Although I recognize that this book had to appeal to the masses to become a groundbreaking work and the beginning of linguistic studies of gendered language use, at times its points were too anecdotal and too exaggerated to feel serious, let alone scientific. I would have appreciated actual evidence for Lakoff's observations and less "all or nothing" statements.
A ‘CLASSIC’ IN THE FIELD OF STRIVING TO ACHIEVE GENDER-NEUTRAL LANGUAGE
Robin Lakoff (1942-2025) was a linguist and professor emerita at UC Berkeley. [NOTE: I am reviewing the original 1975 edition of this book, not the later ‘Text and Commentaries’ edition.’]
She wrote in the Preface, “In this book I have tried to see what we can learn about the way women view themselves and everyone’s assumptions about the nature and role of women from the use of language in our culture, that is to say, the language used by and about women… By looking at the way we customarily talk if we are women, or talk about women whoever we are, we can gain insight into the way we feel---about ourselves, about women---through close analysis of what we say and how we say it until in the end we can ask and perhaps even answer the question: WHY did I say it? It is my hope, then, to look at some of these linguistic issues and see what they tell us.” (Pg. 1)
She observes, “If a little girl ‘talks rough’ like a boy, she will normally be ostracized, scolded, or made fun of. In this way society, in the form of a child’s parents and friends, keeps her in line, in her place. This socializing process is… harmless and often necessary, but in this particular instance---the teaching of special linguistic uses to little girls---it raises serious problems… the acquisition of this special style of speech will later be an excuse others use to keep her in a demeaning position, to refuse to take her seriously as a human being. Because of the way she speaks, the little girl---now grown to womanhood---will be accused of being unable to speak precisely or to express herself forcefully.” (Pg. 5-6)
She notes, “It is of interest… to note that men’s language is increasingly being used by women, but women’s language is not being adopted by men… This is analogous to the fact that men’s jobs are being sought by women, but few men are rushing to become housewives or secretaries. The language of the favored group, the group that holds the power… is generally adopted by the other group, not vice versa.” (Pg. 10)
She states, “Allowing men stronger means of expression than are open to women further reinforces men’s position of strength in the real world: for surely we listen with more attention the more strongly and forcefully someone expresses opinions, and a speaker unable… to be forceful in stating his views is much less likely to be taken seriously.” (Pg. 11)
She comments concerning “the use of ‘lady’ in job terminology. For at least some speakers, the more demeaning the job, the more the person holding it (if female, of course) is likely to be described as a ‘lady.’ Thus, ‘cleaning lady’ is at least as common as ‘cleaning woman’… But one says, normally, ‘woman doctor.’ To say ‘lady doctor’ is to be very condescending: it constitutes an insult. For men, there is no such dichotomy. ‘Garbageman’ or ‘salesman’ is the only possibility, never ‘garbage gentleman.’ And of course, since in the professions the male is unmarked, we never have ‘man (male) doctor.’” (Pg. 22-23)
She continues, “the term [may] seem polite at first, but … these implications are perilous: they suggest that a ‘lady’ is helpless, and cannot do things for herself… [This] is parallel to the act of opening doors for women---or ladies. At first blush it is flattering… but by the same token, she is considered helpless and not in control of her own destiny. Women who protest that they LIKE receiving these little courtesies, and object to being liberated from them, should reflect a bit on their deeper meaning and see how much they like THAT.” (Pg. 25)
She points out, “While sharp intellect is generally considered an unqualified virtue in a man, any character trait that is not related to a woman’s utility to men is considered suspect, if not downright bad. Thus the word ‘brainy’ is seldom used of men; when used of women it suggests (1) that this intelligence is unexpected in a woman; (2) that it isn’t really a good trait. If one calls a woman ‘smart,’ outside the sense of ‘fashionable,’ either one means it as a compliment to her domestic thrift and other housekeeping abilities or, again, it suggests a bit of wariness on the part of the speaker.” (Pg. 32)
She argues, “a man may be considered a bachelor as soon as he reaches marriageable age: to be a bachelor implies that one has the choice of marrying or not, and this is what makes the idea of a bachelor existence attractive… He has been pursued and has successfully eluded his pursuers. But a spinster is one who has not been pursued… she is old unwanted goods. Hence it is not surprising to find that a euphemism has arisen for ‘spinster’ … ‘bachelor girl,’ which attempts to capture for the woman the connotations ‘bachelor’ has for a man. (Pg. 32-33)
She explains, “‘widow’ commonly occurs with a possessive preceding it, the name of the woman’s late husband. Though he is dead, she is still defined by her relationship him. But the bereaved husband is no longer defined in terms of his wife. While she is alive, he is sometimes defined as Mary’s husband (though less often … than she is … ‘John’s wife’). But once she is gone, her function for him is over, linguistically speaking.” (Pg. 34-35)
She points out, “The change to ‘Ms.’ will not be generally adopted until a woman’s status in society changes to assure her an identity based on her own accomplishments. Perhaps even more debasing than the Mrs./Miss distinction is the fact that the woman in marrying relinquishes her own name, while the man does not. This suggests even more firmly that a woman is her husband’s possession, having no other identity than that of his wife. Not only does she give up her last name… but often her first name as well, to become ‘Mrs. John Smith.’” (Pg. 41)
What about pronouns? (e.g., he/she/they/them): “MY feeling is that this area of pronominal neutralization is both less in need of changing and less open to change than many of the other disparities… and we should perhaps concentrate our efforts where they will be moist fruitful. But many nonlinguists disagree…” (Pg. 45)
This book will be of great interest to those wanting to use ‘inclusive’ language.
