A comprehensive roadmap of fundamental flaws in our system of government. Given the depressing, demoralizing nature and extent of the problems, I'm in awe of how optimistic and solution-oriented this book is. It's not a rant, it's a well-sourced repair manual.
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Problem
Money wins elections.
Electoral success is directly linked to fundraising. Fundraising puts the candidate in the pocket of wealthy donors. That's why politicians work for billionaires and corporations rather than the electorate. Wealthy communities are also more likely to run candidates, donate, and vote; politicians then lavish attention on them, ignoring poorer constituents.
"Worthy individuals will in fact rise from poverty on a regular basis and that will make it easier to ignore those who are left behind." Tyler Cowen, libertarian economist and billionaire evangelist.
Solution
Clean Elections.
Seattle, Berkeley, Arizona, and Connecticut each has a different form of publicly funded elections (democracy vouchers or small-donation matching) that allows candidates to run successfully without taking billionaire donations. Democracy vouchers are shown to increase low-income voting, which increases politician involvement with non-wealthy voters.
(Gasp, spend taxes to pay for candidates' campaigns???, you say? For context: the US spends $43B/yr on video games; it would cost $2.5B to publicly fund elections. The $2 trillion spent on the Iraq War would fund US election campaigns for 800 years.)
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Problem
Lobbying.
Congresspersons are required by both parties to spend 4+ hours per day begging for money fundraising. More if they're on a committee. Nonstop fundraisers are held in addition to that time, leaving little room for them to do their actual jobs. These financial responsibilities are met first and foremost by lobbyists. Additionally, the bulk of Congress's policy expertise is supplied by lobbyists. And about 50% of Congresspeople become highly paid lobbyists when they leave office. This incestuous relationship with lobbying forces Congresspersons to serve corporate profits rather than the good of their constituents.
Solution
1) Ban the Congress/lobbyist revolving door.
2) Publicly fund elections so that Congresspeople aren't dependent on lobbies.
3) Increase staff pay and headcount so that policy skill stays in Congress.
4) Create a citizen's lobby organization: the Consumer Protection Agency. (This idea was proposed by President Carter.)
5) Reconstitute the nonpartisan Office of Technology Assessment, which was killed by Republicans in 1995.
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Problem
Dark money.
It allows wealthy special interests to buy politicians without the public knowing. It removes accountability and prevents voters from being able to make informed choices.
Solution
Ban dark money, duh.
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Problem
Voter suppression.
A brief history: poll taxes, literacy tests (the appalling jelly bean test), byzantine ID laws, time taxes (lines deliberately made to be hours long), reducing polling stations in black communities, opposing early and absentee voting (except for the military, which tends to vote red).
"I don't want everybody to vote...Our leverage in the elections quite candidly goes up as the voting populace goes down." Paul Weyrich, co-founder of the Moral Majority and numerous conservative think tanks.
Solution
Reinstate the preclearance components of the Voter Rights Act, which were killed by the Supreme Court conservative wing in 2013. They worked extremely well for almost 50 years, and their removal led to an immediate flood of voter suppression bills.
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Problem
Rampant gerrymandering.
Solution
1) Citizen's, non-partisan, or bipartisan redistricting commissions, such as that created by Voters Not Politicians in Michigan.
2) Proportional Representation (prorep)--Instead of single-representative districts (with minorities represented by majority candidates), create large multi-representative districts. Every demographic winds up with representatives, and the reps work better together because they all represent the entire constituency. Most western democracies use this system, with excellent results.
3) Ranked Choice Voting (RCV). No more vote-for-the-lesser-of-two-evils, no more split votes capsizing the will of the people. RCV drastically reduces negative campaigning, because a) now the R's and D's have to run against numerous candidates which makes negative ads inefficient, and b) they're now hoping to pickup 2nd and 3rd choice votes, so can't afford to offend too many voters. RCV also saves tax money because it automatically eliminates primaries and runoff elections; all of that is covered by ranked choice.
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