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Homewaters: A Human and Natural History of Puget Sound

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Not far from Seattle skyscrapers live 150-year-old clams, more than 250 species of fish, and underwater kelp forests as complex as any terrestrial ecosystem. For millennia, vibrant Coast Salish communities have lived beside these waters dense with nutrient-rich foods, with cultures intertwined through exchanges across the waterways. Transformed by settlement and resource extraction, Puget Sound and its future health now depend on a better understanding of the region’s ecological complexities.Focusing on the area south of Port Townsend and between the Cascade and Olympic mountains, Williams uncovers human and natural histories in, on, and around the Sound. In conversations with archaeologists, biologists, and tribal authorities, Williams traces how generations of humans have interacted with such species as geoducks, salmon, orcas, rockfish, and herring. He sheds light on how warfare shaped development and how people have moved across this maritime highway, in canoes, the mosquito fleet, and today’s ferry system. The book also takes an unflinching look at how the Sound’s ecosystems have suffered from human behavior, including pollution, habitat destruction, and the effects of climate change.Witty, graceful, and deeply informed, Homewaters weaves history and science into a fascinating and hopeful narrative, one that will introduce newcomers to the astonishing life that inhabits the Sound and offers longtime residents new insight into and appreciation of the waters they call home.A Michael J. Repass Book

264 pages, Kindle Edition

Published April 24, 2021

87 people are currently reading
680 people want to read

About the author

David B. Williams

12 books2 followers
Librarian Note: There is more than one author by this name in the Goodreads database.

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5 stars
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Displaying 1 - 30 of 62 reviews
Profile Image for Kayla.
14 reviews2 followers
May 16, 2023
“By returning foods such as Olympia oysters to Puget Sound, Betsy and others focused on restoration are not only helping to restore the habitat, they are also helping to restore community. They are sowing reminders is the past, of stories, and if long-standing connections to place through local foods, all of which build resilience and offer hope for those who use that knowledge to try to create a better future.”
56 reviews8 followers
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September 21, 2021
Williams (who works at the Burke Museum) is a local naturalist who writes on a variety of interesting topics. I’ve been a fan since I read his geological tour of downtown Seattle – looking at the rocks in the buildings you can see from the sidewalk – and I follow him on Twitter, so I was eagerly awaiting the arrival of this latest book. It’s a loose collection of essays on different topics. My favorite was kelp. I never thought much about kelp. Williams points out that Puget Sound is essentially a kelp ecosystem. Kelp provide a place for everyone else to live: “a safe haven for crawlers, creepers, slitherers, and swimmers.” A protected place where organisms can thrive. “The marine understory provides habitat, refuge from predators, and temporary homes for migrating animals. . . enhanced growth rates and survival for several invertebrates, such as mussels, barnacles, and tubeworms . . . safe harbor for schools of fish, including Pacific herring, Pacific sand lance, and surf smelt.” We’ve been aware for some time that humans probably ventured into North America along the coasts, not overland, and Williams points out that they followed “kelp highways.”

Speaking of herring, sand lance, and surf smelt, there’s a whole chapter on these “forage fish.” Never thought much about herring, either, but, though we think of Puget Sound as the land of the salmon, herring are a bigger resource, and traditionally as great a part of the diet here. And as fundamental to the ecosystem. Williams quotes one biologist: “They are really good at eating tiny, crunchy things and converting them into delicious fatty meals.” NOAA fisheries biologist Ole Shelton says, “They connect the open ocean to the coast. They link predator and prey. They transmit nutrients between ecosystems. They are very much the hub in the wheel of the Sound.”

Of course any twenty-first century story about nature is a sad story, and there’s lots here on how the amazing ecosystems of Puget Sound are crashing and dying. One of the most interesting is the story of the rockfish. The State of Washington promoted overfishing of the rockfish to console salmon fisherman angry at the Boldt decision reserving some of the salmon for native peoples. (As the treaties had promised.) Now the rockfish are critically endangered. And the primary impediment to their recovery is . . . their age. Rockfish can live to be a hundred years old. Two hundred years old. So they don’t reproduce very fast.
Profile Image for Jenny Schoenberg.
26 reviews1 follower
March 28, 2025
The closing advice of a Swinomish Tribe leader on the last page of the book “Be present on the land. Engage with the goal of actually learning and therefore caring about the place you live.” Reading this book was working towards that goal.

