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The Battle of Belonging: On Nationalism, Patriotism, And What it Means to Be Indian
There are over a billion Indians alive today.
But are some Indians more Indian than others? To answer this question, one that is central to the identity of every man, woman, and child who belongs to the modern Republic of India, eminent thinker and bestselling writer Shashi Tharoor explores hotly contested ideas of nationalism, patriotism, citizenship, and belonging. In the course of his study, he explains what nationalism is, and can be, reveals who is anti-national, what patriotism actually means, and explores the nature and future of Indian nationhood. He gives us a clear-sighted view of the forces working to undermine the 'idea of India' (a phrase coined by Rabindranath Tagore) that has developed through history and which, in its modern form, was enshrined in India's Constitution by its founding fathers.
Divided into six sections, the book starts off by exploring historical and contemporary ideas of nationalism, patriotism, liberalism, democracy, and humanism, many of which emerged in the West in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, and quickly spread throughout the world. The author then summarizes India's liberal constitutionalism, exploring the enlightened values that towering leaders and thinkers like Gandhi, Nehru, Tagore, Ambedkar, Patel, Azad, and others invested the nation with. These are contrasted with the narrow-minded, divisive, sectarian, 'us vs them' alternatives formulated by Hindutva ideologues, and propagated by their followers who are now in office.
Today, the battle is between these two opposing ideas of India, or what might be described as ethno-religious nationalism vs civic nationalism. The struggle for India's soul has heightened, deepened, and broadened, and threatened to hollow out and destroy the remarkable concepts of pluralism, secularism, and inclusive nationhood that were bestowed upon the nation at Independence. The Constitution is under siege, institutions are being undermined, mythical pasts propagated, universities assailed, minorities demonized, and worse. Every passing month sees new attacks on the ideals that India has long been admired for, as authoritarian leaders and their bigoted supporters push the country towards a state of illiberalism and intolerance. If they succeed, millions will be stripped of their identity, and bogus theories of Indianness will take root in the soil of the subcontinent. However, all is not yet lost, and this erudite and lucid book shows us what will need to be done to win the battle of belonging and strengthening everything that is unique and valuable about India.
Firmly anchored in incontestable scholarship, yet passionately and fiercely argued, The Battle of Belonging is a book that unambiguously establishes what true Indianness is and what it means to be a patriotic and nationalistic Indian in the twenty-first century.
But are some Indians more Indian than others? To answer this question, one that is central to the identity of every man, woman, and child who belongs to the modern Republic of India, eminent thinker and bestselling writer Shashi Tharoor explores hotly contested ideas of nationalism, patriotism, citizenship, and belonging. In the course of his study, he explains what nationalism is, and can be, reveals who is anti-national, what patriotism actually means, and explores the nature and future of Indian nationhood. He gives us a clear-sighted view of the forces working to undermine the 'idea of India' (a phrase coined by Rabindranath Tagore) that has developed through history and which, in its modern form, was enshrined in India's Constitution by its founding fathers.
Divided into six sections, the book starts off by exploring historical and contemporary ideas of nationalism, patriotism, liberalism, democracy, and humanism, many of which emerged in the West in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, and quickly spread throughout the world. The author then summarizes India's liberal constitutionalism, exploring the enlightened values that towering leaders and thinkers like Gandhi, Nehru, Tagore, Ambedkar, Patel, Azad, and others invested the nation with. These are contrasted with the narrow-minded, divisive, sectarian, 'us vs them' alternatives formulated by Hindutva ideologues, and propagated by their followers who are now in office.
Today, the battle is between these two opposing ideas of India, or what might be described as ethno-religious nationalism vs civic nationalism. The struggle for India's soul has heightened, deepened, and broadened, and threatened to hollow out and destroy the remarkable concepts of pluralism, secularism, and inclusive nationhood that were bestowed upon the nation at Independence. The Constitution is under siege, institutions are being undermined, mythical pasts propagated, universities assailed, minorities demonized, and worse. Every passing month sees new attacks on the ideals that India has long been admired for, as authoritarian leaders and their bigoted supporters push the country towards a state of illiberalism and intolerance. If they succeed, millions will be stripped of their identity, and bogus theories of Indianness will take root in the soil of the subcontinent. However, all is not yet lost, and this erudite and lucid book shows us what will need to be done to win the battle of belonging and strengthening everything that is unique and valuable about India.
Firmly anchored in incontestable scholarship, yet passionately and fiercely argued, The Battle of Belonging is a book that unambiguously establishes what true Indianness is and what it means to be a patriotic and nationalistic Indian in the twenty-first century.
462 pages, Hardcover
Published October 1, 2020
91 people are currently reading
775 people want to read
About the author
Shashi Tharoor
77 books3,064 followersShashi Tharoor is a member of the Indian Parliament from the Thiruvananthapuram constituency in Kerala. He previously served as the United Nations Under-Secretary General for Communications and Public Information and as the Indian Minister of State for External Affairs.
He is also a prolific author, columnist, journalist and a human rights advocate.
He has served on the Board of Overseers of the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy at Tufts University. He is also an adviser to the International Committee of the Red Cross in Geneva and a Fellow of the New York Institute of the Humanities at New York University. He has also served as a trustee of the Aspen Institute, and the Advisory of the Indo-American Arts Council, the American India Foundation, the World Policy Journal, the Virtue Foundation and the human rights organization Breakthrough He is also a Patron of the Dubai Modern High School and the managing trustee of the Chandran Tharoor Foundation which he founded with his family and friends in the name of his late father, Chandran Tharoor.
Tharoor has written numerous books in English. Most of his literary creations are centred on Indian themes and they are markedly “Indo-nostalgic.” Perhaps his most famous work is The Great Indian Novel, published in 1989, in which he uses the narrative and theme of the famous Indian epic Mahabharata to weave a satirical story of Indian life in a non-linear mode with the characters drawn from the Indian Independence Movement. His novel Show Business (1992) was made into the film 'Bollywood'(1994). The late Ismail Merchant had announced his wish to make a film of Tharoor’s novel Riot shortly before Merchant’s death in 2005.
Tharoor has been a highly-regarded columnist in each of India's three best-known English-language newspapers, most recently for The Hindu newspaper (2001–2008) and in a weekly column, “Shashi on Sunday,” in the Times of India (January 2007 – December 2008). Following his resignation as Minister of State for External Affairs, he began a fortnightly column on foreign policy issues in the "Deccan Chronicle". Previously he was a columnist for the Gentleman magazine and the Indian Express newspaper, as well as a frequent contributor to Newsweek International and the International Herald Tribune. His Op-Eds and book reviews have appeared in the Washington Post, the New York Times and the Los Angeles Times, amongst other papers.
