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We Become What We Worship: A Biblical Theology of Idolatry

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The heart of the biblical understanding of idolatry, argues Gregory Beale, is that we take on the characteristics of what we worship. Employing Isaiah 6 as his interpretive lens, Beale demonstrates that this understanding of idolatry permeates the whole canon, from Genesis to Revelation. Beale concludes with an application of the biblical notion of idolatry to the challenges of contemporary life.

341 pages, Paperback

First published October 8, 2008

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About the author

Gregory K. Beale

43 books200 followers
G. K. Beale (PhD, University of Cambridge) is professor of New Testament and biblical theology at Westminster Theological Seminary in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He is the coeditor of the Commentary on the New Testament Use of the Old Testament and the author of numerous books, including A New Testament Biblical Theology: The Unfolding of the Old Testament in the New.

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Displaying 1 - 30 of 103 reviews
Profile Image for Peter Krol.
Author 2 books63 followers
December 20, 2008
I really enjoyed this book. Beale's thesis was extremely CLEAR and well-presented: what we revere is what we resemble, either for ruin or restoration. If we worship idols, we become vain like them (having eyes but not seeing, ears but not hearing) and are destroyed by them. If we worship the true God, we become like him, reflecting his glory to the world around us.

One thing that saddened me was that critical biblical "scholarship" has gotten to the point that Beale often had to prove that two verses within the same literary context were connected to each other. In other words, the liberal academia has so torn apart the unity of the Scripture that a single passage (say, a paragraph or a chapter) can only be read as a redaction (edited unit) of totally independent sayings. So, if you read my review in this manner, you would have to spend pages and pages arguing in favor of reading this very sentence in light of the earlier sentence that begins "one thing that saddened me...."

However, even within this deplorable situation, Beale does a laudable job articulating and defending his points.

This book uses a highly technical analysis of Hebrew and Greek (mostly Greek, as he primarily uses the Septuagint version of OT texts), but the committed reader would still profit greatly without knowledge of these languages.

Also, although Beale is a skilled theologian, he is rather weak on applying his theology to the reader. This topic would produce an incredible amount of value to the Christian community, but Beale stops short of applying his exegesis and theology. His final chapter contains an attempt to apply the material to the modern generation, but it still reads like a theological paper. If not for this weakness, I would have given the book 5 stars.

Much meditation on the topic would profit the Christian community: the adulterer who destroys himself and his family, the people-pleaser who adapts himself to whomever he happens to be speaking with at the time, the slanderer who is revealed to be a fool when his accusations are proven false, the hoarder whose happiness is tied up in the stock market's performance. Or, the Christian who continually renews his mind after the image of Christ and who finds joy not only in the present life but in the world to come.

I am very glad to have read this book.
Profile Image for Philip.
89 reviews2 followers
July 31, 2025
Very clear thesis: we resemble what we worship” and an excellent biblical analysis in support of this theory. The greatest experience can be taken from a book like this if you understand the many scriptural references made. Though this is clearly a scholarly work, the takeaway is clear; We will copy the characteristics of those we worship, whether physical or abstract.
Profile Image for Scott.
524 reviews83 followers
June 3, 2012
At the outset, it should be noted that I love Biblical Theology. Ever since reading Jim Hamilton's "God's Glory in Salvation Through Judgement" last year, I have been attracted to how authors have explored and developed biblical themes that can sometimes remain carefully hidden with language, culture and other factors.

I heard about G.K. Beale through Hamilton's footnotes and have wanted to read something by him for some time. I own two other books but decided to go with this one first partly because of the intriguing nature of the thesis but also because it is the shortest (310 pages compared to 400 and 1100). However, it should be noted that though this was considerably more readable than his other two books, it still was highly technical and runs the high risk of boring the reader. But that honestly isn't Beale's concern.

Now to the book: in recent years there has been a lot of talk in circles I run in about the nature of idolatry in day to day life. It is not uncommon to hear a conversation from people in my church to revolve around the functional "idols" that they cling to when they things get difficult: "man, my comfort idol really displays itself here!" I think that the reason for this is an article or book that Tim Keller has written but I can't remember which off the top of my head. Anyway, with this emphasis on idols it's easy to get lost in how the idolatry passages in the Bible, which typically revolve around Israel's rebellion, have application to the day to day in the lives of Christians today. After all, the idol worship described in the OT usually revolved around worshiping cultic idols of wood, silver, or gold.

