Human Space

by O.F. Bollnow

Human Space is a study of space as we experience it, and how this experience is expressed in our culture and imagination. Showing a great sensitivity to the near and the everyday, it is a highly idiosyncratic but accessible phenomenology, often surprising and insightful, which draws in equal measure on anthropology, etymology, philosophy, poetry and fiction. Originally published in 1963, it is a seminal contribution to what is known today as the ‘spatial turn’ in late twentieth-century philosophy and the aesthetics and phenomenology of atmospheres. Of all Bollnow’s books, Human Space has had the most lasting impact outside philosophy. Now in its eleventh printing, the German original continues to attract a diverse readership and has generated considerable interest in the domain of environmental psychology, architecture and urban design. A document of its time, it remains relevant today and opens a window on a wide range of early thinking in this field, including many sources that are still little known in the English-speaking world.


Table of Contents

Introduction
On the history of the question
Contrast with mathematical space
The concept of experienced space
The spatiality of human life

I. The elementary structure of space

1. The Aristotelian concept of space
Natural place
Space as a vessel

2. Word usage and etymology
Everyday linguistic usage
Linguistic references
‘Orte’ und ‘Stellen’ in space

3. The natural coordinate system
Vertical axis and horizontal upright man
The earth’s surface
The firmness of the ground and the forms of its loss
Front and man on the move
Right and left sides

4. The centre of space
The question of the zero point of space
Going away and coming back
Order around the centre
The finiteness of the world

5. The points of the compass
Orientation in space
Mythical geography
Other schemes of direction
Preferred places
Directions of travel and regions of life

6. Horizon and perspective
The double aspect of the horizon
Perspective
Perspective and horizon in the figurative sense

II. The wide world

1. Expanse, distance and the foreign
A new question
Pushing forward into the infinite distance of space
The Baroque interior
Narrowness and expanse
The foreign
Distance

2. The path and the road
The opening up of space
The origin of paths
Road-building
The road network
The alteration of space
a. The homogenization of space
b. Eccentric space
Man on the road
a. The forward urge
b. The loss of the dimension of width
c. The fleeting nature of human contact

3. The wanderer’s path
Wandering
The path
Aimlessness and timelessness
The joy of departure
Returning to one’s origins
The function of wandering

III. The security of the house

1. The meaning of the house
The house as centre of the world
Dwelling
Space and security
Bachelard on the joy of dwelling
The anthropological function
The vulnerability of the house

2. Sacred space
The return to mythological thinking
Sacred space
The house as image of the world
The city
Conclusion

3. The homeliness of the dwelling

4. Door and window
The door
The lock
The threshold
The window
Orientation in the environment
The transporting effect of the window

5. The bed
Hearth and table as the middle of the house
The bed as centre
Indications from linguistic and cultural history
Security in the bed
The upright posture
Lying down

6. Waking up and falling asleep
a. Waking up
The uncertain sense of existence
The building up of near space
The identification of place
b. Falling asleep
The return to the unconscious mind
The feeling of security
Deep sleep
The double movement of life

IV. Aspects of space

1. Hodological space
Distance
The cave-like character of the living space
Hodological space according to Lewin
Sartre’s continuation
The hodological structure of the landscape

2. Space of action
The extension of the hodological concept of space
The tangibility of objects in space
The ordering of space
The comprehensibility of living space
Room to manoeuvre
Extending the concept of the space of action

3. Day space and night space
The relationship between the two spaces
Day space
Twilight spaces
a. The forest
b. Fog
c. Falling snow
d. Twilight
Night space
a. Moving through the night
b. The descriptions of Minkowski and Merleau-Ponty

4. Mood and space
The sense of narrowness and expanse
The concept of mood space
The sensual-moral effect of colour
Interior spaces
The constricting space of the anxious heart
Euphoric space
A poetic confirmation

5. Presential space
The spatial character of sound
The purposeful freedom of dance
The changed relationship with space
Presential movement
Critique of Straus’s dualistic spatial schema

6. The space of human coexistence
The struggle for living space
The space of loving togetherness
The space-creating power of love
The foundation of the home
The common space of friendly co-operation

V. The spatiality of human life

1. Being-in-space and having-space
Intentionality as a starting point
Space as a medium
Forms of ...

Genres: Philosophy, Architecture, Geography

336 pages, Paperback

First published January 1, 2008