rose as the religious symbol of Christian faith. Europeanization of the church was a major test in its struggle to emerge as a leading faith of 2.4 billion people on this planet. According to New Testament, Jesus was crucified on a cross, a very cruel death for the only son of God! Does that mean God is merciless and cruel? How could the creator of heaven and earth bring upon such a horrific end to his own son? What is the real message behind this? What is the theology of cross? In order to comprehend the nature and extent of this scandalous story, the author presents an academic style debate about the beliefs and acceptance of the Roman empire and its cultural biases.

One of the most interesting fact is that writers of the gospels didn't say that Jesus; carried a T-shaped cross; carried a crossbeam; fell while carrying cross; hung on a T-shaped cross; or nailed to anything. Christian scholars presumed this after the description of crucifixion was added by the church leaders a century later. The Jesus Seminar, a group of biblical scholars concluded that Jesus was a Jewish sage and faith-healer who preached liberation from injustice through his parables and aphorisms. He broke Jewish traditions in his teachings and his behavior. Jesus was mortal and he did not perform miracles nor die for sins of others. He was executed as a public nuisance, and not for being the Son of God. The belief in the resurrection is based on the visionary experiences of Paul, Peter and Mary Magdalene, says Jesus Seminar.

I strongly recommend reading chapters 22 and 23 of this book that summarizes some key points. In the first half of the book, the author describes the practices of Roman empire and how it may have impacted the evolution of gospels and the church narratives with respect to crucifixion.

There are numerous books in literature that presents the pulpit-based interpretation of the cross, but the author must be commended for his effort to present an unbiased discussion. This book is full of colored pictures, illustrations, visual art and artistic imagination of historical events surrounding the crucifixion. It helps to reconnect with this historical event. The author’s style of writing is objective and dispassionate, this makes reading so effortless.
Profile Image for Dana K.
1,891 reviews102 followers
March 22, 2020
Eyewitness to Crucifixion is not what I expected when I picked it up. I expected a heavily religious book but this book has a very evidence-based approach to the act of crucifixion in general.

The first half of the book talks about the brutality of this method of execution in the words of those who witnessed it and some of it is quite brutal: " The king ordered his people to strangle the little boys who were circumsised and to strangle their mother's as well. Then he had the dead baby boys tied around the necks of their dead mother's. Together, they were hung on crosses." No one really talks about crucifixion in relation to the regular people, the brutality of this throughout history is intense. 800 Jews crucified for refusing to deny their religion. Slaves crucified for trying to survive by skimming a little extra from their masters. The number of people who died without burial eaten by birds or rotted off a cross in our history is staggering.

The second half tackles the religious aspects related to Jesus, I won't comment too much on this section other than to say it relies heavily on the Bible for "evidence." I found it all very interesting and educational.

The writing is very easy and accessible; it reminded me of an encyclopedia, Scientific American or New Scientist. Very easy to read small blips of information like a scientific magazine that can be read easily by a lay person.

I received this book via Netgalley in exchange for an honest review.
Profile Image for Conrade Yap.
376 reviews8 followers
April 25, 2020
Christians all over the world regularly proclaim the great reality of the faith: "Christ has died. Christ is risen. Christ will come again." Author Stephen Miller focuses on three angles of the crucifixion: 1) What the Romans say about crucifixion; 2) What they say about Jesus' crucifixion; and 3) what the Bible says about Jesus' death on the cross. The Bible does not say a lot about the nature and the exacting details of the crucifixion. Thus, the author goes back to several Roman characters to give us an eyewitness account of the terrible nature of the crucifixion. Seneca the Younger calls it the "worst torture of all." Cicero says that crucifixion is almost like killing one's father or brother. Horace lists some of the frivolous reasons used to send people to be crucified. Plutarch talks about criminals being asked to carry the cross enroute to their own execution. There was even a case 250 years before Christ was born where Hannibal the commanding officer of the ship was crucified by his own sailors after leading them to another defeat. Lactantius, advisor to Emperor Constantine teaches Christians not to resist death, even if it means the threat of crucifixion. With a large segment of the book devoted to the description of what crucifixion means to the Roman world, Miller aims to show us the cruelty, the humiliation, the senselessness, and inhumane nature of the execution.