Beale's thesis is this: we become what we revere, either for ruin or restoration. He begins by looking at Isaiah 6 and the rather surprising punishment of Yahweh to unbelieving Israel: Isaiah is to speak to them in such a way as to blind their eyes and close their ears. Read alone, it seems to be a rather bizarre thing that Yahweh would be speaking to his people in such a fashion, but Beale goes on to show how the punishment for idolatry given by Yahweh is pretty ironic: he hardens their hearts and makes them more and more blinded. Like the worthlessness of idols that do not understand, see, or know, so it is with the idolater. So in a sense, the idolater "becomes" what he worships.

Beale then goes on to explore this thesis throughout the rest of the prophetic literature, Exodus, gospels, epistles and Revelation. The most helpful of all of these to me was the chapter on the gospels. Beale looks at how though there were no idols in the classical sense amongst Israel during Jesus' coming, they made an idol out of tradition. He then goes to explore how the language used by Jesus in response to the Jews was the same that Isaiah used against the Jews! This also accounts and makes sense of the "idolatrous generation" language, any language that talks about "seeing but not understanding", and comments about how the Jews god is "their belly" (i.e. instituting cleansing rituals for their food that ultimately become idolatrous because their hope lies in said rituals).

Beale's thesis also was spot on with the apostle Paul's comments in Romans 1 about "God giving them up to their desires". I don't want to go into detail here, but if you want to hear more, ask me or buy the book. Lastly, Beale closes out with pastoral thoughts on the nature of idolatry in day to day life.

To conclude, this book was really great. Not because it had me on the edge of my seat in suspense, but because of its thorough examination of the Bible's use of the strong language against idolatry. This book was difficult to read at times because of its technicality but it is usually in those books that the most treasure is reaped. The joy of reading these books is how they help to understand the Bible more thoroughly and with a greater Biblical understanding of idolatry, one has more tools to fight that which is worthless. I am more equipped as a result.
Profile Image for Jeremy.
Author 3 books370 followers
Want to read
August 14, 2018
Doug Wilson puts this in his top 5 (see Plodcast, Episode #3) and quotes it positively in Why Ministers Must Be Men (p. 45). Review by Tony Reinke.

For an explanation of the title, see p. 12: "The title We Become What We Worship is a metaphor, which is an implied simile, omitting the word like between We Become and What We Worship. The thesis of the book is not that people become the idols they worship or become the God they worship, but they become like the idols or like God. The point of figuratively omitting the word like is to emphasize that the worshipper reflects some of the important qualities or attributes of the object of worship."

The theme of the book is this: "We resemble what we revere, either for ruin or for restoration" (pp. 11, 16, etc.).
Profile Image for Samuel G. Parkison.
Author 8 books182 followers
March 12, 2017
This book was incredible. Beale can be a little difficult to read, but only on account of his thoroughness. He argues his case very well. Beware, however, for this isn't truly "A Biblical Theology of Idolatry" as the subtitle would lead you to believe, rather, it's a "A Biblical Theology of Idolatry's Effect." In other words, Beale, isn't primarily concerned with drawing out a biblical-theological definition of idolatry and its origin (or even its appeal), rather, he's primarily concerned with what idolatry *does*. So even though it didn't scratch my precise itch, it proved to be well-worth the time nonetheless. A very important book.
Profile Image for Collin Lewis.
212 reviews7 followers
May 21, 2025
Excellent! Such a thoroughly biblical examination of idolatry.

“We resemble what we revere for ruin or restoration”

Profile Image for Kyle Grindberg.
386 reviews30 followers
November 20, 2019
Great book. Although, I suffered from a severe case of example-exhaustion (partly why it took so long for me to get through). This is probably due to the fact that I went into this having already swallowed the premise, and didn't need to be convinced.
Profile Image for Josh.
323 reviews13 followers
October 5, 2022
Top notch Biblical scholarship. Though laborious and tedious at times, and strained and thin at others, overall Beal’s thesis is sound, strong, and substantial in its impact.
Profile Image for Chad.
Author 35 books559 followers
December 14, 2018
An excellent, biblically saturated study of idolatry, from Genesis to Revelation. His premise is this: what you revere you resemble, either for ruin or for restoration. Highly recommended.
35 reviews1 follower
November 19, 2024
Positives:
This book is a masterful work of biblical theology with a very clear thesis “what you revere is what you resemble, either to ruin or restoration”

Today, I read the preface of another book that I think will be helpful in my critique,

“A book about a great subject should be either very long or very short, long enough enough to cover the subject adequately or short enough to permit the presentation of the main line of argument without cluttering detail.”

While a clear thesis and thorough argumentation, this book is inefficiently exhaustive. What I mean is that Beele spends an extraordinary amount of effort making many leaps to make his case, which I think is most clearly seen in his overuse of rabbinic traditions and extra biblical texts to bridge the Old and New Testament to better serve his argument. Moreover, his survey of the Pauline epistles was far too long and repetitive.

