Louis Armstrong is right up there with the great musical innovators and entertainers of the 20th century. There’s jazz and then there is Louis Armstrong! He brought jazz out of New Orleans to the rest of the United States and then the world.
Louis Armstrong came out of abject poverty in the slums of New Orleans. There were times in his early years growing up where he did not have enough to eat. It was only on moving to Chicago in the 1920s that he had an indoor toilet. The numerous jazz bars where he accomplished his musical training in New Orleans were run by local mobsters and frequented by pimps and prostitutes who carried knifes and pistols. Fights were frequent. Often jazz was used as entertainment in the many brothels. All this was a large part of Louis’s growing up.
The author gives us many details of Louis’s early life and the personalities inhabiting the vibrant zesty world of New Orleans. Many musicians migrated north. One of them, known as King Oliver, offered Louis a cornet job in his Chicago band so he left for the big city in mid-1920s. He was already known as a prodigy by this time and it did not take him long to become known in Chicago.
There he met Lil Hardin who was to become his second wife. She was already an accomplished pianist who believed in Louis’s potential. She pushed him, gave him the confidence that he sometimes lacked, and bought him new clothes to better project himself in his new urban scene. And Louis started to sing – and then to scat.
Louis realized more than others the value of the new technology of records. His Hot-fives and Hot-Sevens recordings – became famous and advertised his talent to others. These recordings are valued to this day and symbolize the start of the artistic form of jazz. Louis moved jazz from orchestral to having expressive solo performances.
Louis migrated a lot between New York and Chicago, plus tours through-out the country where he had to deal constantly with Jim Crow.
The author provides us with many aspects of Louis Armstrong ebullient life. Louis was a massive extrovert and developed this persona to his stage performance. Louis enjoyed smoking marijuana throughout his life – and was repeatedly told not to advertise this! He also got bit parts in movies – some of which would be considered demeaning today – but in that era he was the first Black person to break down barriers.
Louis was a compulsive memoirist – constantly typing out his daily thoughts and also chronicling his early life in New Orleans. This was sometimes written in his New Orleans vernacular – so it had to be deciphered. Despite all the obstacles he faced Louis was not much for holding resentments – like against white people.
He was criticized for using a mobster – Joe Glaser – as his manager starting in 1935, but Louis had dealt with people like this all his life. And he didn’t want to be bothered with the day-to-day procedures of managing his career and band – he just wanted to play the trumpet and entertain.
Page 380 (my book) – after Joe Glaser became his manager
No longer did armed thugs show up in his dressing room to shake him down, threaten his life, or run him out of town; he had a thug of his own managing him.
Under Glaser he toured Europe and Africa where he had tremendous success.
This book is more on the early stages of Louis’s magnificent life. The author has only 150 pages (out of 500) on the last 40 years of Louis’s life. He almost glosses over the extraordinary affect of Louis’s vocals on jazz. He was the first Black man to sing in front of white audiences and become a superstar. Louis instilled himself into each of the songs he sung. It was a compensation, as he was aging, for the diminishing strength of his trumpet playing. His unique voice took over.
The author writes passionately of Louis’s life.
Page 478-79 Herb Snitzer photographer accompanying the band in the 1950s
“I will never forget the look on Louis’s face [when refused the use of a bathroom]. Hero that he was, world-famous, a favorite to millions of people. America’s single most identifiable entertainer, and yet excluded in the most humiliating fashion from a common convenience.”
Among the most popular of all blacks, he was still, after all these years, condemned to this treatment – not in Louisiana, Alabama, or Mississippi, but in Connecticut.
Page 297
Mary Albert Armstrong [Mayann, Louis’s mother] lived just forty-one years [she died in 1927]. Her life began in the dregs of the Civil War, and ended in the bright lights of modern-day Chicago. She had grown up in a world stifled by the oppressive memory of slavery, but lived long enough to see the glimmer of a new role for blacks in society, a role her son was struggling to make his own. Her passage through life had not been easy; she had endured hard times for most of her days. But if Mayann bent under the weight of circumstances, she never broke. She loved fun, and finery, and most of all, her son. Mayann was no one’s idea of a conventional mother, but it was from her that Louis derived his love of spontaneity, his enjoyment of people, his appetite, and his lack of envy of those who were born more fortunate than he.