Part Two of the book describes the different eyewitness accounts of Jesus' death on the cross. There is Josephus, the Jewish historian who testified of Jesus in an ancient account outside of the Bible. Tacitus the Roman senator confirms that Jesus died on the cross. Marcus Minucius Felix defends Christianity by questioning the legitimacy of other Roman gods. Finally, in Part Three, Miller brings us through the familiar biblical accounts of Jesus' crucifixion. Focusing on the four gospel narratives, he summarizes the account by placing the observations one after the other that reads like a chronological flow of the crucifixion process. This indeed is the highlight of the whole book altogether.

My Thoughts
==============
This book was originally pitched to publishers but was not accepted. Eventually, the author created a homemade video of the book entitled: "What the Romans Said about Crucifixion" and posted it on YouTube. This gave the author another opportunity to present his book for publishing. In his words, "YouTube raised this book from the dead." As I read the various accounts of crucifixion and Jesus' crucifixion, I notice that compared to the biblical accounts, they are not as comprehensive. They show us the dark side of such an execution process. Miller supplements each account with pictures and snippets of literature written. I am impressed at the amount of research done by Miller to give us a broad spectrum of Roman eyewitnesses. Toward the end of the book, Miller gives us an exchange he had with a skeptic. That is worth a read and shows us the depth of scepticism about Christ dying on the cross. Interested readers might want to read more of the many different exchanges to get a better idea of the challenges of even talking about the crucifixion of Jesus. Miller tries to present the evidence as is, citing the sources, and to offer a view on the crucifixion. In spite of that, there will be resistance and dismissal of these evidence. What I appreciate most is the listing of sources, both primary and secondary, the illustrations, and the large repertoire of Roman witnesses in writing. On this note, this book can be used like a primer for further research.

The way to read this book is to watch the video first as a quick introduction. Following that, read this book and ponder over the evidence Miller has uncovered in his research. True to his reputation, Miller writes this book in an easy to read manner. Readers will not get stuck on academic or linguistic details as the book is written in a direct journalistic manner. Coupled with many photos, pictures, and colourful illustrations, we get a closer look at the ancient perspectives and horror of the crucifixion process. Perhaps, for open-minded unbelievers, this book would be another piece of evidence to consider. For believers, it would be another opportunity to see the horrors of the crucifixion. It is not just the reality of Jesus' death but the way that he had to die on the cross that should lead us to a deeper devotion of love for his great sacrifice.

Stephen M. Miller is an award-winning, bestselling Christian author of easy-reading books about the Bible and Christianity. His books have sold over two million copies and include The Complete Guide to the Bible and Who’s Who and Where’s Where in the Bible. He launched his full-time freelance writing career in 1994, after working as a news reporter and later as an editor of Christian books, magazines, and Bible curriculum for a group of Christian denominations in the Wesleyan theological tradition.

Rating: 4 stars of 5.

conrade
This book has been provided courtesy of Our Daily Bread Publishing and NetGalley without requiring a positive review. All opinions offered above are mine unless otherwise stated or implied.
Profile Image for David.
349 reviews12 followers
March 29, 2020
The author undertakes an interesting task: to find every reference to crucifixion and put them into one book. Miller does this and includes glossy photos to further enlighten the reader. Some references are insignificant, which leads to some very short chapters. Others are quite interesting, like the chapter on the slave revolt in Rome lead by Spartacus which resulted in the crucifixion of 6,000 captured slave revolutionaries crucified every 50 yards on the 120 miles of the Appian Way from Capua to Rome.
The main take away for me in this book was the disdain Romans had for anyone who is crucified. It was the standard punishment for slaves and any Roman citizen would feel that a slave deserved such treatment. Quintilian wrote: “When we crucify people, we do it on the busiest roads. We want as many people as possible to get a good look at it, and to feel the terror of it all. The punishment of crucifixion has relatively little to do with the crime. It’s more about deterrence, and teaching people a lesson by example. “
Thanks to NetGalley and the publisher for providing an ARC of this book in exchange for an honest review.
Profile Image for Ionia.
1,471 reviews73 followers
January 21, 2020
Somewhere between the work of an intelligent lay-person and a scholar is where this author has nestled this book. If you are easily bothered by graphic descriptions of violence, then one would expect that going in you should be aware that crucifixion is a nasty business and expect to find things of such a nature in this title. I thought the content perfectly appropriate for the subject matter of the book. It was informative and told the reality without being grotesque.

