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Entre l'oralité et l'écriture

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Tandis que la signification fondamentale du langage parlé pour l'interaction entre les hommes est largement reconnue, celle de l'écriture est moins connue. Dans la large série d'essais qui composent cet ouvrage. Jack Goody, ancien chef de département d'anthropologie sociale de l'Université de Cambrige et professeur émérite de cette Université, examine en profondeur les relations complexes et souvent déroutantes entre l'oralité et l'écriture. Il considère l'interface entre ces deux modes de communication dans trois contextes principaux : à l'intérieur des sociétés données, entre les cultures et les sociétés qui ont l'écriture et celles qui ne l'ont pas, et dans l'activité langagière de l'individu lui-même. Il analyse en particulier les séquences selon lesquelles les systèmes d'écriture changent dans l'histoire, les effets historiques de l'écriture sur les cultures eurasiennes et l'interaction entre les cultures de l'oralité et les cultures de l'écriture en Afrique occidentale. Pour conclure il examine les résultats de l'investigation sociologique comme de la recherche psychologique contemporaines relatives à la culture lettrée. Il produit à cette fin un corpus substantiel de preuves anthropologiques historiques et linguistiques, qui forme le complément de ses autres ouvrages sur l'organisation sociale et la logique de l'écriture.

323 pages, Paperback

Published January 1, 1994

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About the author

Jack Goody

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Sir John (Jack) Rankine Goody (born 27 July 1919) is a British social anthropologist. He has been a prominent teacher at Cambridge University, he was elected Fellow of the British Academy in 1976,[1] and he is an associate of the US National Academy of Sciences. Among his main publications are Death, property and the ancestors (1962), The myth of the Bagre (1972) and The domestication of the savage mind.

Jack Goody explained social structure and social change primarily in terms of three major factors. The first was the development of intensive forms of agriculture that allowed for the accumulation of surplus – surplus explained many aspects of cultural practice from marriage to funerals as well as the great divide between African and Eurasian societies. Second, he explained social change in terms of urbanization and growth of bureaucratic institutions that modified or overrode traditional forms of social organization, such as family or tribe, identifying civilization as “the culture of cities”. And third, he attached great weight to the technologies of communication as instruments of psychological and social change. He associated the beginnings of writing with the task of managing surplus and, in an important paper with Ian Watt (Goody and Watt, 1963), he advanced the argument that the rise of science and philosophy in classical Greece depended importantly on their invention of an efficient writing system, the alphabet. Because these factors could be applied to either to any contemporary social system or to systematic changes over time, his work is equally relevant to many disciplines.

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