I love the book jacket cover photo ! Made me want to buy the book 😀 Not sure why it does not show up on Goodreads.
UPDATE it looks like cover photo now shows up on Goodreads
Profile Image for Sarah Johanknecht.
190 reviews2 followers
August 29, 2022
this should be a must read for any seattle transplant to understand more of the history of the puget sound! I liked the first half of the book more than the second, but overall it was really interesting.
Profile Image for Sean Morrison.
14 reviews3 followers
November 1, 2021
A really fascinating look into the natural and human history of Puget Sound. I really annoyed everyone near me while I read this and shared tons of facts with them regardless of their level of interest. I had it checked out from the library but bought a copy before I was done because I knew I’d want to return to it again in the future. Really well written and interesting. Recommended for anyone in the Puget Sound area with any interest in the history of this place or the plants and animals who live here too.
Profile Image for John.
130 reviews6 followers
August 7, 2021
Very enjoyable review of the puget sound, it's creation and it's inhabitants over millennia. If you have even the slightest interest in sound read this book. He does a wonderful job of describing the indigenous way of life that existed long before people from other parts of the globe arrived. Their lives are placed in the center of the story and act as a counterpoint to the people that followed.
Profile Image for Kee Onn.
226 reviews1 follower
January 27, 2022
A comprehensive and engaging history of Puget Sound, a unique ecosystem in the Pacific Northwest and home to world-famous denizens such as orcas and salmons. This book is a gem to the residents of Seattle - what a wonderful thing it is, to study and understand the ecosystem, the dynamics of the land you live on, so that you may become a better steward of it.
Profile Image for InspireSeattle.
67 reviews1 follower
August 25, 2024
Being a native Seattleite, I thought I had a good understanding of Puget Sound. But reading David William’s Homewaters – A Human and Natural History of Puget Sound provided me a much richer knowledge of Puget Sound’s history and current challenges. Combining interesting stories with facts and figures, Williams shares a thorough account of where Puget Sound has been, where it stands today, and the challenges facing the Sound going forward.

Williams explains how Native Americans “thrived for thousands of years with relatively little impact on the area’s natural resources”. This low-impact from humans quickly changed with the arrival of European settlers, who were highly focused on extracting resources in pursuit of wealth. Settlers’ impact on the natives was devastating. Smallpox arrived about 1781. Estimates of native deaths from Smallpox range from 30% to 90%. Not believing that natives had rights to the land, the settlers routinely disparaged them. Treaties were forced upon the natives, forcing them to “cede, relinquish, and convey to the United States all their right, title, and interest in and to the lands and country occupied by them.” Soon the settler population exploded.

Williams describes how settlers consistently failed to moderate their extraction methods, whether harvesting timber or sea life, and how this lead to steady degradation of the Sound. Streams and rivers were diked, diverted and drained. Over 400 dams were built on the Sound’s waterways, starving them of sediment needed for nourishment. Continued development degraded floodplains. Pollutants enter the Sound from farms, homes and industry. The many actions Williams describes have led to approximately 56% of the Sound’s original delta habitats being destroyed. Fortunately, regulations imposed over the past decades has improved the health of the Sound, but ecological challenges remain.

Williams provides the history of the Sounds’ ferry system, which today is the most popular in the country. But before today’s ferries, a “mosquito fleet” was formed that sailed throughout Puget Sound to traffic goods and passengers. I found this history quite fascinating.

I was surprised when Homewaters delved into the “Forests in the Sound”, giving the reader a thorough understanding of kelp (commonly referred to as seaweed). Williams writes that kelp forests in Puget Sound are “the equivalent of the temperate rainforests above it, and equally critical to the ecosystem.” Kelp is critical for sea life, providing nourishment and safe haven for many marine species. Native Americans used kelp for fishing, ropes and other uses. Today, kelp faces many environmental challenges. Rising water temperatures are hurting kelp beds, as is sediment runoff from new land developments. To reverse the general decline in kelp forests, kelp restoration needs a “multipronged strategy to building resilience.” Kelp can work to store carbon, serving as an effective tool in fighting climate change.

