"To Miss Bishop, Stevens's greatest subject was not poetry, the supreme fiction. It was Florida, the supreme landscape. She introduced us to Stevens with a long discourse on Florida--'the state with the prettiest name,' she said--and returned to the subject repeatedly, always with affection and enthusiasm" (42).
"One did not interpret poetry; one experienced it. Showing us how to experience it clearly, intensely, and, above all, directly was the substance of her teaching. One did not need a sophisticated theory. One needed only intelligence, intuition, and a good dictionary. There was no subtext, only text. A painter among Platonists, she preferred observation to analysis, and poems to poetry" (56).
"What made the consensus singular in Robert's case was that none of his otherwise articulate admirers, most of them writers, could explain exactly what made his company so uniquely appealing.
Conversations about Robert with his friends often came around to that question. Even intimates like William Maxwell, who knew him for half a century, ultimately declared his allure ineffable. There was his intelligence, but it wasn't just that. Neither was it his swift, understated humor nor his native gentleness and humility. There was something else--impossible to describe--hidden at the core of his personality that kept the visible gifts in perfect accord. It was that harmony that made Robert so special [...] Being with him, I understood for the first time how legendary pilgrims recognize their next master. A few people truly possess an aura, a tangible sense of their integrity which draws one in" (62-63).
"Poe famously posits that no poem can be successfully sustained for more than about 120 lines" (69).
"The surface of the poem, Fitzgerald's method implied, *was* the poem. No epic survived the welter of history unless both its language and story were unforgettable. From a plot, posterity demands both immediate pleasure and enduring significance" (70).
"Years later I heard an astronomer explain that the 'simplicity and elegance' of a scientific solution represented the best criteria for its adoption. The simplicity and elegance of Fitzgerald's approach to poetry led me to question my own needlessly complicated assumptions" (70).
"'You cannot learn to write by reading English,' claimed Ezra Pound" (77).
"One recognized a genuine work of art by its *radiance*, the splendid clarity communicating not only its identity but its mystery. What we apprehend in art, therefore, is always greater than what we understand. Even in poetry, an art drawn from speech, most of a poem's essence remains, to use Rilke's term, 'unsayable.' We approach art not only with our intellect, but also with our imagination, intuition, and physical senses" (80).
"Fitzgerald began by quoting from three letters Gustave Flaubert sent to Louise Colet. ('A good prose sentence should be like a good line of poetry--*unchangeable*, just as rhythmic, just as sonorous.')" (83).
"Twice he quoted the maxim Seneca borrowed from Hippocrates, *Ars longa, vita brevis est*. Neither Seneca nor Hippocrates, he reminded us, implied that art endures, as the phrase is so often misconstrued. Instead, the Latin meant, as Chaucer aptly translated it, 'The lyf so short, the craft so long to lerne.' The humane arts are immensely difficult to master. They require a life of constant application" (84).
"Teaching hovers between two realities. First, there is the formal curriculum. Then there is what one really learns, which may have little to do with the syllabus. So much of what one absorbs comes neither from lesson nor lecture but from example. The way a person teaches becomes an essential part of what is taught. Robert Fitzgerald was a splendid teacher in both ways. [...] Whenever I read Maritain's phrase, 'the secrets of being radiating into intelligence,' I always think of Robert and the aura of wisdom and grace he brought into class. It is a light I still learn by" (87-88).
"Criticism should be a conversation about the experience of reading a literary work. It is not the paid patter of public relations; it should be an honest account of the critic's reactions. Our relation to a book--like most other things in life--is usually mixed. We like some aspects of a thing and not others. To articulate the slippery experience accurately is the challenge of criticism, even in the modest form of a book review. Literary culture depends on trust" (125).
"Ambiguity is a dangerous technique in poetry. When it works, it can create a mysterious and haunting atmosphere, a sense that the ultimate meaning lies just out of reach. When it fails, it results in pretense and obscurity" (136).
"Oblivion is the fate of most poets" (155).
Cheever interview:
"I give what is known as a drill. My favorite drills are: give me three pages on your imagined introspection of a jogger, write me a love letter written in a burning building, give me eight disparate incidents that are superficially alien and profoundly allied. I can't remember the other drills (I had about twenty). Flaubert used to drill de Maupassant, used to send him down to the Rouen railroad station where there were about twenty cab drivers and to tell him to describe each face in a sentence. Then Flaubert would go down and check and see how de Maupassant did" (165).
"Teaching, after all, is a profession, and an exalted profession, and one can't assume that it is simply a way of making money to continue some other occupation. If one tries to, the students will disabuse you of that idea very quickly" (175).
"Well, it seems to me that the impact is questionably social. The political burden that literature can carry is inestimably delicate. We have very little good political fiction. I can't, for example, think of a good political novel--that is, a novel that has corrective social power. The spiritual impact is, of course, what one seeks in fiction. It is for the depth of the emotion--to make memory more coherent, more creatively accessible" (175-176).