There are spoilers in this review.
I would like to introduce my review with a quick summary and some key points that I believe can contribute to discussion about the book and then leave my thoughts on its strengths and weaknesses.
A Victorious Blood focuses on a crucial period in early Islamic history: the events surrounding the death of al-Hussain ibn Ali, a grandson of Muhammad, which had a lasting impact on the religion and directly contributed to the divisions between Sunni and Shia Islam. The death of al-Hussain is well known throughout the Islamic world and is an important holiday for Shia Muslims, yet he is relatively unknown in the West, which I believe was the impetus for this book.
A Victorious Blood leads the reader through the early Umayyad Caliphate under the reigns of Mua’wiyah and his son Yazid. At this early stage of the very first Islamic Empire, the leadership was still unstable. The legitimacy of the ruling class did not go unquestioned, especially since the empire included such a diversity of peoples. One pathway towards recognition as the rightful rulers over this new empire was through the ruling class’s proximity and lineage from the prophet, whether that be kinship, military relations, or some political relationship, there needed to be some sort of (even tenuous) connection to the Prophet Mohammad. (Of course, “legitimacy” could be found in improving the lives of the people among other equally important considerations, but this book deals specifically with the import of Islam at the time.) None of the Umayyad ruling class had a blood relation to the prophet, which would be their strongest claim to rule, but there was one person who did: al-Hussain ibn Ali, who at the time had taken refuge in Mecca.
Early in Yazid’s rule, he requested that al-Hussain pledge his allegiance to Yazid. Al-Hussain refused, believing that Yazid was openly defying the desires of the prophet. many in and near Kufa (near present-day Najaf, Iraq) who were disillusioned with the harsh rule of a distant capital turned to al-Hussain as a possible liberator and requested that al-Hussain join them. Al-Hussain felt compelled to heed their call and traveled from Mecca to Kufa. After a series of unfortunate circumstances, including the capture of one of al-Hussain’s family members by the Umayyads, al-Hussain arrived outside of Kufa at Karbala with just his family. He received no welcome nor did the people and soldiers of Kufa join him. He was set upon by Yazid’s army and was killed and decapitated. His family was enslaved and marched back to Damascus to meet Yazid, and eventually were freed.
The guilt the people of Kufa and the surrounding region felt was immense and the hatred towards the caliphate grew. Al-Hussain’s death spurred rebellion in Mecca and eventually led to a civil war throughout the empire and the guilt surrounding his death was a catalyst for the development of Shia Islam, which now vows only to recognize the direct descendants of the Prophet Muhammad as legitimate leaders of the religion. In contrast, the Umayyad Caliphate modeled its court after the Byzantine Empire to its North, creating a political structure that looks familiar to Medieval politics.
The Battle of Karbala and the events in A Victorious Blood can be seen as the growing pains of a new empire but the impact on the people has been enormous, who ultimately always pay the price for brutality and intolerance.
The strengths of this book lie in the research. Information about the death of al-Hussain is extensive but disorganized and not easily available in English. Recorded history in the early Islamic period was often recorded by traveling historians who would interview local historians, would use their name as citations, and would try to source their claims with references from other locals. Indeed, there are problems with that—if you are to look at the story of al-Hussain you will see almost mythical occurrences such as the number of arrows he was hit by and survived before he was decapitated. But the author does a fine job of omitting events or moments that are not recorded in multiple accounts in favor of occurrences that are more certain.
There are a few difficulties I found with the book: the number of names is difficult to track. The author did include a glossary of names, which does help. A second challenge I had was keeping a timeline of the events: I would have benefited from a timeline map to be able to reference as well since the book jumps forward through time by months.
Overall, the book was a success. The events surrounding al-Hussain’s death and the aftermath are crucial to Islamic history and this retelling is an excellent contribution to Islamic history.