Tharoor began writing at the age of 6 and his first published story appeared in the “Bharat Jyoti”, the Sunday edition of the "Free press Journal", in Mumbai at age 10. His World War II adventure novel Operation Bellows, inspired by the Biggles books, was serialized in the Junior Statesman starting a week before his 11th birthday. Each of his books has been a best-seller in India. The Great Indian Novel is currently in its 28th edition in India and his newest volume. The Elephant, the Tiger and the Cellphone has undergone seven hardback re-printings there.
Tharoor has lectured widely on India, and is often quoted for his observations, including, "India is not, as people keep calling it, an underdeveloped country, but rather, in the context of its history and cultural heritage, a highly developed one in an advanced state of decay.". He has also coined a memorable comparison of India's "thali" to the American "melting pot": "If America is a melting pot, then to me India is a thali--a selection of sumptuous dishes in different bowls. Each tastes different, and does not necessarily mix with the next, but they belong together on the same plate, and they complement each other in making the meal a satisfying repast."
He is also a prolific author, columnist, journalist and a human rights advocate.
He has served on the Board of Overseers of the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy at Tufts University. He is also an adviser to the International Committee of the Red Cross in Geneva and a Fellow of the New York Institute of the Humanities at New York University. He has also served as a trustee of the Aspen Institute, and the Advisory of the Indo-American Arts Council, the American India Foundation, the World Policy Journal, the Virtue Foundation and the human rights organization Breakthrough He is also a Patron of the Dubai Modern High School and the managing trustee of the Chandran Tharoor Foundation which he founded with his family and friends in the name of his late father, Chandran Tharoor.
Tharoor has written numerous books in English. Most of his literary creations are centred on Indian themes and they are markedly “Indo-nostalgic.” Perhaps his most famous work is The Great Indian Novel, published in 1989, in which he uses the narrative and theme of the famous Indian epic Mahabharata to weave a satirical story of Indian life in a non-linear mode with the characters drawn from the Indian Independence Movement. His novel Show Business (1992) was made into the film 'Bollywood'(1994). The late Ismail Merchant had announced his wish to make a film of Tharoor’s novel Riot shortly before Merchant’s death in 2005.
Tharoor has been a highly-regarded columnist in each of India's three best-known English-language newspapers, most recently for The Hindu newspaper (2001–2008) and in a weekly column, “Shashi on Sunday,” in the Times of India (January 2007 – December 2008). Following his resignation as Minister of State for External Affairs, he began a fortnightly column on foreign policy issues in the "Deccan Chronicle". Previously he was a columnist for the Gentleman magazine and the Indian Express newspaper, as well as a frequent contributor to Newsweek International and the International Herald Tribune. His Op-Eds and book reviews have appeared in the Washington Post, the New York Times and the Los Angeles Times, amongst other papers.
Tharoor began writing at the age of 6 and his first published story appeared in the “Bharat Jyoti”, the Sunday edition of the "Free press Journal", in Mumbai at age 10. His World War II adventure novel Operation Bellows, inspired by the Biggles books, was serialized in the Junior Statesman starting a week before his 11th birthday. Each of his books has been a best-seller in India. The Great Indian Novel is currently in its 28th edition in India and his newest volume. The Elephant, the Tiger and the Cellphone has undergone seven hardback re-printings there.
Tharoor has lectured widely on India, and is often quoted for his observations, including, "India is not, as people keep calling it, an underdeveloped country, but rather, in the context of its history and cultural heritage, a highly developed one in an advanced state of decay.". He has also coined a memorable comparison of India's "thali" to the American "melting pot": "If America is a melting pot, then to me India is a thali--a selection of sumptuous dishes in different bowls. Each tastes different, and does not necessarily mix with the next, but they belong together on the same plate, and they complement each other in making the meal a satisfying repast."
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Displaying 1 - 29 of 39 reviews
January 7, 2021
How can you judge a person just by prejudice passed on by others? In the same way, I heard a lot about Shashi Tharoor and his writing style. I wanted to have a first-hand experience of the same. And though I strongly believe in the need for strong leadership and think a persona like our current Prime minister must be there on top, I wanted to read the veteran's thoughts. So I took the book to know his views.
Frankly speaking, the book changed hands twice before it came back to me. After reading a few pages, I became reluctant to review the book, so I gave it to my teammate. She returned the book with the same feedback, so the ball again fell in my court. So here I am to give you a brief of the book.
As per the title, one may feel that Mr. Tharoor has tried to present his thoughts of Nationalism and Patriotism, and his dream of being a true Indian. But I found content more of a collection of editorials. Also some topics he beautifully (also with vocabulary) explains and shows how the current government fails in achieving so. Those who don't know about Mr. Tharoor's political affiliation may find the book a good work that presents underlying problems of government.
But for those who are aware of his alliance with the Congress party, can easily identify his use of this book as a platform to loathe the current government. I don't mind if his allegations are just opposed to BJP, but by doing so he became forgetful of his party's misdeeds in the last 50 years. Also, I found it difficult to digest when he bombarded the country at large because it is not in line with his idea of freedom and Nationalism.
As usual, the language of the book is at a higher level. It demands full attention. And the book is not on a neutral note. You can find bias.
Overall I will give 2.5 out of 5.
Frankly speaking, the book changed hands twice before it came back to me. After reading a few pages, I became reluctant to review the book, so I gave it to my teammate. She returned the book with the same feedback, so the ball again fell in my court. So here I am to give you a brief of the book.
As per the title, one may feel that Mr. Tharoor has tried to present his thoughts of Nationalism and Patriotism, and his dream of being a true Indian. But I found content more of a collection of editorials. Also some topics he beautifully (also with vocabulary) explains and shows how the current government fails in achieving so. Those who don't know about Mr. Tharoor's political affiliation may find the book a good work that presents underlying problems of government.
But for those who are aware of his alliance with the Congress party, can easily identify his use of this book as a platform to loathe the current government. I don't mind if his allegations are just opposed to BJP, but by doing so he became forgetful of his party's misdeeds in the last 50 years. Also, I found it difficult to digest when he bombarded the country at large because it is not in line with his idea of freedom and Nationalism.
As usual, the language of the book is at a higher level. It demands full attention. And the book is not on a neutral note. You can find bias.
Overall I will give 2.5 out of 5.
December 29, 2020
Tharoor argues that in a hopelessly diverse country like India, ethnic nationalism of the Hindutva variety is a recipe for disaster. He proposes 'civic nationalism' which is not based on any shared identity but based on a shared commitment to liberal values and institutions. However, Tharoor does not answer the following concerns about civic nationalism (1) Does civic nationalism possess the emotive power of identitarian nationalism and its capacity to spur people towards great achievements? (2) If nationalism is merely a commitment to certain ideals and institutions why should it remain limited to a country? Does it not become some kind of cosmopolitanism?
Tharoor's book is not a sustained meditation on a serious issue in political theory. He has merely collected in one book newspaper articles written over a long period of time. This book appears hastily put together and amateurish.
Tharoor's book is not a sustained meditation on a serious issue in political theory. He has merely collected in one book newspaper articles written over a long period of time. This book appears hastily put together and amateurish.