Another critique I have of this book is its lack of application even though the last chapter is dedicating to applying the argument. Instead of application, it seems Beele is more concerned with defending his findings, which is fine, but out of place for the purposes goal or the final chapter.

I do not regret reading this book, it was delightful to watch so a masterful theologian make such eye opening connections, even if some of them are (in my own option), stretched to far.
Profile Image for Easton Tally.
41 reviews2 followers
May 25, 2024
“The principle is this: What we revere, we resemble, either for ruin or restoration. To commit ourselves to some part of the creation more than to the Creator is idolatry. And when we worship something in creation, we become like it, as spiritually lifeless and insensitive to God as a piece of wood, rock, or stone. We become spiritually blind, deaf, and dumb even though we have physical eyes and ears. If we commit something that does not have God’s spirit, to that degree we will be lacking the Spirit. We will be like ancient Israel.”

A book that stays true to its thesis. All of scripture warns us that we are worshipful beings and that we must be careful to inventory what we functionally worship lest we find ourselves worshipping something that rusts, erodes, collects dust, and fades.
Profile Image for Taylor Callen.
46 reviews4 followers
June 1, 2025
Really enjoyed this one. It made me see the Bible’s storyline in a whole new light. Beale is incredibly thorough (maybe too thorough at times) but after seeing some reviews from people who still weren’t convinced, I get why he felt the need to keep making his point again and again. Overall a rich, challenging, and rewarding read.
Profile Image for Micah Natal.
57 reviews1 follower
September 17, 2025
Beale’s main point is “What we revere is what we resemble, either for ruin or restoration!” Fantastic book.
Profile Image for Peter Kiss.
522 reviews1 follower
November 26, 2025
Beale is a great writer who has some excellent insights. He distinguishes himself time and again by going further and deeper than others, and this book is no exception. I really enjoyed it.
Profile Image for Katie Barrow.
71 reviews
October 8, 2024
I am amazed at what i just listened to. I heard this book would change my life before opening it, and yes, it’s done just that. Easily understandable, filled with Scripture, idolatry is all through the books of the Bible. My favorite part was hearing the Greek language, it is beautiful! Everything makes sense! Final chapter hits you right in the heart, and then he ends with a prayer. AMEN! 😭
Profile Image for Ben K.
116 reviews10 followers
September 10, 2020
This is a tremendously insightful book that fleshes out an important theme in Scripture. G.K. Beale’s thesis is simple and memorable, in part thanks to its alliterated presentation: “What people revere, they resemble, either for ruin or restoration” (p.18) He takes the reader through the whole Bible, demonstrating that idolatry passages regularly depict idol worshipers as taking on the characteristics of the objects of their worship. For example, the idols worshipped in Ps. 115 have eyes and hears, but cannot see and hear. Those who worship these idols become the same way - spiritually blind and deaf. Beale’s key text is Is. 6, which at first glance does not appear to be about idolatry. But Isaiah is commanded, "Make the heart of this people dull, and their ears heavy, and blind their eyes; lest they see with their eyes, and hear with their ears, and understand with their hearts, and turn and be healed.” This kind of language usually describes idol worshipers who become like their idols. In this passage, God is sending Isaiah to pronounce judgment on the people for their idolatry by making them just like the idols they worship.

Beale reaches conclusions like the one above by using a dual intertextual approach to hermeneutics, in which literary connections between passages interact with one another in a reciprocal way. That is, earlier texts inform our understanding of later texts, but later texts also unpack the fuller meaning of earlier texts. This is a controversial approach and there are risks involved, especially in attempting to firmly establish the presence of a literary link or allusion between two texts. But Beale treads carefully, and he painstakingly lays out his evidence behind connections. At times these arguments were difficult to wade through, but it was necessary in order to prove the validity of the connections. Even if he went too far in some places (and I’m not sure that he did), the overall weight of his arguments cannot be ignored. His thesis is airtight.

Not only was this study fascinating from a biblical theological perspective, it carries obvious and immediate applications to the Christian life. The thesis itself is inherently preachable. Although application is not the main thrust of the book, Beale offers some application in the concluding chapter. Having identified that OT Israel’s idolatry involved worship of graven images, and that NT Jewish idolatry involved tradition, he suggests some forms of idolatry that plague us today. For instance many of us in modern times are far too devoted to consumption of media. Not only does this keep us from devotion to God, but it changes us as we begin to think in the same way as the voices we hear in media. To the contrary, God’s design is for his people to worship him, and in doing so, to become like him, reflecting his glory so it can bee seen by others. But there is a dilemma. In our worship of blind idols, we become spiritually blind, and therefore unable to return to him and reflect his glory. Only God can remove our spiritual blindness. Just as men form idols that perpetuate spiritual lifelessness, God can re-form us into his perfect image. This is the gospel!

