Detailed Summary of "12 Principles for Raising a Child with ADHD" by Russell A. Barkley
Introduction: Understanding ADHD
In the introduction of "12 Principles for Raising a Child with ADHD," Russell A. Barkley immediately addresses a common misconception that many parents and even individuals with ADHD may hold—that ADHD is a gift. Barkley argues that this perspective, though well-intentioned, can be misleading. He contends that ADHD is fundamentally a disability, not a gift, and this distinction is crucial for understanding the support that children with ADHD truly need.
This perspective initially struck me as harsh, but Barkley makes a compelling case. While it’s true that individuals with ADHD can develop coping mechanisms and strategies to leverage their strengths, this does not negate the fact that ADHD is a genuine disability that requires appropriate accommodations. I’ve often grappled with the idea of ADHD being a gift, but Barkley’s explanation clarified the distinction: it can’t be both a gift and a disability. Those with ADHD deserve the same level of support and understanding as those with other disabilities, without the stigma that they must excel or be treated differently just because of occasional strengths that come with the condition.
Barkley also emphasizes that ADHD is more about the development of the brain and its prioritization processes than anything else. He likens ADHD to being on autopilot, where making course corrections—adjusting behavior or focus—is inherently challenging. This resonated with my own understanding that ADHD fundamentally impacts how a person functions, especially in situations requiring sustained attention and inhibition.
Principle 1: Use the Keys to Success
Barkley begins with a crucial principle: success doesn’t come merely from talent or interest but from consistent effort and practice. This is particularly important for children with ADHD, who often struggle with sustained commitment unless they are deeply interested in the activity. The author advises parents to pay close attention to their child’s unique talents and interests, encouraging them to nurture these areas over time.
This aligns with my thoughts that parents must support their child’s passions, even if they don’t follow conventional career paths. Children with ADHD may excel in non-traditional areas, and it’s vital that parents recognize and encourage these talents. I also reflected on how schools often fail to support children with ADHD due to budget constraints and a focus on more visible disabilities, which limits the help available for children with high intelligence but behavioral challenges.
The importance of professional diagnosis and a supportive environment cannot be overstated. Barkley’s assertion that ADHD can affect lifespan due to risky behaviors also adds gravity to the need for early intervention and consistent support. I found it particularly thought-provoking when Barkley mentioned that society often highlights the success of famous individuals with ADHD in one area, while potentially ignoring struggles in other areas of their lives—reminding us that success in one field doesn’t mean all aspects of life are easy for those with ADHD.
Principle 2: Remember That It’s a Disorder!
This principle underscores the importance of acknowledging the 30% developmental gap in executive functioning that children with ADHD often face. Barkley suggests that instead of comparing children with ADHD to their peers, parents should focus on what they can do to support their child in achieving similar goals. This is a principle I strongly agree with, as I’ve observed firsthand how chunking tasks into smaller, manageable pieces can significantly help a child with ADHD.
Barkley also advises against rushing milestones, such as obtaining a driver's license, emphasizing that maturity in executive functioning must guide such decisions. This reminded me of the importance of gradual development rather than pushing children into situations they’re not ready for, which could lead to frustration or failure.
Principle 3: Be a Shepherd, Not an Engineer
Barkley’s metaphor of parents as shepherds rather than engineers encapsulates the idea that while parents can guide and protect, they cannot control every aspect of their child’s development. This is especially true for children with ADHD, whose unique characteristics require a nurturing environment more than rigid control.
I reflected on how this principle applies to my own experiences. For instance, while my daughter doesn’t struggle with overeating, she shows little interest in food, which contrasts with the typical issues Barkley describes. However, the principle of providing a healthy, supportive environment remains crucial. Barkley’s emphasis on physical activity and community involvement resonated deeply, as these are aspects that can greatly benefit children with ADHD by providing them with structured, positive outlets for their energy.
Principle 4: Get Your Priorities Straight
Barkley makes an interesting point about how individuals with ADHD are often more attentive to the present moment, which can be both a strength and a challenge. This principle reminds parents to focus on the present needs and strengths of their child, rather than worrying excessively about the future. I found this principle particularly insightful, as it aligns with the idea that people with ADHD can excel in activities that demand full engagement in the present, such as sports, music, or creative work. This concept also challenges the traditional notion of success, encouraging a broader perspective on what it means to thrive with ADHD.