January 19, 2021
“Nationalism is an infantile thing. It is the measles of mankind.”
- Albert Einstein
For anyone wondering what’s so measles about being intoxicatingly in love with your own country, Charles de Gaulle clarifies the difference between ‘Patriotism’ and ‘Nationalism.”
“Patriotism is when love for your country comes first; nationalism, when hate for people other than your own comes first.”
- Charles de Gaulle
I did not love this book as much as I was hoping to, but I think that’s an entirely ‘me’ problem and nothing to do with its actual contents. So I went into this looking for an examination of why hindutva ideology has grown to its current proportions, possibly the cultural and economic forces that led to the proliferation of bigoted populist leaders. And the book does touch on that, in a general way, in the beginning. Here’s what I gleaned. Globalization was viewed as the pet project of the neoliberal elitists who made their fortunes bleeding the working class dry leading to a festering resentment of the middle classes against all “elitist values” such as cosmopolitanism, multiculturalism and secularism. They really did chuck the baby out with the bath water there in their quest for a simpler(pre globalization) world with its “simple answers.” And thus we arrive at the current slew of populist leaders seeming to be popping up everywhere.
Section two of the book talks about India’s founding fathers and their vision for India’s civic nationalism. One of these founding fathers, Ambedkar(Nehru and Patel are the other two) held a very grim view of the future of India’s constitutional democracy, believing Indians to come from undemocratic soil. He stated that a constitution was only as good as the people who work it. His dim view of India’s future seems to be coming true in our current political climate.
The next section deals with the birth and development of hindutva ideology, through the teachings of Savarkar and his successors, how they want a “Hindu Pakistan” and how insecure they are about allowing any other religion, specially Muslims, to operate and exist in what they see as a “Hindu Rashtra.” Dr Tharoor proves through several examples as well as through the work of several historians and scholars that there never was a Hindu-Muslim divide in the country until the British started emphasizing the differences between the two while tabulating and labeling aspects of Indian culture and then dividing the country along those fault lines. By buying into these divisions, advocates of hindutva are playing into old imperialist agendas. So much for rejecting western culture.
There is a lot of pages devoted to current Modi led governments moves to assert their insidious ideology through various legislation like the CAA and the NRC as well as the weakening of democracy under their their rule. There are a few chilling parallels to nazi Germany that were depressing to me that I skimmed over this section. Honestly, politics drains me.
Books of this type often end with a plea to the reader to raise his/her moral conscience or risk losing a vibrant, multicultural, multiethnic democracy. This part always pains me a bit because I always think, yeah right, that’s not going to work. Still, it’s a nice message to end with. People who are a part of these groups usually don’t have beliefs tethered in logic or truth. They want to believe because they want to belong to a community, even an angry and negative one. Conspiracy theorists don’t believe any less even when confronted with contrary facts, in fact they believe more. The modi cult needs more than alternative facts to wake up. These guys have drunk the kool aid.
What I was looking for was a book about the radicalization of the Indian middle class in north India. The Congress perhaps, is in slight denial about this, after all it is a bitter pill to swallow. Anyone has recommendations, please leave them down below. And do pick up the “battle of belonging” even if you disagree with its ideas. It’s definitely worth a read.
- Albert Einstein
For anyone wondering what’s so measles about being intoxicatingly in love with your own country, Charles de Gaulle clarifies the difference between ‘Patriotism’ and ‘Nationalism.”
“Patriotism is when love for your country comes first; nationalism, when hate for people other than your own comes first.”
- Charles de Gaulle
I did not love this book as much as I was hoping to, but I think that’s an entirely ‘me’ problem and nothing to do with its actual contents. So I went into this looking for an examination of why hindutva ideology has grown to its current proportions, possibly the cultural and economic forces that led to the proliferation of bigoted populist leaders. And the book does touch on that, in a general way, in the beginning. Here’s what I gleaned. Globalization was viewed as the pet project of the neoliberal elitists who made their fortunes bleeding the working class dry leading to a festering resentment of the middle classes against all “elitist values” such as cosmopolitanism, multiculturalism and secularism. They really did chuck the baby out with the bath water there in their quest for a simpler(pre globalization) world with its “simple answers.” And thus we arrive at the current slew of populist leaders seeming to be popping up everywhere.
Section two of the book talks about India’s founding fathers and their vision for India’s civic nationalism. One of these founding fathers, Ambedkar(Nehru and Patel are the other two) held a very grim view of the future of India’s constitutional democracy, believing Indians to come from undemocratic soil. He stated that a constitution was only as good as the people who work it. His dim view of India’s future seems to be coming true in our current political climate.
The next section deals with the birth and development of hindutva ideology, through the teachings of Savarkar and his successors, how they want a “Hindu Pakistan” and how insecure they are about allowing any other religion, specially Muslims, to operate and exist in what they see as a “Hindu Rashtra.” Dr Tharoor proves through several examples as well as through the work of several historians and scholars that there never was a Hindu-Muslim divide in the country until the British started emphasizing the differences between the two while tabulating and labeling aspects of Indian culture and then dividing the country along those fault lines. By buying into these divisions, advocates of hindutva are playing into old imperialist agendas. So much for rejecting western culture.
There is a lot of pages devoted to current Modi led governments moves to assert their insidious ideology through various legislation like the CAA and the NRC as well as the weakening of democracy under their their rule. There are a few chilling parallels to nazi Germany that were depressing to me that I skimmed over this section. Honestly, politics drains me.
Books of this type often end with a plea to the reader to raise his/her moral conscience or risk losing a vibrant, multicultural, multiethnic democracy. This part always pains me a bit because I always think, yeah right, that’s not going to work. Still, it’s a nice message to end with. People who are a part of these groups usually don’t have beliefs tethered in logic or truth. They want to believe because they want to belong to a community, even an angry and negative one. Conspiracy theorists don’t believe any less even when confronted with contrary facts, in fact they believe more. The modi cult needs more than alternative facts to wake up. These guys have drunk the kool aid.
What I was looking for was a book about the radicalization of the Indian middle class in north India. The Congress perhaps, is in slight denial about this, after all it is a bitter pill to swallow. Anyone has recommendations, please leave them down below. And do pick up the “battle of belonging” even if you disagree with its ideas. It’s definitely worth a read.
January 27, 2021
Given how the nationalism and "Indianness" of India's citizens are being questioned almost every day, Shashi Tharoor's latest release, The Battle of Belonging: On Nationalism, Patriotism and What it Means to be Indian, couldn't have come at a better time.
The book is divided into six sections and begins with an exploration of Tharoor's nationalism and how it came from a sense of belonging, and proceeds to the historical and contemporary ideas of nationalism, patriotism, liberalism, democracy, and humanism. He explains how many of these originated in the West in the eighteenth and nineteenth century and then spread globally.
