American Security: Back to Basics

by Angelo M. Codevilla

The widespread assumption that America never again need worry about first-class security threats is abetting thoughtless cuts in U.S. military forces. Reduced military power, however, tends to turn allies into bystanders, to magnify minor threats, and to actualize potentially major threats. American security policy ought to be based on the assumption that, as Charles de Gaulle used to say, "the future lasts a long time," as well as on historical lessons. The founders built America's security on America's founding creed, on the best navy the country could afford, and on the state militias. Theodore Roosevelt summed up their common sense in the formula "Speak softly and carry a big stick." They dealt easily with emperors, tsars, shoguns, and sultans without either mincing the distinction between freedom and tyranny or attempting to reshape foreign regimes. Since 1917, U.S. policymakers have oscillated between a "realism" that denies that importance of the laws of nature and nature's God" and an "idealism" that denies the centrality of America's national interest. In recent years they have come to misunderstand the very role of military power, wasting America's patriotism and American lives. Today, halfhearted declarations about the internal affairs of other nations combined with cuts in U.S. military power amount to speaking loudly while shifting out stick away. Worse, because American policymakers and their families no longer serve in the armed forces, little sympathy remains between those who make security policy and those whose bodies enforce it. The only remedy is to reacquire the efficacious simplicity of the Founding Fathers' thought and habits.

35 pages, Paperback

Published July 1, 1994

About the author

Angelo M. Codevilla is professor emeritus of international relations at Boston University. Educated at Rutgers (1965) Notre Dame (1968), and the Claremont graduate university (1973), Codevilla served in the US Navy, the US Foreign Service, and on the US Senate Select Committee on Intelligence. He taught philosophy at Georgetown, classified intelligence matters at the US Naval Post graduate School. During a decade at Stanford’s Hoover Institution, he wrote books on war, intelligence, and the character of nations. At Boston University, he taught international relations from the perspectives of history and character.