Most nature/wildlife enthusiasts will already know a lot of the stuff talked about in this book: e.g. how eyespots can potentially scare away would-be predators, how certain animals use built-in "baits" to reel in prey (like the anglerfish for one), how certain colour patterns may confuse attackers (as in the case of tsetse flies vs zebras), how vibrant colour signals good health & vitality and thus attracts more mates, etc.
What was new to me was the content about UV light and polarisation. For many years, my botanist professor friend and I had wondered about the purpose of some spiders constructing a vertical zigzag pattern on their webs. I had become curious about this phenomenon after photographing several webs with said pattern (they are truly remarkable to see btw!). We came up with several theories for it, like for instance it being for web reinforcement purposes. This book finally gave me the answer I'd been looking for: the zigzag pattern is to reflect UV light, which in turn attracts insects to the web! (Many insects are attracted by UV light it seems.) And as for polarisation, it seems many animals have this innate ability to help reduce glare/reflection so as to aid with more effective hunting. Iridescence and its purpose was also talked about quite comprehensively in the book.
The majority of examples mentioned come with accompanying photos, which greatly helps you understand and see what the author means. I was disappointed at the few examples which did not have photos. Also, I was surprised that the book didn't cover pandas at all and their strange colouration.
The book offers reasonable (and in many cases, scientifically validated) explanations for many of the colouration choices in animals, usually from an evolutionary perspective. But it doesn't explain why any one particular colouration choice wouldn't be chosen by all animals, like for instance, why marine animals with low defences wouldn't all choose to be transparent, rather than just match the colour of one or a few seaplants. It also doesn't sufficiently explain how exactly certain animals adopt the colouration they do. For example, we are told that some cuckoos' offspring have skintones that match exactly the chicks they plan to parasitise. How on earth do they manage this?! And what about the octopuses that can precisely and almost instantaneously match the colour & mottling of the backdrops they choose to camouflage in? We are told in some cases that scientists still don't understand the reason(s) why certain animals are coloured the way they are (e.g. some monkey babies being brightly-coloured as opposed to their parents being dull brown/grey), but what about
how
other animals achieve their colouration? Yes, we are told in many cases that it comes from their diet (e.g. flamingos, shrimp, geckos), but what about in other cases, like the aforementioned cuckoo chicks?
Overall this was an interesting and educational read. However, the book ultimately raises more questions than it answers.
P.S.
Did you know that wasps have different faces?!
Another interesting thing I learned from this book. There is a close-up photograph included that researchers took of multiple different wasps from the same hive, showing that each has different colours/patterns on various parts of their head! They are indeed quite distinct! Now you know how they tell one another apart!