Tharoor dwells into the 'idea of India', the country's liberal constitutionalism, and what leaders, including, Mahatma Gandhi, Jawaharlal Nehru, and B R Ambedkar envisioned. He contrasts this with the narrow-minded and divisive Hindutva ideologues propagated by its followers and many of those in power today.
Tharoor argues that while patriotism is about what is right, nationalism is about might. "Both involve love of country and a willingness to make the ultimate sacrifice for it, but while the patriot is prepared to die for his homeland, the nationalist is prepared to kill for his state."
In the subsequent sections, Tharoor briefs about Hindutva and how it's different from Hinduism and how the proponents of Hindutva are advocating cultural nationalism as opposed to the civic nationalism enshrined in our constitution. Tharoor also details some of the prevalent issues in the country like the division between the northern and southern parts of the country, as well as some recent events that shook the country like the CAA protests and the abrogation of article 370.
Something that I love about Tharoor's writing is how he seamlessly blends in anecdotes from his life into the subjects he's addressing. As someone with the kind of experience he has, especially as a former under General-Secretary of the UN, these riveting anecdotes come from all over the world and involve people from all walks of life.
Find the full review here: https://reethuravi.wordpress.com/2021...
The book is divided into six sections and begins with an exploration of Tharoor's nationalism and how it came from a sense of belonging, and proceeds to the historical and contemporary ideas of nationalism, patriotism, liberalism, democracy, and humanism. He explains how many of these originated in the West in the eighteenth and nineteenth century and then spread globally.
Tharoor dwells into the 'idea of India', the country's liberal constitutionalism, and what leaders, including, Mahatma Gandhi, Jawaharlal Nehru, and B R Ambedkar envisioned. He contrasts this with the narrow-minded and divisive Hindutva ideologues propagated by its followers and many of those in power today.
Tharoor argues that while patriotism is about what is right, nationalism is about might. "Both involve love of country and a willingness to make the ultimate sacrifice for it, but while the patriot is prepared to die for his homeland, the nationalist is prepared to kill for his state."
In the subsequent sections, Tharoor briefs about Hindutva and how it's different from Hinduism and how the proponents of Hindutva are advocating cultural nationalism as opposed to the civic nationalism enshrined in our constitution. Tharoor also details some of the prevalent issues in the country like the division between the northern and southern parts of the country, as well as some recent events that shook the country like the CAA protests and the abrogation of article 370.
Something that I love about Tharoor's writing is how he seamlessly blends in anecdotes from his life into the subjects he's addressing. As someone with the kind of experience he has, especially as a former under General-Secretary of the UN, these riveting anecdotes come from all over the world and involve people from all walks of life.
Find the full review here: https://reethuravi.wordpress.com/2021...
March 6, 2025
I can safely say I am going through a Tharoormania at this stage! Surely, there must be a word to capture the absolute delight or joy one feels when reading a well-crafted, articulated and eloquently written book. This is my 3rd Tharoor, and currently, I am reading another, and one is on its way.
I guess the audience for this book is Indian, but I think others can profit from it, mainly when he explores the history of nationalism/ patriotism, etc. (first 200 pages)
The book divides nationalism into two broad categories: ethnic and civic. US/India/UK are conceptually civic, while Israel, Saud, and Pakistan are crafted around ethnic lines. By ethnic, he means ethnicity, religion, territoriality, linguistics, etc.
He talks about Uighur Muslims in China, where they are being forcefully reeducated to erase their culture. I recently took a course on indigenous people in Canada and work around the Truth and Reconciliation Commission. It seems the same thing is happening with Uighurs as what happened to Indigenous people in Canada with residential schools.
Tharoor discusses Freud's fascinating concept of the narcissism of minor differences!
I have read Tagore's Nationalism and how he opposed it but did not know so was Sarat Chandra (Writer of Devdas).
He differentiates between patriotism and nationalism. One is love despite its flaws (P), while nationalism is misplaced vanity. P is about dying for your country, but N is about killing for your country. Patriots honour other patriots, but nationalists look at other nationalists (from different countries) as enemies. The prestige element of Nationalism results in imperialistic endeavour
I have to read Ansar Hussain Khan's The Rediscovery of India. Mr Ansar was indeed interesting, he switched citizenship from Pakistan to India.
Dr Ambedkar, the architect of India's constitution, is fascinating. He mentioned that in politics, we agree on one man, one vote/value, but in the economy, we deny one man, one value (Sen also mentions it as one dollar, one value). He questions how long we can continue this contradiction.
Tharoor makes a fascinating analogy that, unlike the US as a melting pot, India is a Thali: each item in a thali is different, but they come together to form a coherent whole meal. So Punjabis are different from Calcutta, but they are still part of India.
I guess the audience for this book is Indian, but I think others can profit from it, mainly when he explores the history of nationalism/ patriotism, etc. (first 200 pages)
The book divides nationalism into two broad categories: ethnic and civic. US/India/UK are conceptually civic, while Israel, Saud, and Pakistan are crafted around ethnic lines. By ethnic, he means ethnicity, religion, territoriality, linguistics, etc.
He talks about Uighur Muslims in China, where they are being forcefully reeducated to erase their culture. I recently took a course on indigenous people in Canada and work around the Truth and Reconciliation Commission. It seems the same thing is happening with Uighurs as what happened to Indigenous people in Canada with residential schools.
Tharoor discusses Freud's fascinating concept of the narcissism of minor differences!
I have read Tagore's Nationalism and how he opposed it but did not know so was Sarat Chandra (Writer of Devdas).
He differentiates between patriotism and nationalism. One is love despite its flaws (P), while nationalism is misplaced vanity. P is about dying for your country, but N is about killing for your country. Patriots honour other patriots, but nationalists look at other nationalists (from different countries) as enemies. The prestige element of Nationalism results in imperialistic endeavour
I have to read Ansar Hussain Khan's The Rediscovery of India. Mr Ansar was indeed interesting, he switched citizenship from Pakistan to India.
Dr Ambedkar, the architect of India's constitution, is fascinating. He mentioned that in politics, we agree on one man, one vote/value, but in the economy, we deny one man, one value (Sen also mentions it as one dollar, one value). He questions how long we can continue this contradiction.
Tharoor makes a fascinating analogy that, unlike the US as a melting pot, India is a Thali: each item in a thali is different, but they come together to form a coherent whole meal. So Punjabis are different from Calcutta, but they are still part of India.
December 31, 2020
"Patriots love their country not out of misplaced vanity but out of love, not just because of its attractiveness but in spite of its flaws"
'While the patriot is prepared to die for his homeland, the nationalist is prepared to kill for his state" - Shashi Tharoor.
Battle of Belonging comes at a time when democracies around the world are turning autocratic, and people share the distorted idea of nationalism & patriotism - each defined in their own pocket of conveniences. I couldn't have asked for a better timing to read this book, for I myself have been lost in the conundrum of who I am - at least politically and patriotically. The book questions, and sometimes answers, the very fabric of such puzzles.
