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墓標なき草原――内モンゴルにおける文化大革命・虐殺の記録 #1-2
沒有墓碑的草原: 內蒙古的文革大屠殺實錄
關於西藏和新疆問題，
你可以讀王力雄的《天葬》和《你的西域，我的東土》，
關於蒙古，你只能讀楊海英的《沒有墓碑的草原》。
第十四屆司馬遼太郎大獎作品
蒙古，曾經縱橫世界版圖的鐵騎民族，今天蒙古人只有400多萬，而生活在內蒙的漢人則有1800萬。隨著漢人移民和農業墾殖，美麗的草原也越發變得荒漠化。而在政治上，從晚晴以降的蒙古精英階層，到文革幾乎被屠殺殆盡，在那個清算與鬥爭的年代，身為「蒙古人」，是苦難的唯一原罪。
本書還原才從晚清以來的內蒙古，在民族自決、國家獨立之途上的重重困厄，以至於被中國納入版圖後至文革時期發生的屠殺真相，弔祭未竟全功的草原英靈。本書以十四位蒙古人的述說為軸心，透過描述他們的人生命運及民族命運，並參考了大量國際關係與中國整體的時政、歷史資料，建構了一幅沒有墓碑的荒蕪草原圖景。本書由以下四個部分構成：
第一部分：清帝國瓦解後，沐浴日本近代教育的蒙古知識人如何在嚴酷的中共政治運動中努力探尋民族生存之道。中共對蒙古人民族自決運動的否決以及迫害，實質上就是中共對日本殖民統治的間接清算。
第二部分：進入中共建政時代，蒙古東部草原依舊培育了無數的新知識青年，但在文革爆發後，這些青年無一例外地遭到了肅清，因為被父輩們的「對日協力者＝偽滿日奸」之「原罪」株連。
第三部分：最初參加共產黨陣營的蒙古人，主要是土默特和鄂爾多斯地區的蒙古人，曾是「根正苗紅的延安派」。中共有效地利用了延安派肅清和瓦解東蒙幹部。達到目的之後，「無用的」延安派也被整肅。最後，蒙古民族精英整體被迫害殆盡。
第四部分：文革期間，共產黨和被煽動、被愚弄的漢人對蒙古人的殺戮規模之大，時間之長，為歷史罕見。內蒙古草原化作了駭人聽聞的大屠殺原野。男人遭清算，女人被強姦，牧民被強制內遷，家園由漢地移民居住，母語被禁言，這一部分記錄了民族大屠殺的倖存者從不同角度的證言。
內蒙古的現當代史就是蒙古固有的領土遭受外來侵略和分割，被迫捲入政治陰謀而慘遭大屠殺的過程，也是傳統遊牧經濟形態被迫迅速消失的過程，而侵入內蒙古，建立殖民地的外部勢力，對蒙古人進行分而治之的是中國和日本，只不過發動民族大屠殺的則只有中國。這，就是追溯通向大屠殺之路的一個蒙古人學者的視點。
得獎記錄
本書日文版《墓標なき草原》榮獲第十四屆司馬遼太郎大獎
本書特色
成吉思汗的子孫為何隕落？
內蒙古的近現代史，是蒙古固有領土遭受外來侵略、分割，被迫捲入政治陰謀而慘遭大屠殺的過程。「天蒼蒼，野茫茫，風吹草低現牛羊」如今已不復見，傳統遊牧被漢人殖民的農墾經濟取代。政治、生活、文化、歷史……蒙古人所擁有的一切即將消失殆盡……
任人欺凌之後，少數民族的未來何在？
從近代至今，殖民地統治和大量虐殺是少數民族統治的基本特徵，而目的則是文化上的種族滅絕──而「消滅了人民和文化」的正是暴力共產革命！蒙古人面臨的是抄家滅族的清算，而中共政權當局卻能一笑置之、雲淡風輕？
你可以讀王力雄的《天葬》和《你的西域，我的東土》，
關於蒙古，你只能讀楊海英的《沒有墓碑的草原》。
第十四屆司馬遼太郎大獎作品
蒙古，曾經縱橫世界版圖的鐵騎民族，今天蒙古人只有400多萬，而生活在內蒙的漢人則有1800萬。隨著漢人移民和農業墾殖，美麗的草原也越發變得荒漠化。而在政治上，從晚晴以降的蒙古精英階層，到文革幾乎被屠殺殆盡，在那個清算與鬥爭的年代，身為「蒙古人」，是苦難的唯一原罪。
本書還原才從晚清以來的內蒙古，在民族自決、國家獨立之途上的重重困厄，以至於被中國納入版圖後至文革時期發生的屠殺真相，弔祭未竟全功的草原英靈。本書以十四位蒙古人的述說為軸心，透過描述他們的人生命運及民族命運，並參考了大量國際關係與中國整體的時政、歷史資料，建構了一幅沒有墓碑的荒蕪草原圖景。本書由以下四個部分構成：
