Sci-fi arrived relatively late in China, and, objectively speaking, it still has some catching up to do with the global standard. But after reading The Three-Body Problem by Liu Cixin, I have no doubt that this single work has elevated Chinese sci-fi to world-class levels.
The Three-Body trilogy. comprising The Three-Body Problem, The Dark Forest, and Death’s End a is an impressive fusion of hard and soft sci-fi. It follows the Trisolarians, an alien civilization struggling with an unstable planetary system, as they embark on a long journey to conquer Earth. Along the way, the books introduce the “Dark Forest” theory and offer an intriguing explanation for the “Fermi Paradox.”
As a work of hard sci-fi, it’s a feast for the mind - filled with physics, sociology, cosmology, game theory, biology (and Liu’s own concept of “threatology”), all wrapped in bold and imaginative storytelling. I often found myself wondering: how can one person, even a highly skilled engineer, possess such an immense knowledge base? More impressively, organizing this wealth of information into a seamless, gripping narrative is an extraordinary feat. Without careful handling, it could have easily become an incoherent mess. But Liu pulls it off brilliantly. His imagination is surreal yet firmly grounded in physics, making even the wildest concepts feel plausible.
Ideas like the dark domain, the bunker project, the ladder project, curvature propulsion, and dimensional strikes, as well as social and psychological theories like crisis syndrome, the Dark Forest theory, and threatology, aren’t just empty speculation. They’re deeply thought-out and add layers of depth to the story, setting it apart from the hollow, superficial sci-fi that relies purely on fantasy.
What makes The Three-Body Problem even more remarkable is its versatility. It can be read as a rigorous hard sci-fi novel for intellectual exploration or as an engrossing literary work for pure enjoyment. Liu’s writing flows naturally, with a compelling narrative that keeps me hooked. His characters and storyline are well-structured, balancing individual struggles, interstellar conflicts, and the vastness of the cosmos in a way that evokes both awe and emotion.
The trilogy also presents a breathtaking vision of the aesthetics of technology. One of my favorite examples comes from The Dark Forest, where Liu describes “the droplet” - a piece of scientific imagination that feels both simple and profound:
”A perfect droplet shape, rounded at the head and pointed at the tail, with an extremely smooth, full-reflective mirror surface. The Milky Way is reflected as smooth light patterns on its surface, making this mercury droplet appear simple and beautiful.”
I can’t help but hope that one day, human civilization will achieve this perfect fusion of technology and art.
At its core, the trilogy is a meditation on morality. Throughout history, from ancient philosophy to the Renaissance, people have debated human nature and ethical dilemmas, but few works truly delve into them as deeply as The Three-Body Problem. The era of Daoism and Confucianism may be behind us, but today, more than ever, we need scientific thinking and a modern perspective on human nature. Liu’s novel provides just that.
The book presents 2 conflicting views of the universe: one that is moral and bright, built on love and inclusivity, and another that is indifferent, dark, and governed by cruelty and survival. The results? Love and morality, embodied by Cheng Xin, nearly lead humanity to destruction - twice. Meanwhile, Wade, who operates with zero morality, saves Earth, only to meet his downfall because of morality itself. As the book states:
”They (the Trisolarians) could have succeeded, and each time nearly did, but humanity managed to turn the tide through tenacity, cunning, and opportunity. After three centuries of journeying, their homeland perished in fire.”
The “Dark Forest” theory ultimately suggests that the universe is inherently amoral. This leads to a deeper, unsettling question about human nature: When faced with an existential threat, should we uphold our moral values, even at the cost of extinction? Or should we abandon morality to survive? Liu doesn’t provide a clear answer. Cheng Xin survives, and so does Earth, but the question remains open-ended. For some, survival is everything. For others, faith, dignity, and morality matter more than life itself. The book ends as it begins - posing an eternal question:
To be or not to be, that is the question.”
I’ve heard that The Three-Body Problem is being adapted into a movie, and I can’t wait. Great sci-fi deserves to be brought to the big screen, where cinematic visuals can amplify its impact and immerse audiences in its breathtaking universe.
5 / 5 stars
(This is a 3-in-1 review of The Three-Body Problem trilogy.)