Mr Tharoor's latest book can be divided in three parts: A sustained delineation of the evolution of nationalism in theory and practice , a diagnosis of the contemporary challenges in Indian nationalism, and Tharoor’s vision for a repurposing of nationalistic understanding that neutralize India’s present version of majoritarian nationalism. In each part, he draws parallels from history, views of notable men in the demesne (Thomas Hobbes, Tagore, Ernest Gellner, Benedict Anderson and many), throws simple yet surprising facts onto our faces. Thoroughly elucidating the likes of Yuval Noah Harari, Tharoor remarks that the idea of nationalism is fiction created by men for the development of society.
The book raises alarming questions about Hindutva, RSS and of course, the BJP with respect to how the idea of nationalism and being Indian is being imposed and sometimes marred in the minds of Indians. The book is also quite vocal about the Hindu - Muslim relationship and how history has been fabricated to suit the tastes of a singular political party. As I flipped the pages, I went through a myriad of feelings - I wondered where I stand in terms of being a patriot or a nationalist, and even felt proud to be Indian in the truest sense of being one. Some beautiful anecdotes brought out in the book with the flavour of "Tharoorism" would certainly make you laugh, think and even question the way the government is functioning.
While I expected the book to be an out an out lashing of the BJP, Mr Tharoor surprised me with his pragmatic views of the situation and offers a solution too. However, despite the gargantuan ambitiousness of the book, it lacks the punch which was found in his earlier book "The Era of Darkness". I have found an answer to why people in Tamil Nadu cheered the victory of Senator Kamala Harris, but I'm left wondering if there is an answer to the unquestionable crisis the present government has put our country into. I'm still at loss for the question of "What do we need now?". A better government? Or better citizens? Or worse, a better country?
'While the patriot is prepared to die for his homeland, the nationalist is prepared to kill for his state" - Shashi Tharoor.
Battle of Belonging comes at a time when democracies around the world are turning autocratic, and people share the distorted idea of nationalism & patriotism - each defined in their own pocket of conveniences. I couldn't have asked for a better timing to read this book, for I myself have been lost in the conundrum of who I am - at least politically and patriotically. The book questions, and sometimes answers, the very fabric of such puzzles.
Mr Tharoor's latest book can be divided in three parts: A sustained delineation of the evolution of nationalism in theory and practice , a diagnosis of the contemporary challenges in Indian nationalism, and Tharoor’s vision for a repurposing of nationalistic understanding that neutralize India’s present version of majoritarian nationalism. In each part, he draws parallels from history, views of notable men in the demesne (Thomas Hobbes, Tagore, Ernest Gellner, Benedict Anderson and many), throws simple yet surprising facts onto our faces. Thoroughly elucidating the likes of Yuval Noah Harari, Tharoor remarks that the idea of nationalism is fiction created by men for the development of society.
The book raises alarming questions about Hindutva, RSS and of course, the BJP with respect to how the idea of nationalism and being Indian is being imposed and sometimes marred in the minds of Indians. The book is also quite vocal about the Hindu - Muslim relationship and how history has been fabricated to suit the tastes of a singular political party. As I flipped the pages, I went through a myriad of feelings - I wondered where I stand in terms of being a patriot or a nationalist, and even felt proud to be Indian in the truest sense of being one. Some beautiful anecdotes brought out in the book with the flavour of "Tharoorism" would certainly make you laugh, think and even question the way the government is functioning.
While I expected the book to be an out an out lashing of the BJP, Mr Tharoor surprised me with his pragmatic views of the situation and offers a solution too. However, despite the gargantuan ambitiousness of the book, it lacks the punch which was found in his earlier book "The Era of Darkness". I have found an answer to why people in Tamil Nadu cheered the victory of Senator Kamala Harris, but I'm left wondering if there is an answer to the unquestionable crisis the present government has put our country into. I'm still at loss for the question of "What do we need now?". A better government? Or better citizens? Or worse, a better country?
June 6, 2022
Neither the best nor the most fluent of books by Shashi Tharoor, but it does its job well. 3.5 stars.
January 15, 2021
One of the most unique quality of India as a country is its diversity. When I think of India, the first thing that comes to my mind is its cultures, religions, various languages and people loving each other with open hearts.
Amidst the recent political situation in India, the Central Government trying to propogate Hinduism, it is very important for us to truly understand why India has always stood as Secular Democracy.
This detailed, well written book explores the ideas of nationalism, patriotism, citizenship and belonging. Tharoor explains these ideas in the light of India's history, as per its liberal constitution and as per some great leaders of our country like Gandhi, Nehru, Tagore, Ambedkar, Patel, Azad, etc. Tharoor also gives us a rational understanding of how propagating the ideas of Hindutva and India as a Hindu nation will threaten our nationhood.
The book od divided into 6 parts:
1.The Idea of Nationalism
2.The Idea of India
3.The Hindutva Idea of India
4.The Ongoing Battle of Belonging
5.The Anxiety of Nationhood
6. Reclaiming India's Soul
I think this is a must read for everyone, even if you are not interested in politics, this book answers so many questions and addresses pressing issues that we are facing as a country!
Definitely recommended!
Amidst the recent political situation in India, the Central Government trying to propogate Hinduism, it is very important for us to truly understand why India has always stood as Secular Democracy.
This detailed, well written book explores the ideas of nationalism, patriotism, citizenship and belonging. Tharoor explains these ideas in the light of India's history, as per its liberal constitution and as per some great leaders of our country like Gandhi, Nehru, Tagore, Ambedkar, Patel, Azad, etc. Tharoor also gives us a rational understanding of how propagating the ideas of Hindutva and India as a Hindu nation will threaten our nationhood.
The book od divided into 6 parts:
1.The Idea of Nationalism
2.The Idea of India
3.The Hindutva Idea of India
4.The Ongoing Battle of Belonging
5.The Anxiety of Nationhood
6. Reclaiming India's Soul
I think this is a must read for everyone, even if you are not interested in politics, this book answers so many questions and addresses pressing issues that we are facing as a country!
Definitely recommended!
March 29, 2021
One agrees with almost everything that Tharoor says in BoB - that the old idea of India is under threat, that the present dispensation is working overtime to dismantle the edifice of 'secularism' that the nation has stood on since Independence, even that Muslims in India feel more insecure today than ever before in the history of independent India. What one doesn't agree with is his diagnosis of the ailment. His attempt at blaming the BJP for the current situation conveniently sidesteps his party's (Congress) contribution to it. In fact, the rise of the intolerant, extremist Hindutva ideology owes far more to the pseudo-secularism practiced by the Congress than to anything else. This significant drawback aside, BoB is a powerful appeal for restoring sanity to the present chaotic order of things, and that in itself, makes it a great read.
