Anton Chekhov was a Russian playwright and short-story writer, who is considered to be among the greatest writers of short fiction in history. His career as a playwright produced four classics, and his best short stories are held in high esteem by writers and critics. Along with Henrik Ibsen and August Strindberg, Chekhov is often referred to as one of the three seminal figures in the birth of early modernism in the theatre. Chekhov practiced as a medical doctor throughout most of his literary career: "Medicine is my lawful wife", he once said, "and literature is my mistress."
The Horse-Stealers Ward No. 6 The Petchenyeg A Dead Body A Happy Ending The Looking-Glass Old Age Darkness The Beggar A Story Without A Title In Trouble Frost A Slander Minds In Ferment Gone Astray An Avenger The Jeune Premier A Defenceless Creature An Enigmatic Nature A Happy Man A Troublesome Visitor An Actor’s End The Schoolmaster Enemies The Examining Magistrate Betrothed From The Diary Of A Violent-Tempered Man In The Dark A Play A Mystery Strong Impressions Drunk The Marshal’s Widow A Bad Business In The Court Boots Joy Ladies A Peculiar Man At The Barber’s An Inadvertence The Album Oh! The Public A Tripping Tongue Overdoing It The Orator Malingerers In The Graveyard Hush! In An Hotel In A Strange Land The Party Terror A Woman’s Kingdom A Problem The Kiss ‘Anna On The Neck’ The Teacher Of Literature Not Wanted Typhus A Misfortune A Trifle From Life The Cook’s Wedding Sleepy Children The Runaway Grisha Oysters Home A Classical Student Vanka An Incident A Day In The Country Boys Shrove Tuesday The Old House In Passion Week Whitebrow Kashtanka A Chameleon The Dependents Who Was To Blame? The Bird Market An Adventure The Fish Art The Swedish Match The Bishop The Letter Easter Eve A Nightmare The Murder Uprooted The Steppe The Darling The Duel Excellent People Mire Neighbours At Home Expensive Lessons The Princess The Chemist’s Wife The Schoolmistress A Nervous Breakdown Misery Champagne A Lady’s Story In Exile The Cattle-Dealers Sorrow On Official Duty The First-Class Passenger A Tragic Actor A Transgression Small Fry The Requiem In The Coach-House Panic Fears The Head-Gardener’s Story The Beauties The Shoemaker And The Devil The Wife Difficult People The Grasshopper A Dreary Story The Privy Councillor The Man In A Case Gooseberries About Love The Lottery Ticket The Witch Peasan
Dramas, such as The Seagull (1896, revised 1898), and including "A Dreary Story" (1889) of Russian writer Anton Pavlovich Chekhov, also Chekov, concern the inability of humans to communicate.
Born (Антон Павлович Чехов) in the small southern seaport of Taganrog, the son of a grocer. His grandfather, a serf, bought his own freedom and that of his three sons in 1841. He also taught to read. A cloth merchant fathered Yevgenia Morozova, his mother.
"When I think back on my childhood," Chekhov recalled, "it all seems quite gloomy to me." Tyranny of his father, religious fanaticism, and long nights in the store, open from five in the morning till midnight, shadowed his early years. He attended a school for Greek boys in Taganrog from 1867 to 1868 and then Taganrog grammar school. Bankruptcy of his father compelled the family to move to Moscow. At the age of 16 years in 1876, independent Chekhov for some time alone in his native town supported through private tutoring.
In 1879, Chekhov left grammar school and entered the university medical school at Moscow. In the school, he began to publish hundreds of short comics to support his mother, sisters and brothers. Nicholas Leikin published him at this period and owned Oskolki (splinters), the journal of Saint Petersburg. His subjected silly social situations, marital problems, and farcical encounters among husbands, wives, mistresses, and lust; even after his marriage, Chekhov, the shy author, knew not much of whims of young women.
Nenunzhaya pobeda, first novel of Chekhov, set in 1882 in Hungary, parodied the novels of the popular Mór Jókai. People also mocked ideological optimism of Jókai as a politician.
Chekhov graduated in 1884 and practiced medicine. He worked from 1885 in Peterburskaia gazeta.
In 1886, Chekhov met H.S. Suvorin, who invited him, a regular contributor, to work for Novoe vremya, the daily paper of Saint Petersburg. He gained a wide fame before 1886. He authored The Shooting Party, his second full-length novel, later translated into English. Agatha Christie used its characters and atmosphere in later her mystery novel The Murder of Roger Ackroyd. First book of Chekhov in 1886 succeeded, and he gradually committed full time. The refusal of the author to join the ranks of social critics arose the wrath of liberal and radical intelligentsia, who criticized him for dealing with serious social and moral questions but avoiding giving answers. Such leaders as Leo Tolstoy and Nikolai Leskov, however, defended him. "I'm not a liberal, or a conservative, or a gradualist, or a monk, or an indifferentist. I should like to be a free artist and that's all..." Chekhov said in 1888.
The failure of The Wood Demon, play in 1889, and problems with novel made Chekhov to withdraw from literature for a period. In 1890, he traveled across Siberia to Sakhalin, remote prison island. He conducted a detailed census of ten thousand convicts and settlers, condemned to live on that harsh island. Chekhov expected to use the results of his research for his doctoral dissertation. Hard conditions on the island probably also weakened his own physical condition. From this journey came his famous travel book.
Chekhov practiced medicine until 1892. During these years, Chechov developed his concept of the dispassionate, non-judgmental author. He outlined his program in a letter to his brother Aleksandr: "1. Absence of lengthy verbiage of political-social-economic nature; 2. total objectivity; 3. truthful descriptions of persons and objects; 4. extreme brevity; 5. audacity and originality; flee the stereotype; 6. compassion." Because he objected that the paper conducted against [a:Alfred Dreyfu