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从东方到西方：汤因比环球游记
1956年至1957年，汤因比夫妇在退休后进行了为期17个月、针对三大洲、近20个国家和地区的环球旅行。本书并非有关这次旅行的连续记述，而是以汤因比独特的见解和他对世界历史、地理和宗教生活的深刻理解为基础而进行的一系列值得重视的扫描式记述。跟着汤因比的足迹，从伦敦出发，分别经过厄瓜多尔、秘鲁、印加岛屿、新西兰、澳大利亚、越南、菲律宾、香港、日本、印度和中东国家。
- GenresHistory
156 pages, Kindle Edition
First published January 1, 1958
2 people are currently reading
12 people want to read
About the author
Arnold J. Toynbee
692 books521 followersNot the same as Arnold Toynbee, economist and nephew of Arnold Joseph Toynbee
British educator Arnold Joseph Toynbee noted cyclical patterns in the growth and decline of civilizations for his 12-volume Study of History (1934-1961).
He went to Winchester college and Balliol college, Oxford.
During both world wars, he worked for the foreign office. He additionally published Nationality and the War (1915), The Armenian Atrocities: The Murder of a Nation (1915), The German Terror in France: An Historical Record (1917), and Turkey, a Past and a Future (1917). He attended the peace conference of Paris in 1919 as a delegate.
From 1919 to 1924, Arnold J. Toynbee served as professor of modern Greek and Byzantine at King's college, London. From 1925, Oxford University Press published The Survey of International Affairs under the auspices of the royal institute of international affairs, and Toynbee, professor, oversaw the publication. From 1925, Toynbee served as research professor and director at the royal institute of international affairs. He published The Conduct of British Empire Foreign Relations since the Peace Settlement (1928).
His first marriage to Rosalind Murray produced three sons and ended in divorce in 1946. Toynbee, professor, then married Veronica M. Boulter, his research assistant. He published Civilization on Trial (1948).
Toynbee served as research professor and director at the royal institute of international affairs until 1955.
People published best known lectures of Toynbee, professor, in memory of Adam Gifford as An Historian's Approach to Religion (1956). His massive work examined development and decay. He presented the rise and fall rather than nation-states or ethnic groups. According to his analysis, the welfare depends on ability to deal successfully with challenges.
He also published Democracy in the Atomic Age (1957), Christianity among the Religions of the World (1958), and Between Niger and Nile (1965).
He died in York, North Yorkshire, England.
British educator Arnold Joseph Toynbee noted cyclical patterns in the growth and decline of civilizations for his 12-volume Study of History (1934-1961).
He went to Winchester college and Balliol college, Oxford.
During both world wars, he worked for the foreign office. He additionally published Nationality and the War (1915), The Armenian Atrocities: The Murder of a Nation (1915), The German Terror in France: An Historical Record (1917), and Turkey, a Past and a Future (1917). He attended the peace conference of Paris in 1919 as a delegate.
From 1919 to 1924, Arnold J. Toynbee served as professor of modern Greek and Byzantine at King's college, London. From 1925, Oxford University Press published The Survey of International Affairs under the auspices of the royal institute of international affairs, and Toynbee, professor, oversaw the publication. From 1925, Toynbee served as research professor and director at the royal institute of international affairs. He published The Conduct of British Empire Foreign Relations since the Peace Settlement (1928).
His first marriage to Rosalind Murray produced three sons and ended in divorce in 1946. Toynbee, professor, then married Veronica M. Boulter, his research assistant. He published Civilization on Trial (1948).
Toynbee served as research professor and director at the royal institute of international affairs until 1955.
People published best known lectures of Toynbee, professor, in memory of Adam Gifford as An Historian's Approach to Religion (1956). His massive work examined development and decay. He presented the rise and fall rather than nation-states or ethnic groups. According to his analysis, the welfare depends on ability to deal successfully with challenges.
He also published Democracy in the Atomic Age (1957), Christianity among the Religions of the World (1958), and Between Niger and Nile (1965).
He died in York, North Yorkshire, England.
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Displaying 1 of 1 review
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September 6, 2025"A grant from the Rockefeller Foundation enabled Mr, Arnold J. Toynbee-and his wife- to spend seventeen months in travelling around the world. His account of this journey compresses so many disconnected scenes into its 221 pages of text that it suggests nothing so much as a cinema "travelogue" made by a hard-working photographer in perhaps seventeen strenuous days of our aeronautic age.
From the author of a pretentious Study of History... we naturally expect something more than appreciative notes on sunrises and mountains and temples, and Mr. Toynbee endeavours to answer our expectations.
He is undoubtedly a man of wide learning, an historian who can give us a thumbnail sketch of the Akkadian-Assyrian culture at the wiggle of a Super-constellation's wings.
He doubtless speaks with authority when he assures us that the architecture of Hindu temples is based on the Buddhist stupa rather than the Babylonian ziggurat.
But he can also give his admirers some very trying moments.
Indeed, readers who are not overawed by the bulk of the famous [Study of History] volumes may wonder whether anyone who has even a modest understanding of history would permit himself complacently to remark that in Vietnam, at least, "The Roman Catholic Church... has successfully shaken off its transitory association with the Western World."
In the course of his tour Mr. Toynbee, resolutely presenting an Open Mind to all the winds of Oriental doctrine, admired the "spiritual light that is radiating from the minds" of the natives of Burma, where at any moment "a mob of [Buddhist] monks may suddenly fling off the yellow toga and start fighting with staves, swords, revolvers, or even handgrenaders."
He made a pilgrimage to Mukhtara and learned, he says, the secret doctrines of the Druz.
Although he says that it would not be cricket to divulge these mysteries to the profane, he hints that this cult, which is generally regarded as a variant of Judaism garnished with a belief in metempsychosis, may be the Religion of the Future...