This is one of the best books I’ve read all year. It’s keen insights will stay with me for a long time, and I will never see passages like Isaiah 6 and Ex. 32-34 in quite the same way again.
Profile Image for Andrew.
Author 21 books46 followers
April 27, 2020
Sometimes Jesus made statements that sound just plain crazy.

Once he was explaining why he taught in parables. The reason he gives in Mark 4:12 is this—so that, “they may be ever seeing but never perceiving, and ever hearing but never understanding; otherwise they might turn and be forgiven!” In quoting from Isaiah 6, Jesus makes it sound like he doesn’t want people to repent, to turn to God, to be saved. What in the world could he possibly be talking about?

Greg Beale’s We Become What We Worship helps us untangle this mess while walking us through an important theme that spans both Testaments. The book of Isaiah condemns Israel for its idolatry, for worshiping statues that can’t speak or hear. Israel’s punishment? She was sentenced to become like the idols she worshiped—deaf and blind.

That theme is found also in Exodus, the Psalms, the Gospels, the writings of Paul and elsewhere. As Beale often summarizes in his book, we become like what we worship whether for ruin or renewal.

His analysis of the golden calf episode in Exodus is especially instructive. The rebellious people were described as being like a stubborn, “stiff-necked” heifer. The use of “stiff-necked” in Deuteronomy, Hosea and elsewhere is particularly connected with idolatry, not just general disobedience. They turned into what they worshiped.

Yet our ruined condition need not be permanent. Isaiah also tells us this condition will be reversed. A day is coming when “the deaf will hear the words of the scroll, and out of gloom and darkness the eyes of the blind will see” (Is 29:18). This theme is echoed through the New Testament as well. Yes, the punishment is intentional but not eternal. Its purpose is to get the attention of sinners so they do turn to God.

The whole of Isaiah is the context of Jesus’ statement about the people experiencing the same punishment of being blind and deaf that their ancestors suffered for their idolatry. The blindness caused by using parables was intended likewise to be temporary, not perpetual.

Beale’s book makes the case that God created us essentially to be image bearers. If we do not reflect God, then we will inevitably reflect something else in creation (305).

What might God’s people today be worshiping besides the true God? To find out, we can ask what we (individually or corporately) are like today. Are we focused on methods or message, on tradition or truth, on character or success, on winning or being winsome, on justice for the world or justice for me? What we give priority to matters. We’re choosing who we will be today and tomorrow.
11 reviews
January 14, 2019
Tout simplement excellent ! GK Beale nous emmène patiemment à travers son étude du thème de l'idolâtrie dans la révélation biblique. Avec une grande humilité il invite le lecteur à examiner sa démonstration, et on se prête au jeu.
D'abord sceptique quant à certains liens intertextuels que l'auteur cherche à mettre en évidence pour démontrer sa thèse, ayant parfois l'impression que l'auteur tend à faire du texte biblique un prétexte, je me suis laissé convaincre au fil de l'avancé de ma lecture.
Pour moi le chapitre incontournable, la cerise sur le gâteau, celui qui vient ficeler l'ensemble et donner à la thèse du livre toute sa pertinence, est celui traitant de l'idolâtrie dans l'apocalypse.

L'étude est longue, parfois fastidieuse, mais donne tout son sens et sa pertinence au thème de l'idolâtrie, même dans notre société sécularisée. En prime, pour tout ceux qui comme moi, s'intéressent à l'exégèse biblique, il y a beaucoup à apprendre de l'auteur à ce sujet (notamment en ce qui concerne l'intertextualité).

J'en retiens principalement le besoin quotidien de la grâce de Dieu et de sa puissance dans ma vie, pour me laisser transformer à son image. Quelle joie de pouvoir à nouveau le réaliser, mais quel avertissement aussi à veiller à ne pas se laisser tromper par les idoles.
J'en recommande vivement la lecture !
Profile Image for William Schrecengost.
907 reviews33 followers
February 21, 2023
A very good discussion on idolatry and the image of God. Especially his discussion on how idolatry damages our image of God was very helpful. I also thought the distinction that idolatry is when we make ourselves the imager and create something in our image to worship, it’s a total subversion of creation order.
As with all of Beale’s writings, he tends to say too much and so a lot of what he ends up writing is unnecessary. His book on Mystery was probably the worst offender of this, but this book didn’t suffer too much from it. His chapter on Paul’s letters and the last two chapters were the best imo.
Profile Image for Jacob Hudgins.
Author 6 books23 followers
August 22, 2023
Beale’s thesis (reflected in the title) is intriguing. I was interested in his analysis of Isa 6 as related to idolatry and his exposition of the golden calf incident in Exodus 32. But a lot of his connections (seeking idolatry in the gospels, connections to Acts, and even Revelation) seemed strained to me. I’m really trying to do more thinking about intertextuality, but I can’t fight the feeling that not every passage is related to every other passage.

