3/4 stars pre-Divine Comedies, 5 stars from Divine Comedies onwards.
In the first half of his career, Merrill's talent was uneven. His formal abilities were immense, but his ideas sometimes floundered and sometimes flew. With Divine Comedies, he struck upon a rich plethora of fantastic and real sources that enabled him to dwell on the innate complexity of our imaginative life. From there on, he consistently wrote with splendour, multifariousness, exotic yet real situations and above all, a disarming lightness of wit.
He was a man of divisions and paradoxes - born as an insider to wealthy America, his homosexuality cast him equally as an outsider; his politics until the mid-80s were distinctly elitist, but few poets have shown such a passionate awareness of the lives around him or described his familiars with so much force; a celebrant of the living force in people even and especially after their de facto death; an internationalist who dreamed of the unified home (his own parents' separation causing him imaginative fragmentation). He increasingly grasped how to express these paradoxes in symbol, across line break and through metaphors derived from the world of fiction (whether fairytales, The Arabian Nights, The Wizard of Oz), work or specific cultures he'd visited but realised in his own world. Throughout there's humour - an ironic knowing awareness that his dreams of particular people's afterlives are probably fantasies produced by his own desire for a different meaning to life than the procreative one, and to the one where memory can only recede endlessly.
And he was funny. He was a riot of laughter. Dogs, verticality, colour, declinism, ageism, time's jokes on the living - all induced witty retorts that seem endlessly fresh on the page.