Light Comedy of Good Old Taste
In a pretentiously conservative society, satire may be the most dangerous form of writing. For once, there's plenty of hypocrisy to pinpoint and make fun of, but as soon as one does this, the satirized will put on their priesthood disguise, hold their weapons, and attack collectively. That's why, perhaps, subtleness is usually the satirical's companion in such a case, one which allows him to convey his message of attacking hypocrisy without explicitly exposing the hypocrites.
In The Way of the World, William Congreve follows this guideline very well, yet he's aware of the backlash that his strong message could cause. After all, he's discussing the intimate inner lives of the British aristocracy of his era, with all its pretension, vanity, and infidelity. That was a theme not so often approached by a play writer back then, that in his dedication of the play to the Earl of Montague, Congreve recommends the comedy to the latter's protection, hoping for it "to be distinguished; for the prostituted name of poet promiscuously levels all that bear it." He recognizes that his play, despite its theatrical success, has "little of it prepared for the general taste," and informs his correspondent that his characters "should appear ridiculous, not so much through a natural folly as through an affected wit; a wit, which at the same time that is affected, is also false."
While the characters of the play are not that many, the relationships between them are a little complex. Mirabell and Fainall, the two male leading characters, are close friends. Fainall is married to Mrs. Fainall, but they hate each other. Mrs. Fainall likes Mirabell, as does almost all the other leading young ladies in the play: Marwood amd Millament. Another pivotal character is Lady Wishfort, an old lady who's looking for a husband. She's Mrs. Fainall's mother, and Millament's aunt. She hates Mirabell because he pretended to love her once.
The complex relationships arise from the infidelity of the character. For example, Mrs. Fainall tries to approach Mirabell, while Mr. Fainall is in love with Marwood, who likes Mirabell too. Mirabell and Millament are in love, but to marry, they need Lady Wishfort's consent, because she holds all Millament's fortune. Of course, Lady Wishfort can't accept the marriage because she hates Mirabell. Other notable characters of the play are Millament's followers: Witwoud and Petulant. They are the representation of the affected and false wit mentioned by Congreve. Of his characters, Congreve says that they "are meant to be ridiculed," are "fools so gross," and that they "should rather disturb than divert the well-natured and reflecting part of an audience; they are rather objects of charity than contempt; and instead of moving our mirth, they ought very often to excite our compassion."
Amid all this falsehood arises some truthfulness in the relation between Mirabell and Millament. A scene between them explores the gender expectations of marriage, exchanging vows of respecting each other's personal space, providing what could be considered as a serious, if superficial, advice to successful relationships that can still ring true in our modern times. Yet, despite their truthfulness, and in order to succeed in their romantic endeavor, both Mirabell and Millament decide to trick Lady Wishfort into conceding Millament's fortune through getting her to love a fictional Sir Rowland, who is really Waitwell, Mirabell's servant, in disguise.
It is through this plot to trick the lady with the money that things begin to unfold towards the play's conclusion. A counter plot would be established in run for the reward, as the competition for the money would expose the characters and transform their relationships. There are plenty of smiles along the way as one feels the ridiculous situations, imagines the comedic scenery, or reads the clever use of poetry.
The Way of the World's main focus is the English society of the Seventeenth century, with all its pretentious conservatism. Some aspects may not be relevant to some of the modern societies, but they will not hinder the appreciation of the play's qualities. Nonetheless, the old English may be bothersome to some, myself included. Also, while some conversations are funny, there's nothing deep about the overall experience. It is just a light comedy discussing a serious issue.
William Congreve's treatment of the pretended culture is enjoyable and memorable, if not substantial. To his credit, he was ready to touch sensitive issues, knowing that he might offend some, including many critics. The following lines in the prologue read to the play's audience say it all:
To please, this time, has been his sole pretence,
He'll not instruct, lest it should give offence.
Should he by chance a knave or fool expose,
That hurts none her, sure here are none of those.