March 7, 2021
The Battle of Belonging
In a global situation marked by isolationist tendencies, majoritarianism, ethnonationalism, virtual walls and restricted movements, the battle of belonging is quite real. The battles of belonging, in fact, started with proclivity towards right wing parties across the globe but the COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated these battles. Amidst such crises, Shashi Tharoor, a seasoned politician and ex-UN personnel, brings to the fore what belongingness means, what the facets of belongingness are and what led to the fact of belongingness turn into a battle with the case study of India per se.
In ‘The Battle of Belonging’, the author explains a gamut of terms related to the concepts of nationalism and patriotism. He explains what kinds of nationalisms exist across the world like linguistic nationalism, religious nationalism and ethnic nationalism along with a few examples of each category. The author also illustrates personal anecdotes and first-hand experiences of nationalisms of many types. The author further points out the differences between some commonly inter-changeable words like - patriotism, nationalism and jingoism. In contrast of all the different types of nationalisms that can be coined, the kind of nationalism in India is singular, the author argues. The author explains how India cannot be defined in narrow terms of mere nationalism but civic nationalism is a goal that founding fathers and the constitution makers of India had dreamt of.
In ancient history, the nationalism of India was quite different from the other contemporary nations; in medieval times, the nationalism evolved to a wider geography, and in modern times, the Indian nationalism still holds a spot at global platform different from other nations - be it France or Afghanistan. The author explains that Indian nationalism has always been marked with diversity, pluralism, tolerance and acceptance. Such attributes, along with civic nationalism and basic human rights, form the core of Indians. Denying this belongingness to someone on parochial grounds of religion, caste, creed or race is morally and constitutionally incorrect at multiple fronts.
The author, with broad consensus of liberal ideologists, underscores the fact that India does not demand uniformity; rather, it demands unity. Also, the criteria for belongingness should be defined by consensus and not by coerced conformity.
As rightly pointed out by Dr. Tharoor, it is the patriotic tendency that will bring to an end this battle of belonging and not the ethno-nationalism and it should be the goal of every patriot of this country to serve in bringing this crisis to an end.
In a global situation marked by isolationist tendencies, majoritarianism, ethnonationalism, virtual walls and restricted movements, the battle of belonging is quite real. The battles of belonging, in fact, started with proclivity towards right wing parties across the globe but the COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated these battles. Amidst such crises, Shashi Tharoor, a seasoned politician and ex-UN personnel, brings to the fore what belongingness means, what the facets of belongingness are and what led to the fact of belongingness turn into a battle with the case study of India per se.
In ‘The Battle of Belonging’, the author explains a gamut of terms related to the concepts of nationalism and patriotism. He explains what kinds of nationalisms exist across the world like linguistic nationalism, religious nationalism and ethnic nationalism along with a few examples of each category. The author also illustrates personal anecdotes and first-hand experiences of nationalisms of many types. The author further points out the differences between some commonly inter-changeable words like - patriotism, nationalism and jingoism. In contrast of all the different types of nationalisms that can be coined, the kind of nationalism in India is singular, the author argues. The author explains how India cannot be defined in narrow terms of mere nationalism but civic nationalism is a goal that founding fathers and the constitution makers of India had dreamt of.
In ancient history, the nationalism of India was quite different from the other contemporary nations; in medieval times, the nationalism evolved to a wider geography, and in modern times, the Indian nationalism still holds a spot at global platform different from other nations - be it France or Afghanistan. The author explains that Indian nationalism has always been marked with diversity, pluralism, tolerance and acceptance. Such attributes, along with civic nationalism and basic human rights, form the core of Indians. Denying this belongingness to someone on parochial grounds of religion, caste, creed or race is morally and constitutionally incorrect at multiple fronts.
The author, with broad consensus of liberal ideologists, underscores the fact that India does not demand uniformity; rather, it demands unity. Also, the criteria for belongingness should be defined by consensus and not by coerced conformity.
As rightly pointed out by Dr. Tharoor, it is the patriotic tendency that will bring to an end this battle of belonging and not the ethno-nationalism and it should be the goal of every patriot of this country to serve in bringing this crisis to an end.
August 25, 2022
ഇന്ത്യയിൽ നാമിന്നു കാണുന്ന പ്രധാന പോരാട്ടം മതത്തിലൂന്നിയ ദേശീയതയും സാംസ്കാരികതയിൽ ഊന്നിയ ദേശീയതയും തമ്മിലുള്ളതാണ്. ഇന്ത്യ എന്ന രാജ്യത്തിന്റെ നെടുംതൂണായ മതേതരത്വം അട്ടിമറിയുടെ ഭീഷണിയിൽപ്പെട്ടുഴലുന്നു. മതേതരത്വത്തിന്റെ ശരിയായ അർത്ഥം ഇതിൽ വിശദീകരിക്കുന്നുമുണ്ട്. ഭരണഘടനയെ ചവിട്ടടിയിലാക്കിയും ഐതിഹ്യങ്ങളെ ചരിത്രമാക്കിയും ന്യൂനപക്ഷങ്ങളെ ഭയാശങ്കരാക്കിയും മതാധിഷ്ഠിത ദേശീയത അതിന്റെ കരിനിഴൽ നമ്മളുടെമേൽ പടർത്തുന്നു. സ്വന്തം രാജ്യത്തിനും അവകാശങ്ങൾക്കുമായി ഇന്ത്യാക്കാർ പോരാടേണ്ടിവരുന്നു. എന്താണ് ഇന്ത്യ? ആരാണ് ഇന്ത്യക്കാർ? എന്താണ് ശരിയായ ദേശീയത, ദേശസ്നേഹം? എന്നിവയെ ആഴത്തിൽ വിശകലനം ചെയ്യുന്നു.
January 28, 2021
Highly relevant, anecdotal & convincing
Dr Tharoor reinstates the fact that to fully understand & appreciate a concept, at the core of any idea shall lie thorough analysis. He debates on this line throughout the book, in varied forms.
As practical as it's theoretical- it's spoken both in thought & in action. Drawn from a long line of history & culture, where the past is blended with the present, this book extends on one thought- the existence of Nationalism & the contextual expression of the said idea of Nationalism, bringing together many resources in a meaningful, very insightful manner. With an extensive reading list, it gives us a chance to explore more, even if we stand at the lower bottom of sociopolitical awareness.
Finally, it awakens us to contemporary issues & challenges, but offers little relief. With relevant criticism, you find a place missing for alternatives & suggestions. Maybe the solutions are ours to find, as citizens, as a collective.
Dr Tharoor reinstates the fact that to fully understand & appreciate a concept, at the core of any idea shall lie thorough analysis. He debates on this line throughout the book, in varied forms.
As practical as it's theoretical- it's spoken both in thought & in action. Drawn from a long line of history & culture, where the past is blended with the present, this book extends on one thought- the existence of Nationalism & the contextual expression of the said idea of Nationalism, bringing together many resources in a meaningful, very insightful manner. With an extensive reading list, it gives us a chance to explore more, even if we stand at the lower bottom of sociopolitical awareness.