When I read the chapter title “The Silver Wave”, I expected the topic would be salmon. I was wrong. The silver wave Williams describes refers to herring, which he states are “the most central” fish to the Sound’s ecosystem. As one of the Sounds’ major first-level consumers, herring “connect everything in Puget Sound”. Since settlers arrived, herring were overexploited leading to an inevitable herring crash. Williams explains how humans are “the one major source of pollution”, including our paving over land, the runoff from automobiles, our use of fertilizers, pesticides and herbicides, washing our cars in our driveways, and more. “During a typical day, more than 52,000 pounds of pollutants and 1.1 million pounds of suspended sediment enter the Sound from surface sources.” King County “estimated total untreated stormwater runoff in the county at 118 billion gallons annually”. Other harmful human-driven factors include “bycatch, degraded water quality and habitat, derelict nets, dredging, release of hatchery salmon, runoff, vessel traffic, and the big uncertainty, though it is certainly happening, climate change.” These not-so-fun facts give the reader a strong sense of urgency to support the protection of Puget Sound.

Another surprising Puget Sound specie that Williams covers are Rockfish. Rockfish have “more species, more habitats, and a more direct connection to the Sound’s geology than any other fish.” Williams describes how recreational fishing for Rockfish became highly popular after the court ruling in the 1970s assuring Native American tribes 50% of the salmon and steelhead catch. Not surprisingly, a similar patterned developed: people went wild fishing for rockfish, and overfishing lead to its serious decline, forcing new regulations. Today, “it is illegal to harvest any species of rockfish in Puget Sound.” But biologists believe that it is not too late to save rockfish. Williams also gives a history of the clams and oysters living in Puget Sound. A similar pattern was followed: abundance, exploitation, decline, new regulations, and survival at much lower populations.

Williams states that salmon and orca are “homebodies”, because they always return to Puget Sound, their homewaters. As with other Puget Sound species, they too are in danger. Restoration efforts need to include the removal of culverts and dams, the replacement of agricultural and industrial lands with forests, and the restoration of floodplain ecosystems.

Finally, Williams describes the impact of climate change on Puget Sound, writing “ocean acidification is leading to weaker shell construction in oysters. Warmer saltwater is restricting kelp growth, and warmer stream water is inhibiting salmon growth. Rising sea levels are increasing wave erosion, leading to degraded shorelines and intertidal habitat.” The rapid pace and cumulative effects of climate change will be hard to overcome.

Williams frets that “climate change certainly has the potential to overwhelm every human good intention in Puget Sound and to lead people to conclude that it is not even worth trying.” But Williams remains hopeful, concluding that “each of us plays a role in the future of Puget Sound and has the potential to create a positive legacy.” Williams believes that “we can create a better future for all who live here”. In Homebodies, Williams provides the reader with the knowledge and inspiration to pursue his hope. We have choices, and Williams seems optimistic that we will choose to do our part to protect these sacred waters upon which we live.
Profile Image for Nancy Lewis.
1,653 reviews57 followers
December 23, 2025
I was more interested in the first half of the book which discusses the history of the region. The second half of the book about kelp and herring and geoducks (pronounced gooey-duck!) was not as engaging but was equally well-researched.
653 reviews3 followers
August 3, 2022
This is a very readable book on a critically important topic. The news is not always good, ecologically speaking, but Williams tries to remain upbeat, pointing out steps taken but realistically wondering whether it is too little, too late, or enough (so to speak) to turn the tide.

I especially liked the chapters that discussed the species iconic to the Salish Sea: kelp, geoduck, rockfish, herring, salmon, and orca. I grew up on the beach of an Island. I remember this environment before it was seriously interfered with, so I could relate to most of the stories he told, even though I have a sense of great loss. Why, I remember when... my uncle, upon his annual arrival "home" (as opposed to where he lived and worked in St. Louis) first dug a bucket of clams for fresh chowder, then fished for rock cod in the kelp bed off "the point"--and thus was the table set with his favorite meals. Now, the kelp bed and thus the rock cod are gone and the clams are fewer and smaller.

