Critically examining the current status of simulation and its implications for training, this special * discusses some existing assumptions that exist concerning the use of simulation in aviation training; * suggests a technique to simulation training that aids in bridging the gap between training research and industry practice; * reviews the existing literature on the effectiveness of simulation training for combat skills; and * addresses the use of low fidelity computer-based simulations for training. The editors' hope is that this issue will generate the necessary dialogue between scientists, engineers, and policymakers about the way they currently apply simulation for aviation training.