I remember studying this for AS Level English Language and hating it. For language, there was a focus on: gender, power and technology. I hated gender and analysing the difference between 'women's' and 'men's' questions, which I hated it. I personally preferred 'language and power' by Norman Fairclough.
If you're a linguist/studying language then I'd definitely recommend Fairclough/Crystal over Lakoff.
به درستی میتوان اظهار داشت که هیچ کتاب، مقاله یا پایاننامهای، فاقد سوگیری یا گرایشهای غرضورزانه نیست و البته این موضوع نیز که قضاوت خواننده هم ناشی از برداشت مغرضانهی وی در مواجهه با متن پیش رویش بوده، حائز توجه است. کتاب زبان و جایگاه زن، خود برداشتی است از مختصات زنان در فرهنگِ رفتاریِ زبان انگلیسیِ آمریکا که به همت پروفسور لیکاف، استاد و پژوهشگر زبانشناسِ دانشگاه برکلیِ کالیفرنیا نوشته شده است. این کتاب عمده شهرت و اعتبار لیکاف را به ارمغان آرود؛ لیکافی که خود پرورشیافتهی عصر انقلابی آمریکا و متأثر از کلاسهای درس چامسکی است، به خوبی منش و پیشینهی زبانشناسی را میشناسد و کتاب حاضر از این حیث، کتابی آموزنده و آگاهکننده است. لیکاف با اشاره به تحولات اساسی و مهم سیر زبانشناسی و بخصوص حضور چامسکی در این وهلهی مهم، به شرح، نقد و واکاویِ علمیِ مفهوم زبان، رفتار زبانی و پیوستگی این دو مورد با زنان و زنانگی میپردازد. او خود واقف به این نکته است که این حیطه (مطالعات زنان)، نسبت به زمانی که او دست به نگارش کتاب زده، دستخوش تغییراتی در صورتها و شکلهای بیرونی خود است اما ریشهیابیهای دقیق او ما را متوجه غفلتهایی عظیم در ارتباط با درک و بسط نظام زبانشناسانهی زنان و صد البته فمینیسم میکند. این کتاب که به واقع در دو بخش کلی متمرکز است، در بخش آغازین که عنوان اصلی کتاب را نیز یدک میکشد، ما را با زبان خاص زنان آشنا میکند و مخاطب را متوجه گونهی مورد استعمالی از زبان میکند که در آن مردان و مردم، خودانگارهی زن را تعریف میکنند. در بخش دوم لیکاف از ماهیت این تعریف میگوید و فرهنگ، کلیشهها و شناسنامهی زیستهی خود و زنان دیگر را با ارائهی حقایقی آزمونشده و متحیّرکننده برای مخاطب شرح میدهد و به قصد ایجاد بستری تغییردهنده و مثبت، خواننده را با خود همراه میکند؛ خوانندهای که در پایان این بخش یا به نوعی پایان کتاب، با تقریب نسبتاً خوبی میتواند به این پرسش پاسخ دهد که «چرا زنان خانماند؟».
I enjoyed reading this for a linguistics class focusing on gender and sexuality. While Lakoff's text has been rightfully contested for some points, including the validity of her research methods and some comments that she makes regarding language used by gay men (and academic men), her argument serves as a valuable landmark for the beginning of an investigation of Women's Language. The commentary at the end serves to contextualize Lakoff's work with this criticism in mind, and to attach some more contemporary thinking to substantiate and sometimes dismantle her points. I did not find all of the back matter to be useful (some of it mostly describes the personal impact that Lakoff's work has had on the author of the article), but each piece generally offers a perspective that rounds out the whole.
Demasiado repetitivo. Me tuve que leer por encimita varias páginas y aún así seguía hablando de lo mismo.
Es increíble ver cómo en aproximadamente 40 años la sociedad no ha cambiado mucho para que este libro escrito en los años setenta siga siendo relevante. A pesar de ser un poco anticuado creo que es un libro adecuado para llevar a cabo una investigación más reciente sobre el tema, con diferentes métodos de investigación que no sea "yo creo," "yo siento," etc.