第一部分：清帝國瓦解後，沐浴日本近代教育的蒙古知識人如何在嚴酷的中共政治運動中努力探尋民族生存之道。中共對蒙古人民族自決運動的否決以及迫害，實質上就是中共對日本殖民統治的間接清算。
第二部分：進入中共建政時代，蒙古東部草原依舊培育了無數的新知識青年，但在文革爆發後，這些青年無一例外地遭到了肅清，因為被父輩們的「對日協力者＝偽滿日奸」之「原罪」株連。
第三部分：最初參加共產黨陣營的蒙古人，主要是土默特和鄂爾多斯地區的蒙古人，曾是「根正苗紅的延安派」。中共有效地利用了延安派肅清和瓦解東蒙幹部。達到目的之後，「無用的」延安派也被整肅。最後，蒙古民族精英整體被迫害殆盡。
第四部分：文革期間，共產黨和被煽動、被愚弄的漢人對蒙古人的殺戮規模之大，時間之長，為歷史罕見。內蒙古草原化作了駭人聽聞的大屠殺原野。男人遭清算，女人被強姦，牧民被強制內遷，家園由漢地移民居住，母語被禁言，這一部分記錄了民族大屠殺的倖存者從不同角度的證言。
內蒙古的現當代史就是蒙古固有的領土遭受外來侵略和分割，被迫捲入政治陰謀而慘遭大屠殺的過程，也是傳統遊牧經濟形態被迫迅速消失的過程，而侵入內蒙古，建立殖民地的外部勢力，對蒙古人進行分而治之的是中國和日本，只不過發動民族大屠殺的則只有中國。這，就是追溯通向大屠殺之路的一個蒙古人學者的視點。
得獎記錄
本書日文版《墓標なき草原》榮獲第十四屆司馬遼太郎大獎
本書特色
成吉思汗的子孫為何隕落？
內蒙古的近現代史，是蒙古固有領土遭受外來侵略、分割，被迫捲入政治陰謀而慘遭大屠殺的過程。「天蒼蒼，野茫茫，風吹草低現牛羊」如今已不復見，傳統遊牧被漢人殖民的農墾經濟取代。政治、生活、文化、歷史……蒙古人所擁有的一切即將消失殆盡……
任人欺凌之後，少數民族的未來何在？
從近代至今，殖民地統治和大量虐殺是少數民族統治的基本特徵，而目的則是文化上的種族滅絕──而「消滅了人民和文化」的正是暴力共產革命！蒙古人面臨的是抄家滅族的清算，而中共政權當局卻能一笑置之、雲淡風輕？
660 pages, Kindle Edition
First published December 18, 2009
8 people are currently reading
64 people want to read
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Displaying 1 - 4 of 4 reviews
June 15, 2018
Монгол хүн бүрийн заавал уншвал зохих номсын нэг. Хилийн цаана Монгол байдгийг ч мэдэлгүй өссөн 70, 80, 90-ээд оныхон эх орондоо болж өнгөрсөн хэлмэгдүүлэлтийг мэдэхээс мэдэхгүй нь их байдаг. Мэдэх хүн бүрийн элэг зүрх эмтэрч, халуун хөнжлөөсөө хүйтэн хөлсөө цувуулан бажгадах гашуун он жилүүдийн хашхираан өнөөдөр дуулдахгүй мэт бүдгэрч эргээд бид социалист нийгмээ хүсэмжлэх болж. Гэтэл хилийн цаана хуйсагнах салхи хатсан цусны эхүүн үнэр тарааж, элэг нэгт монголчууд цаг бусын үхлээс ч аймшигт яргалал хүчирхийллийн дор дагжин чичирч байсныг хагас зууны дараа уншин суухад сүнс зайлж, хорвоо лугаа нөхцөхийн үр тасрах мэт болов.