You can either read it (the book) and weep, or you can do something about it.

Profile Image for Priyanka Srinivasa.
111 reviews15 followers
August 2, 2023
I moved to the Puget Sound a month ago and treated myself to this book as a wonderful primer to the homewaters I will be residing in. With thick descriptions of landscape, (neo)colonial history, science, cultural reclamation and revitalization of Indigenous Coastal Salish people, (writing?)/'righting' the wrongs of industrialization, and a love of the Sound, Williams' prose and narration moved me. Relying on archival resources, literature reviews, and dozens of informational interviews, Williams writes with deep nuance and cultural sensitivity. I especially loved all the multilayered storytelling of non-human kin from geoducks (and the burgeoning global mollusk industry), kelp, 'oly' Olympic oysters, rockfish, and of course orcas, and salmon. Each page I was gripped. I live in such a special place. This book formed my schema on land, water, industry, home, and healing. 10/10 recommend to anyone fascinated by the Puget Sound and where they live. Shout out to Eagle Harbor Bookstore on Bainbridge Island for carrying a plethora of local authors on local topics.
Profile Image for Valerie Dailey.
10 reviews
February 23, 2023
It took me awhile to get through this book, there’s a lot of information, but I loved every part of it. I felt like I cared about the Puget sound before, mainly because of their stars the orcas. But this book made me feel passionately about plants and animals and vital parts of the ecosystem I had never considered before. My poor husband had to listen to me harp on about the importance of herring for a week, then our friends got to hear about it too. I loved the first part of the book, which was more about the human anthropology/ history of the sound, but the latter half was my favorite. I got sucked into kelp, herring, geoducks, oly oysters and rockfish and learned more about each subject in 1 chapter then I have in my entire life of living in the PNW. This is an important book to read, especially for those who call the Puget Sound home.
Profile Image for Kelli Estes.
Author 4 books575 followers
January 7, 2022
I started reading this book as I sat on a boat on the Salish Sea, and I finished it at home in a Seattle suburb. At both locations I paused in reading to look at the natural world around me — the bay full of sea grass and kelp but curiously lacking in starfish, the deep waters of Puget Sound where orcas exhaled mist into the morning air, or my local stream where red-bodied fish worked hard against the current — and I saw it all with new eyes. Home waters is an unbiased and well-researched look at the creatures (aquatic and human) who live in and around Puget Sound, and discusses the changes that have occurred there over time. This is a must-read for Puget Sound residents, fishers, seafood eaters, and anyone with an interest in this valuable ecosystem.
Profile Image for Emily.
211 reviews
August 13, 2022
This isn't the normal book that I read even though it is in my field. This book was chosen for a DEIA internship book club and I am very glad we went with this book. The students seemed to enjoy the book and got into some of the discussions. It is clear the author went into a lot of work with interviews and field work and it is a great history of Puget Sound. It doesn't focus on one animal or aspect of the area but all areas and all histories. We are lucky enough to have the author come and join in on our last book discussion (hasn't happened before posting this) and we are all very excited! Would recommend to anyone who lives in Puget Sound area.
Profile Image for Meepspeeps.
821 reviews
October 6, 2021
I learned lots of interesting information about Puget Sound, its history, and what needs to happen going forward to improve and sustain its ecosystem. The author includes quite a bit of scientific detail, but written so I could understand it. He also incorporates the history and practices of the coastal Salish peoples’ relationship with these waters and what they offer. I recommend it to anyone who wants to learn more about the Sound’s history and what they can do to help make it (or the body of water nearest where they live) flourish.
Profile Image for Marilyn.
530 reviews2 followers
July 16, 2023
This book covers some geologic history, a good amount of human history, and loads of plant and animal history of the Puget Sound. The author also dives into trading and the maritime highway, from canoe to mosquito fleet to ferries. Kelp and herring as well as salmon and Orcas are examined. The focus is on the water and adjacent land, and not the broader Puget Sound area. The author is a curatorial associate at the Burke Museum at the University of Washington. It's full of information but easy to read.
Profile Image for Pamela Okano.
559 reviews4 followers
November 3, 2021