That said, Beale’s final chapter (especially his thoughts on the idolatry of the self) was really powerful. There is a tremendous sermon (series?) hidden inside this book.
Profile Image for Peyton Presgrove.
52 reviews8 followers
December 16, 2021
Very good.

Mr. Beale aims to prove that we become LIKE what we worship through the scriptures. From Adam to Revelation he takes you through numerous books and passages revealing this truth.

We all worship someone or something. Whatever it is we worship, we become more like. A good book to meditate on and search out our own hearts.

You might say, “No, not me. I don’t worship anything” or “Well of course I worship God. I am a Christian.” But to those who worship idols, they have neither eyes to see or ears to hear. Only God can make the eyes see and the ears hear.
Profile Image for Duncan Hollingsworth.
18 reviews2 followers
December 26, 2019
It’s been said before that theology is simply the ministry of reality - Beale does a masterful job of putting this on display to show the reader the true reality of
the theological concept of idolatry, and his thesis that we become what we worship, either for ruin or restoration. Through sound and thorough exegesis, Beale draws brilliant connections (some obvious and some subtle and nuanced) between multiple scripture passages, showing the beauty and unity of biblical teaching. This is high quality intertextual biblical theology. One cannot help but walk away from this book with a fuller understanding of idolatry, an even higher view of the scriptures, and a strong desire to mortify the idolatry they may be ‘anesthetized’ to.
Profile Image for Rosemeire Silva.
3 reviews
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August 29, 2018
Idolatria é tudo aquilo que o coração se apega para obter segurança...
Uma revelação e tanto!
Profile Image for Philip Brown.
893 reviews23 followers
December 19, 2024
When I grow up, I want to write a book like this. Unreal. Brimming with well argued connections that I'd never made before. Biblical theology at its finest. Nga Mihi Matua Beale.

Profile Image for Esther.
129 reviews2 followers
November 28, 2020
Excellent study of Isaiah 6 and the theology of idolatry. Another solid work by Beale.
Profile Image for Some Christian Lady.
175 reviews16 followers
November 15, 2023
The main thesis of this book is, “What we revere we resemble, either for ruin or restoration.” The author brings out the issue of idol worship in certain passages of Scripture that I hadn’t noticed before, and I found that to be very interesting. And he describes how what we worship, we resemble. One example he uses is the golden calf episode in Exodus, and how the people who worshipped the calf resembled it. They were stiff-necked, blind, deaf, etc. Much of this book was a bit hard to get through only because it was very dry and academic, but I’m glad I read it and will now be keeping my eyes out as I read the Bible for instances where idolatry is being referenced when it may not be explicitly obvious.
Profile Image for J.E. Jr..
Author 6 books48 followers
August 15, 2012
This one is both thorough and rich; as a biblical theology should be, Beale looks long and hard at what the Bible says about idolatry and idol-worship, and especially how it is formative to our souls, how it shapes our lives and our understanding of the world around us.

Beale’s grasp of biblical theology doesn’t need my endorsement — clearly he is accomplished and skilled at both understanding and teaching the Scriptures to us. No less so in We Become What We Worship: Beale is attentive to be exhaustive, or as close as one can get, to examining every passage that contains a whiff of teaching on idolatry. Meanwhile, he is so personable and readable as he does so; the book is written in first-person, which is a departure from standard academic style in nonfiction texts, but it serves well to allow his pastoral voice to really shine through.

Someone looking only at the title, or who failed to consider the nature of a book self-described as a “biblical theology,” might believe that they would be picking up a book full of guidance on both how we are idolaters (which would be correct) AND how we might worship rightly and with God as the object of our worship (which would be, well, less correct). Beale IS instructive at points, and more directly toward the end, in a more positive construction of right worship. Nevertheless, this IS a biblical theology, and its focus is on idolatry.

I found much to take away from Beale’s book, and several good “reflection quotes” that I’ll use in my preaching. Anyone with a serious interest in studying Scripture would find this book both profitable and easy to read.
Displaying 1 - 30 of 103 reviews

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