Марксизм, Сталинизм, Маоизмын нөмрөг дор улаан дуслаар хөлрөн бачуурч байсан 20 зууны эмгэнэл Монголын голомтыг дэлхийн хөрснөөс арчих дөхсөн мэт бодогдоно...
Марксизм, Сталинизм, Маоизмын нөмрөг дор улаан дуслаар хөлрөн бачуурч байсан 20 зууны эмгэнэл Монголын голомтыг дэлхийн хөрснөөс арчих дөхсөн мэт бодогдоно...
February 23, 2025
This book is the history of the suffering and resistance of the Mongolian people. However, the author's narrow-minded nationalism and worldview undermine its credibility, readability and impact for non-Mongolian readers.
It's truly sad that the Republic of Mongolia and Inner Mongolia was unable to unite, simply because the great powers like Britain, Russia, and the United States made the decisions without involving the Mongolian people or the Republic of China. Small nations rarely have a say in their own fate, which is still the case in today’s world.
The book relies a lot on oral histories gathered through the author’s survey in Inner Mongolia. While these stories are emotionally impactful, it’s hard to assess how reliable they are.
The author’s emphasis on Chinese (Han) chauvinism also seems to prevent a more balanced analysis. I believe chauvinism is something that’s learned, not an inherent trait tied to any ethnicity. From a global point of view, the ethnic majority always oppress the minorities wherever possible - this is not exclusive to Chinese Han’s society. If the Han Chinese are considered to be born violent towards other ethnicities, how would the author explain the Mongol Empire in the 13th century? Should we view today’s Mongols in the same way?
While the author criticises Han Chinese chauvinism, she has no problem accepting Genghis Khan as a national hero. To be fair, this happened in the 13th century and must be understood in its historical context. However, I don’t think it’s worth glorifying, as his legacy also involves colonising and oppressing others. The author's double standards are shocking, which again undermines this book's credibility.
I’m also disappointed by the author’s interview section in the book's final chapter, where she claims that Russia does not engage in murder or forced assimilation. I wonder how she would like to justify Russia’s war against Ukraine in today’s world? Russia’s expulsion of rebel groups including Tatars from Crimea and the settlement by Russian colonisers is similar to what the Han Chinese have done in Xinjiang, Mongolia, and Tibet. But the author chose to ignore this part of history to prove her point, which makes her account even less reliable.
The author’s portrayal of both Japan and Mongolia as “weak” nations is shocking, given that Japan once colonised China, Korea, and Southeast Asia during WWII. To label Japan as a victim alongside Mongolia is to misrepresent history, and I cannot imagine how an honourable scholar like the author herself was able to allow herself to do such thing.
The author has been labelling the CCP as fascists during the Cultural Revolution, while I think what they did was worse. Fascism usually targets external “others” (like Jews), whereas the CCP was killing millions of both ethnic Chinese and non-Chinese; and its collectivisation policies, or man-made famine, resulted in an estimated thirty million deaths.
What I did find insightful was Zhou Enlai’s involvement in Mao Zedong’s actions, particularly in sacrificing lives for political power. We all know that Japan began invading Manchuria in the early 1930s, while our textbooks in Mainland China often emphasise that the full-scale Sino-Japanese War did not start until 1937. Most likely, this is to downplay the fact that the CCP had not been participating in the war before 1937, as they were too busy with the 'Long March'—which is how they glorified this embarrassing part of CCP history.
