In a recent interview with Der Spiegel, the political scientist Gwendolyn Sasse warns that the idea that the USSR underwent a "peaceful breakup" in the late 90s is a dangerous mistake:
Spiegel: In your book you criticize a common misconception in the west - specifically, that the Soviet Union collapsed in a largely peaceful manner in 1991. But there were resulting wars in Abkhazia, South Ossetia, Transnistria, Chechnya.
Sasse: From a western perspective, these conflicts seemed distant and unimportant. However, tens of thousands of lives were lost, hundreds of thousands were expelled. The current war in Ukraine is also a consequence of the dissolution of the Soviet Union. There was no peaceful break-up of the Soviet Union. These perceptions reflect our judgments and misunderstandings, not the reality.
Spiegel: Also the hope for a free and peaceful era after the end of the Cold War.
Sasse: It was a time stamped by optimism and illusions. From the belief that a system of democracy and market economy had prevailed globally, and that there was a prospect of sustainable peace. These wars didn’t fit that. Thus how brutal the end of the Soviet Union was has long been overlooked. An imperium does not simply vanish: structures, identities, claims, and legacies continue to have an effect and lead us directly to Russia’s aggressive war against Ukraine.
I think this excerpt is worth quoting at some length because in the light of current events, le Carré's novel Our Game appears more relevant than ever, and leads the reader to a similar set of conclusions.
The primary action regards an ill-used ethnic group in the Caucuses called the Ingush, who have fought for survival and freedom for centuries against the hegemony and depredations of the Russians and their neighbors the Ossetians. At the beginning of the book, all these events seem relatively distant and unimportant to our protagonist, as to Sasse's putative westerner, even though he ran intelligence operations during the Cold War for decades with a Russian liaison who was himself Ingush, and whose family suffered terribly during the mass deportation of his people under Stalin.
But now the Cold War is over, and our hero or anti-hero believes that at last he can live simply and for himself, doting on his beautiful too-young-for-him girlfriend and living quietly in his country estate. Until the proverbial knock on the door late one night brings him the troubling news that his best friend and former report has vanished suddenly, drawing him back into the Great Game he thought he'd left behind.
The rest of the book unfolds with customary le Carré excellence, with many disturbing conundrums and surprises, which I will lead to the reader to discover. But I will note something about what I take to be the book's modernist influences - a certain note of T. S. Eliot's "Journey of the Magi" and Conrad's Heart of Darkness hang over the thing, and the attentive reader will note an interesting fact of its structure, which I would characterize as an antitype to Joseph Campbell's famous monomyth. The Hero's Journey, per Campbell, has three primary phases: departure, apotheosis, and return. The hero dies to their old life and is reborn with a new commitment, then returns to their point of origin with a "new dispensation," with what the Mahayana Buddhists have called "gift-bestowing hands."
There is a modernist counterpart which consists of exactly one half of this journey, but the apotheosis fails, and the powers of life prove to be inadequate to the challenge at hand, or at least to the psychology of our hero. It is this that reminds me of Eliot's poem about the Three Wise Men, who return from their journey "no longer at ease," having been transformed in a negative sense, no longer functional in the old regime but not at home in the new.
I'm a big le Carré fan and this book does not disappoint. Personally, I'd rank him above most of the contemporary aspirants to the literary, despite his work in genre fiction, both in depth and in technique, and his books are invariably fascinating case studies into matters of great contemporary relevance.