The author has certainly covered a lot of territory in this book, citing historical sources from many different periods and geographical locations to back up his ideas on what we know and do not know about crucifixion. I was pleasantly surprised by the fairness and impartiality he displayed when discussing the Jewish role in the death of Jesus, as I am also one of those ill-fated Jews destined to be blamed eternally for an event that I came two thousand years too late to have been involved in.

I have read many of the source materials the author uses in his book but was still delighted to see that he had organised his work in such a way that it made it easier to think through the material in new ways. I hadn't really given a lot of time to thinking about how the process of crucifixion may have actually worked prior to this, and the author made me stop and think about what may have actually happened versus what we see in movies and representative artwork.

Overall, I thought this was a valuable book/ I'd recommend it to anyone interested in Roman, Christian, or Jewish history

This review is based on a complimentary copy from the publisher, provided through Netgalley. All opinions are my own.
Profile Image for Debbie.
3,635 reviews88 followers
December 12, 2019
"Eyewitness to Crucifixion" is a collection of quotes from historical documents about crucifixion. The author used casual language when discussing the information and translated the quotes into everyday English. He included any mention of crucifixion, even if it was just in passing. The author discussed what led up to and came after the quote so that it was in context, and he also gave a brief biography about the life of the author of the quote. Some of the quotes described crucifixion rather than just commented on who was crucified, and those could get gory. The author also talked about how critics think that little about Jesus's crucifixion is actually described and how our images of his crucifixion may be wrong.

He included a section of quotes written after Jesus death which referred to crucifixion, usually a description of how the early Christians were killed during persecution. This also got gory. The author talked about what early Christians said about Jesus's crucifixion and what outside sources said. This involved a lot of discussion about what the critics say to discredit some of these quotes. He finished by talking about what the Bible actually does say about Jesus crucifixion, and then he talked about some of the comments he has gotten on his YouTube video on this topic. Overall, despite the casual tone, this really is more in-depth and academic than would interest the casual Christian. But if you really want to know this information, here it is.

I received an ebook review copy of this book from the publisher through NetGalley.
Profile Image for Willy Marz Thiessam.
160 reviews1 follower
February 18, 2020
Finally a book that I have so long wished to see. Stephen M. Miller gives us a tight compact book outlining source documents of antiquity and archeological findings that every Christian needs to know regardless of denomination. This is a perfect grounding for anyone with a Christian belief who wishes to know what the textual scholarship says about references to Christ in antiquity. It also places the current debates in context, outlining positions with impartiality. Miller is clear in his beliefs and in no way tries any underhand means to convince or force an opinion. Its open and generous in its comments on the beliefs of others. I can't recommend this book enough. As an atheist I get very tired of having to explain Christian texts and texts from antiquity that refer to Christianity to Christians. Would that all Christians were as erudite and broad in their understanding as Miller. Now they can be. Thank you Mr. Miller.
26 reviews2 followers
February 19, 2020
Eyewitness to Crucifixion is a fascinating, well-researched read with a range of quotes, poetry, and historically documented facts about the practice of crucifixion from Roman figures before, during, and after the time of Christ.
The book includes images of artifacts and works of art that support much of its text and adds to the author's credibility.
An interesting and, at times, thought-provoking book, Miller invites the reader to consider the death of Christ from a new perspective and even challenges conventionally held ideas about His crucifixion.
The theologically-minded person with a bent toward history will greatly enjoy Eyewitness.

Profile Image for Em (Makenna).
351 reviews4 followers
January 10, 2020
Earc from netgalley.

This was actually a really interesting book, and it is definitely accessible to a large audience of people, because there are many pictures and other elements. for sure read if you want to learn more about this subject!
Profile Image for Morgan.
357 reviews7 followers
September 28, 2020
Love this book!!! So much detail and description. I got both the kindle version and a physical book. Prefer the physical book cuz it is really had to read the maps and tables in the kindle version.
Displaying 1 - 11 of 11 reviews

Can't find what you're looking for?

Get help and learn more about the design.