Common interpretations of Sartre's early works such as "Existentialism is a Humanism" and parts of Being and Nothingness suggest that he was a die-hard moral relativist. Through a careful translation and analysis of Sartre's unpublished 1964 Rome Lecture Notes assisted by the explanatory social model laid out in Sartre's Critique of Dialectical Reason, Thiringer proposes a re-reading of Sartre's earlier works that defines freedom as the necessary condition for any morality at all. Thus Sartre's "ethics," in her view, is really an ontologically grounded metaethics.