One of my favorite things about being a reader is the Gary Paulsen experience. Not all his books are barnburners, but the ones that are use simplicity of action and language to awesome effect. Soldier's Heart: Being the Story of the Enlistment and Due Service of the Boy Charley Goddard in the First Minnesota Volunteers is a stunning entwinement of fact and fiction that lays bare the brutality of war, a torture machine that every society has fed its young men to without fully realizing what it's going to do to them. Charley Goddard, an actual Civil War soldier from history, is fifteen years old when he leaves the Minnesota family farm to join the Union army. His mother doesn't want him to go, but Charley persuades her to give permission, and he looks old enough to pass for eighteen and fool the enlistment officer at Fort Snelling. There he trains to obey military orders and handle a firearm, but Charley doubts he will ever see combat. Many Northerners believe the war will dissolve in a few weeks, once "Johnny Rebel" gets the message that Abraham Lincoln's boys in blue are serious. But before the end of June, Charley's Minnesota regiment is called to action, and they travel east for their first engagement with Confederate soldiers. Life will never be the same.
On their way across the country via train, the young soldiers receive the royal treatment, hailed by civilians as heroes before ever setting foot on a battlefield. Almost before Charley knows it he is plunged into combat at Bull Run, gunfire louder than thunder as bodies are torn to shreds all around him. Bullets shower down thick as raindrops, and Charley watches friends be decapitated or riddled with slugs, blood spurting in ruby fountains or quietly puddling around the bodies. There's no way Charley can evade his own death; it hangs above his head like the sword of Damocles, certain to fall any second now. He never envisioned the carnage like this, human bodies carved up with little or no gain by either army, just constant, gruesome death. This is the first battle, the one that shattered Charley beyond reclamation. Part of his soul perished that day.
How could the shellshocked young soldiers ever again be expected to march across a meadow and shoot at the enemy? Blood fills the creek at Bull Run where Charley and other Yankee fighters have to refill their canteens, and hundreds of corpses lie on the battlefield, swarms of flies ravaging the bloated bodies. What kept Charley from sharing that fate, save for pure luck? How can he take his rifle into battle again with any hope of not getting massacred this time? Under a new commander, General George Brinton McClellan, Charley's regiment continues their tour of duty, occasionally raiding Southern farms for food and other precious resources. Stealing from civilians is illegal, but what do these soldiers care for the people who enable the Rebel army to prolong the war? Another piece of Charley's soul is pared away when a young recruit named Nelson joins the Minnesota regiment, as gung-ho as Charley was at first. Nelson covets the glory of war, not yet comprehending the horrors that define it. The engagement isn't as heavy as Bull Run, and again Charley lives, but Nelson isn't as fortunate. In his combat debut he takes a bullet to the midriff, a "belly wound" that is a death sentence in this era of limited medical technology. The young man seems only lightly wounded, but Charley is aware they will never fight side by side again. Nelson is one of untold thousands who will decompose on the battlefield and be utterly forgotten before getting a chance at life.
Seasons pass and so do dread diseases, from soldier to soldier, killing many more of them than injuries. Charley's excruciating bouts of dysentery might level a man less young and fit, but he struggles through the agony of a ravaged gut to live another day. One night while posted as sentry beside a river that has a regiment of Confederates occupying the opposite shore, Charley quietly converses with a young Reb who suggests they trade some of their supplies. The Northern army no longer has access to Southern tobacco crops, and the Confederates have run out of coffee beans; can a single Yankee and a Reb declare a brief truce to make the trade? Charley and the boy are both willing, and they admit to each other that the war seems senseless. The two of them have no personal quarrel, so why must they attempt to take each other's lives? The informal armistice lasts but an hour or so before Charley is caught and disciplined, but the lull in hostilities does him good...for whatever that's worth, given the damage already done to his psyche.
In winter Charley's regiment is again called into battle. Cannons boom, bullets whiz through the air like deadly insects, and Charley goes to the act of killing the men in gray with frenzied excitement. It's a terrifying euphoria, this slashing of throats and goring enemies with his bayonet, but still the dogs of war have yet to claim Charley. He isn't much more than a killing machine, his fear dulled except for those moments right before battle, when dread overwhelms him even now. The worst by far will be Gettysburg, a clash of armies that sends more men to their graves than all American wars combined prior to that day. This won't be like other battles; starting after Bull Run, Charley knew his execution date would come, that a bayonet or bullet would shred his troubled gut or a cannonball blow his head apart. But in the midst of Gettysburg it dawns on Charley that today is the day. Will he desperately cling to the necrotizing remains of his life, or feel relieved to set down the burden and walk into eternity with a clean soul? This is Charley Goddard, who didn't live long enough to get to know himself before war marred his soul. Countless soldiers have suffered his fate over the course of mankind's history.
Is Soldier's Heart an anti-war book? Some of it seems calibrated to conclude that war is not acceptable under any circumstances, but the story can just as well be taken as a solemn warning: do not tread lightly down the path of military aggression. War should not be entered into for revenge, political gain, or entertainment. Sending young people to their violent deaths is cruel, and it may be worse if they survive; minds are permanently warped, and bodies become old and decrepit long before their time. How despicable it is to feed eager young men to the meat grinder for a cause unworthy of their sacrifice. If we send them to war it should only be when no reasonable alternative exists and the cause we are fighting for merits the destruction of a generation.
How is a soldier, soiled by the blood and anxiety of war, to readjust to normal life afterward? The reality of this problem becomes obvious during a passage describing Charley's actions in the heat of battle. "He attacked anything and everything that came into his range—slashing, clubbing, hammering, jabbing, cutting—and always screaming, screaming in fear, in anger and finally in a kind of rabid, insane joy, the joy of battle, the joy of winning, the joy of killing to live." Behaving this way in normal society is considered deranged, but in war it is all that keeps Charley alive. Can a warrior return home after his services as killer are no longer required, or is he doomed to wander alone the rest of his days? Despite his wrecked body and mind, Charley hasn't totally given up on life. There is beauty after destruction, pleasant surprises that soothe catastrophic hurt inside and out. Are these sufficient when most of one's existence is anguish? There's no simple answer, but the beauty of life is still there even when it feels beyond reach. The human heart, however badly scarred, can learn to cope with almost anything.
Barely more than a hundred pages, Soldier's Heart is potent without being long. Gary Paulsen wastes no time pushing us into the nexus of war, where we see things that will make almost anyone squirm. Scenes depicting the horrific damage done to horses by bullets will not soon exit your mind, and the sickening immediacy of Charlie's terror before each battle makes it clear to young readers there is no glory in the act of war, only in being willing to go through it for a worthwhile cause, though no man fully grasps what he's signing up for until he has been in battle. Soldier's Heart is something of a YA version of Erich Maria Remarque's All Quiet on the Western Front; it refuses to let us ignore the cost of being a soldier in combat. This is one of the most Robert Cormier-like novels Gary Paulsen wrote, and in fact it bears strong resemblance to Cormier's Heroes, published the same year (1998). The final chapter sets up the same emotionally powerful scenario as that book's. I rate Soldier's Heart three and a half stars, and I'd almost round up to four; perhaps I'll still do that. This is Gary Paulsen near his apex, a story that will leave you deeply distressed but wiser in the ways of the world. Whether or not you're a fan of the author's other work, I hope you'll read this one.