Finally, it awakens us to contemporary issues & challenges, but offers little relief. With relevant criticism, you find a place missing for alternatives & suggestions. Maybe the solutions are ours to find, as citizens, as a collective.
December 24, 2020
Shashi Tharoor’s book delves into nationalism. What is nationalism? It seems to be almost impossible to reach at a unity on this subject. Is it defined by religion, language, a shared heritage or by any other means?
In the first part of the book, he delves into this subject in some depth. He has described the history of nationalism and has also described how the various definitions emerged. This section is remarkable. He has achieved a marvelous task of creating a composite picture. A lesser writer would fail.
He then writes about the upsurge of nationalism in Europe and its influence on India.
These early sections in the volume are fascinating. Dr Tharoor is an unusual politician in India today. There was a day when Indian politics could claim to have many scholarly leaders. Not anymore.
India’s situation is unique in its own way. He has quoted Rabindranath Tagore extensively. Tagore represented one view in those early days of nationalism in India. Aurobindo, Savarkar and Gandhi had other views on nationalism and nations.
People today regard Savarkar as the father of ‘Hindutva’. However, even his rather radical views have been warped by men like Golwalkar who built the RSS organization in India.
Shashi Tharoor then moves on to the next sections of the book. In these sections, he has charted Modi’s rise, from his early days to his current role as Prime Minister of India.
He has committed a substantial part of the central section of the book to describing Modi, his personality cult, and how he is shaping India today.
I sympathize with Shashi Tharoor’s and concur with his view on Prime Minister Modi. He has broken up this section into neat chapters. It is easy to follow his rationale.
However, Dr Tharoor is a politician. He has dedicated almost 40% of the book (if not more) to Prime Minister Modi. He has laid too much emphasis on Narender Modi. In doing so, he has weakened the narrative. He has committed only the last 5% to his declaration of a ‘call to action’.
He does give us a hint of what nationalism means to him. What Indian nationalism means to him.
I would suggest something stronger. The book would be greater if he had offered us the hint of a guide. He would have presented an interesting case.
It is one thing to persuade us that Prime Minister Modi is not a suitable Prime Minister. It is not, however, the complete picture.
What does he offer? He could not straddle two horses well: the academic and the political.
It is an excellent book. Shashi Tharoor writes with flair, conviction and passion. He has used quotations judiciously. He has woven a wonderful narrative. A lesser intellect would have failed.
It is a book that Indians should read with an open mind. Then ask themselves a few questions.
What sort of country do we demand? What is nationalism, and what do we understand by this?
What is the authentic soul of India? If we are a house divided, will we be able to raise a sound foundation for the generations that will follow us?
In the first part of the book, he delves into this subject in some depth. He has described the history of nationalism and has also described how the various definitions emerged. This section is remarkable. He has achieved a marvelous task of creating a composite picture. A lesser writer would fail.
He then writes about the upsurge of nationalism in Europe and its influence on India.
These early sections in the volume are fascinating. Dr Tharoor is an unusual politician in India today. There was a day when Indian politics could claim to have many scholarly leaders. Not anymore.
India’s situation is unique in its own way. He has quoted Rabindranath Tagore extensively. Tagore represented one view in those early days of nationalism in India. Aurobindo, Savarkar and Gandhi had other views on nationalism and nations.
People today regard Savarkar as the father of ‘Hindutva’. However, even his rather radical views have been warped by men like Golwalkar who built the RSS organization in India.
Shashi Tharoor then moves on to the next sections of the book. In these sections, he has charted Modi’s rise, from his early days to his current role as Prime Minister of India.
He has committed a substantial part of the central section of the book to describing Modi, his personality cult, and how he is shaping India today.
I sympathize with Shashi Tharoor’s and concur with his view on Prime Minister Modi. He has broken up this section into neat chapters. It is easy to follow his rationale.
However, Dr Tharoor is a politician. He has dedicated almost 40% of the book (if not more) to Prime Minister Modi. He has laid too much emphasis on Narender Modi. In doing so, he has weakened the narrative. He has committed only the last 5% to his declaration of a ‘call to action’.
He does give us a hint of what nationalism means to him. What Indian nationalism means to him.
I would suggest something stronger. The book would be greater if he had offered us the hint of a guide. He would have presented an interesting case.
It is one thing to persuade us that Prime Minister Modi is not a suitable Prime Minister. It is not, however, the complete picture.
What does he offer? He could not straddle two horses well: the academic and the political.
It is an excellent book. Shashi Tharoor writes with flair, conviction and passion. He has used quotations judiciously. He has woven a wonderful narrative. A lesser intellect would have failed.
It is a book that Indians should read with an open mind. Then ask themselves a few questions.
What sort of country do we demand? What is nationalism, and what do we understand by this?
What is the authentic soul of India? If we are a house divided, will we be able to raise a sound foundation for the generations that will follow us?
January 17, 2021
I have read other books from the author and picked up this one too. I read this book deliberately to absorb the content. You cannot finish this book quickly. But, did the book raise a doubt in my mind about my Indianness? - that's an unanswered question. It is a good book for my collection though.
I would like to pick up something light now :)
I would like to pick up something light now :)
December 31, 2020
My last read for this year. Another powerful book by Dr. Shashi Tharoor. The premise of this book is the battle between the civic nationalism and ethnoreligiolinguistic nationalism. The question is which one we should belong to. Each of us can have our own opinion. As per the author, the evolving idea of ethnoreligious nationalism could be a disaster for a pluralist country like India. Yes, it is another politically inclined book where he strongly condemns the activity of the current government in diluting the constitution and distorting the nationalism. Personally, I am not in favour of any type of nationalism because I strongly believe that this idea of nationalism or the sense of "belonging" is the main reasons for conflicts. Humans should be seen as humans. So I may not endorse all that is being discussed in this book, but, it is quite an informative book. Worth reading and ponder over the ideas.
December 30, 2020
With growing debates over a nationalist and recent outpour of a raging sentiment of nationalism, I bought this book to understand nationalism in the Indian context. Although many other famous works are present with Tagore's and Orwell's works serving as a beacon, the idea of nationalism is quite perplexing. Iteration and reiteration with newer connotations make it further convoluted.
Shashi Tharoor has tried to demystify it for us through his erudite and researched work, extensively quoting scholars. The chapters limited to nationalism are succinct; however, the content in later chapters are contentious and forces to ruminate over, if not readily acceptable to the readers. It is a good read to look at national issues in a broader light.
Shashi Tharoor has tried to demystify it for us through his erudite and researched work, extensively quoting scholars. The chapters limited to nationalism are succinct; however, the content in later chapters are contentious and forces to ruminate over, if not readily acceptable to the readers. It is a good read to look at national issues in a broader light.
