A military studies professor and former combatant “rationally dissects the strategies and mindsets on both sides” of this thirty-year conflict (New York Journal of Books).
Since the fall of Saigon in 1975, there have been much discussion of why (and whether) America lost the war in Vietnam. The common belief is that the war was lost not on the battlefield but in Washington, DC. The stark facts, though, are that the Vietnam War was lost before the first American shot was fired. In fact, it was lost before the first French Expeditionary Corps shot, almost two decades earlier, and was finally lost when the South Vietnamese fought partly, then entirely, on their own.
Offering an informed narrative of the entire thirty-year war, this book seeks to explain why. Written by a combatant in six large battles and many smaller firefights who was also a leader with a full range of pacification duties, a commander who lost forty-three wonderful young men, Autopsy of an Unwinnable War is the result of a quest for answers by one who, after decades of wondering what it was all about, turned to a years-long search of French, American, and Vietnamese sources.
This is a story lived and revealed mainly by the people inside Vietnam who were directly involved in the war, from leaders in high positions down to the jungle boots and sandals level of the fighters—and among the Vietnamese who were living it. Because of what was happening inside Vietnam itself, no matter what policies and directives came out of Paris or Washington, or the influences in Moscow or Beijing, it is about a Vietnamese idea that would eventually triumph over bullets.
Colonel Haponsky is not a writer ("a soldier and a scholar", says he. Well! - sez I), in that he does tend to repeat himself a bit, or to treat his personal experiences as universal. Still, even if during his stint in Vietnam he was meekly following orders, his hindsight is fine, 20/20. And so he provides a solid summation of the long war, unwinnable for anyone but the North Vietnamese, who were the only ones to have well-defined long-term goals and a set of mostly workable strategies for achieving those. Recommended.
The first part of the book, the overview of the history form the closing days of WWII to the American entry into the war was excellent. The American involvement and period after US withdrawal doesn't provide much analysis, but a lot of anecdotes.
Col Haponski, accepts as a tenant that the war was unwinnable, by the French, Americans or South Vietnamese because the Vietnamese fought of national liberation, (not all wars of national liberation have been successful) then spend chapters analyzing and recommending or criticizing various tactics and strategies in a seemingly inconsistent manner.
I prefer to look at Viet Nam as a front in the Cold War against the spread of Communism, and the Cold war was won largely as a result of the wars on the periphery. It wasn't important that we won on every front as long as we won in the end.
The America War in Vietnam continues to haunt the generation that fought it and resisted it. The authors are both veterans of that war and have the insights that can only be known by experiencing the event. Colonel Haponski was inspired to write by the loss of 45 men under his command, one of whom was a high school classmate of mine.
The authors argue the premise that no one could have won a war against the Vietnamese determination for independence that is thousands of years old. They begin with the French War and segue into the American war. In addition to their historical research, the authors have done extensive research with original documents and interviews with surviving members of the French colonial forces, US forces, and NVA, VC and ARVN survivors.
They document the interpretations and plans of both sides in the war as the events unfolded, and the tragic misunderstandings the motivations of the Vietnamese by both the French and the US. They present convincing arguments that the US forces were not prepared by strategic doctrine or military equipment for this jungle war of liberation. The generals were WWII veterans who were used to overwhelming firepower used in defense of a welcoming population, and the US and South Vietnamese governments could not determine how to deal with a war of independence.
The conclusions are not pleasant, but it is necessary to come to terms with them, especially for the families of the dead, and those wounded who bear lifetime wounds. The need for a diverse game plan with equipment for many situations remains pertinent: in Gulf War I the camouflage uniforms were only green, and in Gulf II the HUMVs were not designed or protected for IEDs, as all design had focused on a European war situation.
This book complements the evaluation of General HR McMasters, the Vietnam veteran who wrote about the US misconceptions with the advantage of unclassified US documents. Colonel Haponski broader view fills in many questions that have been unanswered previously. I highly recommend this book.