This book seemed to inspire a wide range of reviews. I agreed both with the 4-star ratings and with the 2-star ratings, depending on what section of the book I was reading. (Interestingly, it seemed that many of the highest ratings were from former substance abusers.) Like those reviewers who gave the book 1s and 2s, I thought the suggestions the author provided for "unhooking" were superficial. Undoubtedly true, as in "put as many blockades between you and your addictive activity or behavior as possible," but superficial nevertheless. In light of the book's title, I expected these to be the heart of the book. This is the main reason for the "2" rating.
Instead the core of the book is a series of case studies, which the author, psychotherapist and addiction specialist Fred Woolverton, uses to illustrate not only his patients' issues, but his style of therapy, which is more personal/paternal and aggressive than that of more traditional therapists. He believes that this approach is more effective with patients who suffer from compulsion and addiction, and the case studies help the reader appreciate why it works.
Woolverton reveals personal details to the reader as well. He is the son of a "raging alcoholic mother." Discussing his choice of profession, he notes:
"Horrible anxiety states caused by missing mothers. Chaotic mood swings. A world filled with darkness and danger. Was it any wonder why I was so drawn to the addict population?...As a child with an abusive alcoholic mother, nobody had come to my rescue. As an adult, I wanted to be the person I wished would have saved me from the troubles of my childhood."
Much of what Woolverton says about obsessions and addictions is fairly standard, but that doesn't make it any less true or valuable. For example:
* "I define an addiction as a compulsive reliance on any activity or substance that harms or deters your ability to function in one or more major areas of your life such as work, school, family, social, and intimate relationships. Often, the activity or substance is used to regulate emotional states that would otherwise feel intolerable if one did not use...I do not distinguish between 'hard' and 'soft' addictions. Whether it is Xanax, pot, sweet desserts, pornography, or too many weekend jaunts to Atlantic City, I have found that the specific substance or obsessive habit itself is of less importance than the chaotic and scary emotions that the substance is being used to regulate and repress."
* "What many people don't realize is that substance abuse is often what keeps you from getting what you want most in the world. Addictions inhibit emotional intensity and love. They act as blockades, often keeping users from being deeply involved with the people they care about and who care about them."
* "The first step to recovery and to recapturing your full life is to wake up emotionally and examine your daily life and rituals in a new way. You can overuse or abuse almost anything. An addiction is something that provides an escape, takes you out of yourself and allows you to get further away from the painful feelings and emotions we would all prefer to avoid. An addiction works short-term but fails miserably long-term because it winds up causing more problems than it solves."
* "Hiding or lying about it could be one mark that it's become an addiction. I constantly advise my patients to 'lead the least secretive life that you can.'"
* "It is my belief that you cannot successfully treat an addiction without confronting the deep, emotional issues that are giving rise to the substance abuse in the first place. If you do not dig deeply enough into the roots of the behavior, you will either start using again, or you will switch vices, sometimes without even realizing it. The goal is to let yourself feel horrible rather than just switching vices to avoid bad feelings."
* "Because the unconscious aim of addictive behavior is to alter, cure, or escape one's emotions, addictions inspire, fuel, and enhance self-deceptions...All the rules about relationships were made up in her head because her parents were never role models and never provided any useful or rational road map to follow...When she quit using her addiction to cope at 40, she was still a teenager emotionally and had to start over from where she left off."
* "The void that substances and activities seek to replace can never be filled. So a once-a-week habit that seems to momentarily placate emotional emptiness can easily become a daily or hourly compulsion. Yet the quantity of what you reach for will only get bigger, not smaller, because the void is endless and won't be satisfied. Instead of having to struggle with negative feelings and develop creative and constructive ways to cope, addicts soothe themselves with a quick hit while stunting their long-term emotional growth. They miss opportunities that could lead to expanding experience, understanding, and greater intimacy with others.
Occasionally there was some information which, if not entirely new to me, offered new insights, some of them haunting:
* "A common misconception about addicts is that they are hedonistic pleasure seekers. This is not the case. Most addicts and compulsives I have seen do not use substances or behaviors to seek pleasure. They are people out to avoid terrible pain. They use not for fun, but often just to feel okay and get through the day."
* "For people who have experienced severe trauma and family addiction, as I have, being happy, as many define it, is simply not an option. Trying to pursue conventional contentment is futile. The only way to generate ongoing happiness is to use substance or activity to get there. So you have to give up all hope of being blissful, revolve your life around rational rules, and aim for suffering and living well, and meaningfully...In Freud's famous theory of the personality, the id represents a primitive drive that follow the pleasure principle: if it makes me feel good (or takes away pain), I do it. The superego acts as the conscience, the naysayer, the rule maker. The ego mediates between the two. I find that addicts do not have a strong ego that can referee between their powerful, often childlike desires and the parental voice of admonishment that exists in their heads."
* "If you give credence to my philosophy, then nothing is ever going to feel as good as a child getting his or her mother's protection and adoration. For those not lucky enough to experience that kind of loving care in their first few years of childhood, nothing compensates for it later in life. At a certain point that window to internalize unconditional love closes. A large part of all addicts' recovery involves feeling intense sadness. They have to confront a huge empty space inside. In fact, I can trace my broken marriage, my parents' estrangement, and all my siblings' divorces back to my mother's inability to stop drinking."
* "Addicts benefit from having tough, skeptical people in their lives who do not trust their judgment, who are cynical about their promises, and who have the courage to say no and make the addicts prove themselves (again, another reason why an addiction specialist, a tough shrink, or an AA colleague helps).
* "I sometimes counter-intuitively tell patients beginning treatment, 'Don't trust your instincts, they are always wrong.' That's because the feelings, urges, and instincts of addicts and compulsives will always steer them away from turbulence and fear they don't want to face and lead them back to the habits that soothed them. Underlying every substance problem I have ever seen, whether the substance is alcohol, cocaine, pornography, sex, exercise or food, is deep depression that feels unbearable. It is not, in fact, unbearable. But it feels like it. Addicts are extremely sensitive, overwhelmed by big emotions...The minute they give up their compulsions they feel raw, agonized, and vulnerable. 'I warn people in early stages of recovery: you will feel like a burn victim who has no skin.'"
* "I do not believe in the school of thought that allows former alcoholics to drink once in a while. I have never seen the practice of 'occasional use' work. Although your desire to return to your habit might remain dormant for years, you must understand that it is always there. While your cravings might feel less intense, the loss is not going to disappear. Some rules are meant not to be broken. It's black and white. Don't let your mind play tricks on you or your emotions will take over your common sense. The answer is simply no."
My final thought, as I re-read these quotes, is that had the book been shorter and contained more substantive recommendations, I might have moved my rating up to a 3 or 4.