In all his journey the author apparently had but one moment of clear perception.
When he was in Northern Queensland his sympathy for the homogeneous white population of a region where no one need lock his door against thieves gave him an ominous vision of "those millions of East Asians who are now peering over the mountains of New Guinea at this transequatorial land of promise."
This glimpse will suggest to many readers an explanation of the determination of authorities in Washington and Moscow to build up at all cost the military strength of Indonesia.
But Mr. Toynbee's political perception, like his glimpse of the summit of Daulatabad, lasted but a moment.
It led only to a resumption of his affrighted twitterings about the horrors of atomics war. Australia, one gathers, must, like the rest of the civilized world, go down the drain of "Social Justice."
The climax of the journey evidently came in India, where Mr. Toynbee, who knows that masses are Nice because there is so much of them, is made ecstatic by "the courageous and imaginative Indian experiment" and by Savior Nehru's attempts "to persuade Russia and America to resign themselves to co-existence."
The success of these attempts is the "major concern of the human race," because the alternative is atomic war-and here, of course, the affrighted twitterings begin again.
It is remarkable that an historian and a philosopher of history seems never to wonder whether the situation that he deplores had a cause. Russia's ability to threaten atomic warfare is, it seems, a natural phenomenon, like the Aurora Borealis or the tides, and so beyond the purview of the historian.
Mr. Toynbee would doubtless twitter more than ever if some brash observer were to suggest that history is made by men, and that it therefore follows that his country and ours, having in twelve years fallen from a position of absolute military dominance to one in which they quail before the threats of well-armed savages, owe their present position either to traitors, who created the menace, or to fools, who refused to see an obvious danger.
And the man who has lectured his fellows on the importance of meeting "challenges" in history, sees no challenge in the undisputed fact that the future of the West remains in the hands of a school of men who, whether they are traitors or fools, have demonstrated their genius as architects of disaster.
East to West will convince many readers that all that they are likely to learn from Mr. Toynbee's histories is that Mr. Toynbee learns nothing from History."
Revilo P. Oliver in National Review, 27 Sep 1958
https://archive.org/details/sim_natio...
From the author of a pretentious Study of History... we naturally expect something more than appreciative notes on sunrises and mountains and temples, and Mr. Toynbee endeavours to answer our expectations.
He is undoubtedly a man of wide learning, an historian who can give us a thumbnail sketch of the Akkadian-Assyrian culture at the wiggle of a Super-constellation's wings.
He doubtless speaks with authority when he assures us that the architecture of Hindu temples is based on the Buddhist stupa rather than the Babylonian ziggurat.
But he can also give his admirers some very trying moments.
Indeed, readers who are not overawed by the bulk of the famous [Study of History] volumes may wonder whether anyone who has even a modest understanding of history would permit himself complacently to remark that in Vietnam, at least, "The Roman Catholic Church... has successfully shaken off its transitory association with the Western World."
In the course of his tour Mr. Toynbee, resolutely presenting an Open Mind to all the winds of Oriental doctrine, admired the "spiritual light that is radiating from the minds" of the natives of Burma, where at any moment "a mob of [Buddhist] monks may suddenly fling off the yellow toga and start fighting with staves, swords, revolvers, or even handgrenaders."
He made a pilgrimage to Mukhtara and learned, he says, the secret doctrines of the Druz.
Although he says that it would not be cricket to divulge these mysteries to the profane, he hints that this cult, which is generally regarded as a variant of Judaism garnished with a belief in metempsychosis, may be the Religion of the Future...
In all his journey the author apparently had but one moment of clear perception.
When he was in Northern Queensland his sympathy for the homogeneous white population of a region where no one need lock his door against thieves gave him an ominous vision of "those millions of East Asians who are now peering over the mountains of New Guinea at this transequatorial land of promise."
This glimpse will suggest to many readers an explanation of the determination of authorities in Washington and Moscow to build up at all cost the military strength of Indonesia.
But Mr. Toynbee's political perception, like his glimpse of the summit of Daulatabad, lasted but a moment.
It led only to a resumption of his affrighted twitterings about the horrors of atomics war. Australia, one gathers, must, like the rest of the civilized world, go down the drain of "Social Justice."
The climax of the journey evidently came in India, where Mr. Toynbee, who knows that masses are Nice because there is so much of them, is made ecstatic by "the courageous and imaginative Indian experiment" and by Savior Nehru's attempts "to persuade Russia and America to resign themselves to co-existence."
The success of these attempts is the "major concern of the human race," because the alternative is atomic war-and here, of course, the affrighted twitterings begin again.
It is remarkable that an historian and a philosopher of history seems never to wonder whether the situation that he deplores had a cause. Russia's ability to threaten atomic warfare is, it seems, a natural phenomenon, like the Aurora Borealis or the tides, and so beyond the purview of the historian.
Mr. Toynbee would doubtless twitter more than ever if some brash observer were to suggest that history is made by men, and that it therefore follows that his country and ours, having in twelve years fallen from a position of absolute military dominance to one in which they quail before the threats of well-armed savages, owe their present position either to traitors, who created the menace, or to fools, who refused to see an obvious danger.
And the man who has lectured his fellows on the importance of meeting "challenges" in history, sees no challenge in the undisputed fact that the future of the West remains in the hands of a school of men who, whether they are traitors or fools, have demonstrated their genius as architects of disaster.
East to West will convince many readers that all that they are likely to learn from Mr. Toynbee's histories is that Mr. Toynbee learns nothing from History."
Revilo P. Oliver in National Review, 27 Sep 1958
https://archive.org/details/sim_natio...
Displaying 1 of 1 review