Principle 5: Mindful Parenting: Be There and Be Aware
Barkley advocates for mindful parenting, which involves being fully present with your child, especially during interactions. This is a principle that I’ve always tried to practice, but Barkley’s emphasis on it being especially crucial for children with ADHD was a strong reminder. He stresses that when spending time with your child, it’s important to engage with them fully, rather than being distracted by other concerns. This not only strengthens the parent-child bond but also helps the child feel valued and understood.
Mindfulness, though often seen as a fluffy concept, has practical applications that can make a significant difference in the life of a child with ADHD. I reflected on how easy it can be to fall into the trap of being physically present but mentally elsewhere. Barkley’s advice reinforces the need to consciously focus on the present moment with your child, which can foster a deeper connection and better understanding of their needs.
Principle 6: Promote Your Child’s Self-Awareness and Accountability
Encouraging self-awareness and accountability is key in helping children with ADHD develop independence and self-regulation. Barkley suggests regular reflection times where children are prompted to think about their actions and their outcomes. This could involve checking in with them frequently or reviewing their day before bedtime to discuss what went well and what could have been better.
I found this principle particularly relevant to my own practices. My family often engages in reflection before bed, which has been beneficial in helping my daughter understand her day’s events and her reactions to them. Barkley’s suggestion to use video recordings as a reflection tool is also intriguing, as it provides a concrete way for children to see their behavior and learn from it without feeling criticized.
Barkley also emphasizes the importance of cues for self-reflection, which I’ve found effective. Setting random timers to check in on your child’s behavior can help them develop the habit of self-monitoring. This principle aligns with my belief that building self-awareness in children with ADHD is a gradual process that requires consistent effort and positive reinforcement.
Principle 7: Touch More, Reward More, and Talk Less
Barkley highlights the need for physical closeness and positive reinforcement when communicating with children with ADHD. He advises parents to get close, make eye contact, and use physical touch when giving instructions or praise. This principle is based on the idea that children with ADHD respond better to immediate, tangible cues than to abstract or distant communication.
I’ve seen the benefits of this approach in my own interactions with my daughter. Barkley’s advice to limit verbal commands and instead use physical and emotional connections is something I’ve found particularly effective. Overloading children with ADHD with too many instructions can lead to them tuning out, so keeping communication simple and direct is crucial.
Principle 8: Make Time Real
Time management is a significant challenge for individuals with ADHD, and Barkley stresses the importance of making time tangible for them. This can be done through the use of calendars, to-do lists, and visual timers, which help children understand the passage of time and the importance of deadlines.
I strongly agree with Barkley on this point. My daughter often struggles with keeping track of time, so we’ve found that external visual aids are invaluable. Barkley’s advice to persist in teaching time management skills, even when it’s difficult, aligns with my belief that these skills are essential for long-term success.
Principle 9: Working Memory Isn’t Working: Offload It and Make It Physical!
Working memory deficits are a hallmark of ADHD, making it difficult for individuals to hold onto information and use it effectively. Barkley recommends externalizing information—writing things down, using lists, and creating physical reminders to help manage tasks and responsibilities.
This principle resonates with my own observations. My daughter often needs reminders and visual aids to stay on track with tasks. Barkley’s emphasis on making problem-solving concrete, by writing things down or using physical tools, is something we’ve incorporated into our daily routines with great success.
Principle 11: Make Problem-Solving Concrete
Children with ADHD often struggle with abstract thinking and problem-solving. Barkley advises making these processes physical by using tools like writing, drawing, or manipulating objects. This helps children with ADHD to externalize their thoughts and work through problems more effectively.
In my experience, this principle is particularly important in education. For instance, when my daughter is learning new concepts, having the information physically in front of her—whether it’s a times table or a writing outline—makes a significant difference in her ability to understand and retain the material.
Principle 12: Be Proactive: Plan for Difficult Situations at Home and Away
Barkley concludes with a principle that encourages proactive planning for challenging situations. He acknowledges that while children with ADHD may struggle with self-control in certain scenarios, it’s essential to teach them coping strategies and give them the credit they deserve for their efforts.