Engrossing book that bills itself as a "biography" of Puget Sound. The author explains the history of exploration in the Sound, and brief summaries of the histories of local Native Americans, and the historical and current statuses of iconic species such as orcas, salmon, kelp, oysters, geoducks, etc. Everyone who lives on or near the Sound should read this volume because the Salish Sea is our homewaters.
Profile Image for Kai.
183 reviews3 followers
November 15, 2023
I love when informative books start with surprising me and don't let up until the end. From the geological history and political definitions of Puget Sound to the people and wildlife that interact, there is fascinating stuff throughout each chapter. It's not one where I raced to the end (I recommend one chapter at a time to digest), but that doesn't mean it's less worthwhile. It's a key book to read for living in Puget Sound, looking at past and present to think about what the future will be.
Profile Image for Josephine Ensign.
Author 4 books51 followers
June 6, 2021
The writing style of Williams in this book felt lazy and sloppy. So much of it consists of quotes upon quotes from other writers when paraphrasing and synthesizing the material was called for. There were enough fascinating facts about the Salish Sea and its inhabitants to keep me reading the book, but I was disappointed in what I had hoped would be an engaging and informative book.
223 reviews18 followers
December 30, 2021
Terrific book about the natural history of Puget Sound. Very readable filled with thorough research. From early exploration, Native histories, to the kelp forest and mammals in the Salish Sea. Facts about the goeduck was fascinating. A book you can read again and again. The author does regular tours and talks in the Seattle area as well
Profile Image for Claire Hovde.
30 reviews1 follower
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January 14, 2022
As a life long resident of Puget Sound, I loved this book! I expected it to be all about salmon and orca, but I ended up learning more than I could have imagined about my home - what a diverse place! Everything within the Sound is so interconnected. I've never been so motivated to do more about our destruction of the most incredible place in the world.
100 reviews1 follower
February 28, 2022
Necessary reading for anyone concerned about the health of Puget Sound. He tries to set a hopeful tone but emphasizes that humans are responsible for the drastic decline of species through overfishing and habitat destruction, and that we haven’t stopped. You’ll be depressed at the end. Read it anyway.
45 reviews
February 13, 2023
A must read for anyone living close to puget sound or honestly anyone interested in the impact humans are having on that beautiful world; the waterways and oceans on our planet. I never thought I would be so captivated to read about kelp, geoducks, salmon and the age that rockfish can reach. Learnt a lot from this book and it did create a new perspective for me as I walk and live in Seattle.
Profile Image for Justin Boyer.
2 reviews1 follower
September 6, 2024
Great read for anyone interested in the natural history of the PNW. Each chapter had its own focus (ie kelp forests, herring, salmon, etc) while painting a clear picture of how things all fit together. The other did a great job providing just the right amount of detail to keep things interesting without getting lost in the weeds
Profile Image for Phillip.
982 reviews6 followers
May 7, 2021
4.0 / 5.0

Well written broad Overview of Ecology of Puget Sound. History Geology Archeology all touched on. Very little about white settlement except as it relates to ecological balance. Enjoyable and informative without being critical or polemical regarding some sensitive topics,
143 reviews
January 28, 2022
Waffled a lot between a 4 and a 5. I loved the mix of geology, biology, and anthropology in this book and I learned a ton about the Sound. But despite how interesting the subject matter was it was a bit dry at times.
Profile Image for Erin McMahon.
343 reviews5 followers
January 6, 2024
3.5 but I rounded up because it was so well researched.

I ate up the first 1/3 but then it took me forever to finish the rest. I don't have a huge interest in marine life so I think it was just a mismatch of interests. Still, well written, documented, and researched
Profile Image for Wren Kamcheff.
29 reviews3 followers
November 14, 2024
Super engaging and enjoyable read. Impressively balanced given its wide subject matter. I would recommend this to anyone interested and especially anyone from or living around the Puget Sound/Salish Sea area. Very enlightening and motivating. Just wish it was longer!
Profile Image for Samantha.
281 reviews6 followers
May 16, 2021
Absolutely enjoyed the history and natural histories the author described. Wonderful detail!
Displaying 1 - 30 of 62 reviews

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