Me lo leí en español y la verdad lo recomiendo en inglés, su idioma nativo, ya que como hablante nativa del inglés me pareció demasiado difícil comprender los ejemplos traducidos.
توقعم بالاتر بود. کتاب چنان درباره زبان حرف نزده بود. بیشتر حقایق فمینیستی بود که به ندرت اشاره ای به زبان داشتن و برخی از اونها هم به نظر من بدبینانه می اومدن. به هر حال کتاب متعلق به سال 1970 هست و از اون زمان تا حالا خیلی چیزها فرق کرده و این جای شکرگزاری داره. زبان واقعیت دنیای پیرامون ما رو منعکس میکنه. اینکه میبینیم زبان به شدت جنسیت زدۀ سال 70 الان تا حدی تغییر کرده یعنی برابر�� اجتماعی بیشتری بین زنان و مردان به دست اومده و این یه پیشرفت بزرگه
شاید امروز این کتاب حرف نویی در این حوزه نداشته باشد اما باتوجه به زمان انتشار، کتابی بسیار قابل تامل و خواندنی در زبانشناسی و مطالعات ترجمه و ... محسوب میشود
This book heralded the beginning of the linguistic subfield of language and gender studies, as well as ushered in the study of language and gender in related disciplines such as anthropology, communication studies, education, psychology, and sociology. Since its appearance, it has been widely read, reviewed, and discussed, as well as inspiring a vast body of research. The clarity and wit with which Lakoff presents her ideas has made the book both enjoyable and indispensable. It occupies canonical status in linguistics. (Above text excerpted from "Language and Woman's Place: Text and Commentaries" revised and expanded edition, edited by Mary Bucholtz, Oxford UP, 2004.)
On a more personal note, this book was a gas. While it shows its age, it is also a classic in the sense that nothing much has changed--its arguments still hold water. I think what I love most about this book is Lakoff's authentic voice. She is simply reporting what she knows by way of moral authority. It is free of citation because Lakoff isn't standing on the shoulders of others to make her observations but is making them with boots on the ground. She is direct, sassy, and someone I'd really like to be friends with. I'd buy this book--a used copy (mine is the first edition booya!), for all my friends and bribe them to read it before taking them to lunch where we'd discuss it. I'd love to chat about other peoples' take on Lakoff's observations made almost 50 years ago; they're so uncanny. We just don't realize the soup we swim in, People, and how we're really just treading water (soup). I share Lakoff's hope--largely unrealized all these years later--that society fix gender inequality evidenced in and perpetuated by our language. BTW, this book is part of my PhD dissertation on gender and genre. Facinating. So much fun--not just for lit/rhet geeks like me, but pretty much for every thinking human who likes to laugh at themselves (and others). Enjoy.
This book is great. I want to buy a dozen copies of it and carry them round with me to throw at people who refer to women as "ladies".
Despite the academic subject matter, I found Lakoff's writing engaging, and I didn't have to work very hard to follow her arguments, which for the most part are very convincing. It's also very short, so all in all, I don't think there's any need to be intimidated by this book.
It definitely isn't perfect. There are a few limits to it's scope which Lakoff mentions (such as the fact that she's only talking about the US, and only within a specific time period) and a couple of problems she doesn't mention (e.g. sometimes she talks as though the fight for civil rights has progressed further than the fight for women's rights). However there's an updated version of the book, which I haven't read, which contains a number of further essays, and might well address some of these points.
Overall this book is a real classic; you can see the roots of a lot of the ideas of modern day feminism within it, and so it's well worth a read for anyone with even a passing interest in feminism, gender, or language.
In language and woman's place, it strikes me as odd that at the end of part 1 Lakoff suddenly criticises amongst others the movement to change the pronomial neutralization away from the standard 'he' for both males and females. She writes that "[T]his area (...) is both less in need of changing and less open to change than many of the other disparities that have been discussed earlier (...)" p. 45. This is ironic to me as she's just written 44 pages just about the nonparallels in language like this, now dismissing something similar to the way her previous arguments would be waved away --> "it can't be changed".
Now I have the unfair advantace of reading this book almost 40 years after publishing while living in a country where a third genderneutral personal pronoun has been introduced, but all the examples that she gives like master/mistress, widow/widower to me, now in 2014, seem really just examples of the same thing. Or is this "theoretical linguism" (I'm not a linguist) providing a radically different point of view?
I wonder how irked Lakoff was in using the general "himself" and "he". It seems hypocritical but completely understandable when you focus on the fact that she is trying to convey understanding and comprehension.
A lot of points seemed extreme.. and a little far-fetched. Being that this is from 1973, I feel that times have changed a lot. Quite a bit is still applicable to today's society still.
As others have noted, this book is now over 30 years old, so it's not as fresh as it once was, but it's still a brilliant piece of scholarship and was groundbreaking at the time.