It's truly sad that the Republic of Mongolia and Inner Mongolia was unable to unite, simply because the great powers like Britain, Russia, and the United States made the decisions without involving the Mongolian people or the Republic of China. Small nations rarely have a say in their own fate, which is still the case in today’s world.
The book relies a lot on oral histories gathered through the author’s survey in Inner Mongolia. While these stories are emotionally impactful, it’s hard to assess how reliable they are.
The author’s emphasis on Chinese (Han) chauvinism also seems to prevent a more balanced analysis. I believe chauvinism is something that’s learned, not an inherent trait tied to any ethnicity. From a global point of view, the ethnic majority always oppress the minorities wherever possible - this is not exclusive to Chinese Han’s society. If the Han Chinese are considered to be born violent towards other ethnicities, how would the author explain the Mongol Empire in the 13th century? Should we view today’s Mongols in the same way?
While the author criticises Han Chinese chauvinism, she has no problem accepting Genghis Khan as a national hero. To be fair, this happened in the 13th century and must be understood in its historical context. However, I don’t think it’s worth glorifying, as his legacy also involves colonising and oppressing others. The author's double standards are shocking, which again undermines this book's credibility.
I’m also disappointed by the author’s interview section in the book's final chapter, where she claims that Russia does not engage in murder or forced assimilation. I wonder how she would like to justify Russia’s war against Ukraine in today’s world? Russia’s expulsion of rebel groups including Tatars from Crimea and the settlement by Russian colonisers is similar to what the Han Chinese have done in Xinjiang, Mongolia, and Tibet. But the author chose to ignore this part of history to prove her point, which makes her account even less reliable.
The author’s portrayal of both Japan and Mongolia as “weak” nations is shocking, given that Japan once colonised China, Korea, and Southeast Asia during WWII. To label Japan as a victim alongside Mongolia is to misrepresent history, and I cannot imagine how an honourable scholar like the author herself was able to allow herself to do such thing.
The author has been labelling the CCP as fascists during the Cultural Revolution, while I think what they did was worse. Fascism usually targets external “others” (like Jews), whereas the CCP was killing millions of both ethnic Chinese and non-Chinese; and its collectivisation policies, or man-made famine, resulted in an estimated thirty million deaths.
What I did find insightful was Zhou Enlai’s involvement in Mao Zedong’s actions, particularly in sacrificing lives for political power. We all know that Japan began invading Manchuria in the early 1930s, while our textbooks in Mainland China often emphasise that the full-scale Sino-Japanese War did not start until 1937. Most likely, this is to downplay the fact that the CCP had not been participating in the war before 1937, as they were too busy with the 'Long March'—which is how they glorified this embarrassing part of CCP history.
November 26, 2023
內人黨案是大悲劇、大慘劇，但作者不辨真偽的使用口述史料，反而大大寫弱了史料的衝擊力。
August 25, 2021
Баян Хятад хүн гэж ямар хүнийг хэлэх вэ? Тариа тарих том газартай Хятад хүн бол баян хүн. Баян Монгол хүн гэж ямар хүнийг хэлэх вэ? Тал дүүрэн олон адуу малтай Монгол хүн бол баян хүн. Ингээд бодохлээр баян хятад хүн, баян монгол хүн зэрэгцэн амьдарч чадах уу? Хятад болон Монгол гэдэг 2 үндэстэн соёл, итгэл үнэмшил, амьдралын хэв маяг, үнэт зүйлийн хувьд газар тэнгэр шиг ялгаатай, ангид 2 үндэстэн гэдэг нь эл номноос маш тодорхой харагдана. Монгол гэрийн үүдний урдуур усны шуудуу ухсан түүх, хоёроос гурван хэлээр ярьдаг япон сэлэм зүүсэн Монгол сэхээтнүүд, төрсөн эхийг нь нүдэн дээр нь хүчиндсэн түүх гээд тоочоод барамгүй сэтгэлд хүндүүртэй үйл явдлаар дүүрэн энэ ном бидний өнөөгийн тусгаар тогтнол, Монгол хүний үнэ цэнэ ямар үнэтэйг харууллаа.
Displaying 1 - 4 of 4 reviews