Premchand's Sevasadan is at once a formidable and a delightful piece of work that comes as a great literary gift to those who value writing that deals with issues of the collective and the individual, the sensuous and the sacred, and the nature of error and sinfulness prompting liberation. The novel, though essentially Indian in spirit, yet, is universal in its thematic sweep and content. It reminded me strongly of Crime and Punishment by the great Russian novelist, Dostoevsky.
The novel's centrality rests on the idea of sin and personal salvation, and the role society plays in this difficult cathartic process. The protagonist, Suman, is unable to save herself from her predicament when her husband throws her out of marriage for no redeemable cause. The society intended to be a saviour and moral beacon cruelly turns its face away from her after the abandonment. In desperation, Suman becomes a courtesan. Except for a few broadminded social reformers like Vithaldas and Pandit Padmasingh, no one braves to rescue her from her life of morass. After a brief stint with decadence she experiences firsthand the hatred and hypocrisy of the society, the disloyalty of loved ones, the crude and exploitative nature of the rich and powerful, all acutely pointing to the unreliable, transient and ephemeral nature of things in life. With the passage of time, Suman eventually learns a grave but an important lesson that one's character and an unfailing moral standing is the highest and most sacred gift one possesses, losing which man's foundation of life is lost. She realises moral blindness to have far worse and enduring consequences than physical blindness. Unlike Emma in Madame Bovary, who commits suicide after losing herself to boredom, greed and lust, Suman finds liberation and true peace in the ancient Hindu/Vedantic ideal of high living, selfless living. In order to uplift her soul, she turns her mind to the sacred and emulates the values and principles of the sacred, with a supreme trust that her sins will forever be erased, if not by the society but surely by the Almighty. She begins to live an exemplary life of selflessness and sacrifice by offering love, kindness and unconditional service to all the downtrodden living in the eponymous shelter-house "Sevasadan". It is this Vedantic idea of 'seva' (service) in the 'sadan' (house) on which she reinvents and remoulds herself. In this sense, the novel reflects the ideal of Swami Vivekananda who uttered that "those alone live who live for others". Because of this gem of a transcendental theme at its core, the novel makes for a special read. There are other characters whose parts are of equal and immense importance who bring about Suman's transformation.
Written in a well balanced tone and a masterly, economical and picturesque prose (evident in its monologues, dialogues and philosophical soliloquies), Munshi Premchand's grand narrative offers a panoramic view encompassing myriad shades of life: human hopes and fears, inner conflicts, moral dilemmas, existential despair, truth of human relationships, love and betrayal, the precariousness of human survival in an unforgiving milieu. As a bildungsroman, the novel's optimistic theme fully succeeds in highlighting man's ability to transcend a life of ignorance, waste and sin with innate strength and metamorphose life into a worthy and meaningful existence.
This probably is one of the finest pieces of Munshi Premchand. It's recommended that all Indians read this artistic masterpiece, this classic, putting aside awhile the unimaginative and sterile contemporary Indian English novels, whose false appeal is as destined to fade with time as is Premchand's to rise to new heights in the future.