December 17, 2020
Much like how ‘Why I am Hindu?’ turned out to be, ‘The Battle of Belonging’ traces the same pathway but eventually, leads to a different outcome. This book is like a convex lens, housing all the information and then finally converging to a point that, surprisingly, makes complete sense. Just like his previous books, this book too divides information into various segments- the actual point of view, the general point of view and the expected point of view. In other words, Mr Tharoor discusses the theory and practice of patriotism, its origin and its purpose. In the next part, he elaborates on what it means to be patriotic, how to become a part of the national movement and how much importance these words hold in our country. In the last part, he expresses his desire for a country where people understand the meaning of nationalism and patriotism correctly and work together for a better future.
Read the full review here: https://aliveshadow.com/category-book...
Read the full review here: https://aliveshadow.com/category-book...
December 21, 2020
Very nice book.
November 23, 2023
Shashi Tharoor calls for civic nationalism in India rather than a religious ideology tailored to the needs of the majority. He argues that civic nationalism derives its “political legitimacy not from ethnicity, religion, language, culture, or any of the immutable trappings that people acquire from birth, but from the consent and active participation of their citizens, as free members of a democratic polity.” (p.31) He adds that for civic nationalism to work, liberal democratic institutions will have to work. He also differentiates between nationalism and patriotism, wherein nationalism is a vile expression of a person’s love for the homeland and patriotism is a benign one. Tharoor’s civic nationalism is tolerant towards diversity and devoid of the fear of the other.
Tharoor refers to his conception of Indian nationhood as a thali: “a selection of sumptuous dishes in different bowls. Each tastes different, and does not necessarily mix with the next, but they belong together on the same plate, and they complement each other in making the meal a satisfying repast,” (p.162) and refers to the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) one a khichdi: “we are one dish, with many ingredients all mixed up and cooked together. Yes, individual pieces might stand out in the mash, a carrot here, a potato there, but they are nothing other than parts of the meal.” (p.322) He calls “the battle of belonging in [India] a battle between two ideas—the idea of a civic nationhood of pluralism and institutions that protect our diversity and individual freedoms, pitted against the ethno-religious nationalism of the Hindu rashtra.” (p.400)
Tharoor’s idealism and aversion towards forms of nationalism other than civic nationalism notwithstanding, he seems to wittingly or unwittingly overlook the role played by nationalism in fighting wars, which is the source of its origin as an idea of mass mobilization and necessitates otherization. Whether one likes it or not, states have used different ideologies to mobilize their people to make the ultimate sacrifice for a “cause.” The appeal of civic nationalism might not be as strong or as uncomplicated (as he has himself admitted in the book) to mobilize large numbers of people when push comes to shove. One simply cannot wish away the political utility of “simplistic” nationalism amid a bout of idealism.
The second omission in the book is a comprehensive commentary on how caste features in his scheme of civic nationalism for India. He does mention how the founding fathers of India hated caste divisions but the fact of the matter, which he also laments in the book, is that the caste system is pervasive in the Indian socio-political milieu and has been actively promoted by the Indian governments at the union and state levels. Even though it runs counter to the basic principles of liberalism, upon which Tharoor bases his idea of civic nationalism, just wishing it away in the book was an insufficient tackling of the subject.
Overall, however, it’s a good read: a book that talks to you and engages you, even though I think it could have been shorter.
Tharoor refers to his conception of Indian nationhood as a thali: “a selection of sumptuous dishes in different bowls. Each tastes different, and does not necessarily mix with the next, but they belong together on the same plate, and they complement each other in making the meal a satisfying repast,” (p.162) and refers to the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) one a khichdi: “we are one dish, with many ingredients all mixed up and cooked together. Yes, individual pieces might stand out in the mash, a carrot here, a potato there, but they are nothing other than parts of the meal.” (p.322) He calls “the battle of belonging in [India] a battle between two ideas—the idea of a civic nationhood of pluralism and institutions that protect our diversity and individual freedoms, pitted against the ethno-religious nationalism of the Hindu rashtra.” (p.400)
Tharoor’s idealism and aversion towards forms of nationalism other than civic nationalism notwithstanding, he seems to wittingly or unwittingly overlook the role played by nationalism in fighting wars, which is the source of its origin as an idea of mass mobilization and necessitates otherization. Whether one likes it or not, states have used different ideologies to mobilize their people to make the ultimate sacrifice for a “cause.” The appeal of civic nationalism might not be as strong or as uncomplicated (as he has himself admitted in the book) to mobilize large numbers of people when push comes to shove. One simply cannot wish away the political utility of “simplistic” nationalism amid a bout of idealism.
The second omission in the book is a comprehensive commentary on how caste features in his scheme of civic nationalism for India. He does mention how the founding fathers of India hated caste divisions but the fact of the matter, which he also laments in the book, is that the caste system is pervasive in the Indian socio-political milieu and has been actively promoted by the Indian governments at the union and state levels. Even though it runs counter to the basic principles of liberalism, upon which Tharoor bases his idea of civic nationalism, just wishing it away in the book was an insufficient tackling of the subject.
Overall, however, it’s a good read: a book that talks to you and engages you, even though I think it could have been shorter.
October 2, 2021
Shashi Tharoor attempts to present his view of nationalism vs patriotism that influences the Indian political discourse currently.
While I usually find our favorite Kerala MP a delight to read, I was left with an impression of a half baked meal presented beautifully in exquisite cutlery. I drew parallels with his other book, Inglorious Empire (British colonization) where in contrast he did a masterful job of painting the real cause and effects of the much venerated British legacies like railways, telegraph, democracy etc. and calling out the convenient British narrative.
While in the Battle of Belonging, he takes a truncated biased view in understanding the majority’s shift to the right including the much vaunted middle class. Here he finds no fault or ties to the numerous invasions, cultural and religious destruction, conversions and mass rape, pillaging and killings that also occurred even before the entry of the British. Nor does he refer to the very real identity crisis plaguing so many, including me, being brought up in an education system that essentially infers that everything before 1947 as either the legacy of the British or Mughals and does not do justice to the true breadth and length of our 6000 yr civilization. Lastly he also assumes the beginning of the Constitution as the beginning of a truly diverse, accommodative civilized country. Doing so he again does not answer how refugees like Parsis and Jews lived in India for 100s of yrs without any change to their customs or beliefs, even without a constitution? And in doing so again seemingly sweeps the 6000 yr culture sensibilities and societal evolution under the rug as non factor, with apparently the constitution first and foremost in Indian’s minds when they do good. Constitution is a paper written by a few top folks not worth its salt without either absolute domination to make people follow or the people by large per their evolved culture find synergy with it and subscribe accordingly. We only need to see the many failed nations within a few yrs of independence, collapsing because the constitution, laws are just words on paper that without majority citizens self subscription is worth only the ink in which written.
Overall does not do justice or provide a path to understanding fully the current conflict in the same way I know he could like in Inglorious Empire.
While I usually find our favorite Kerala MP a delight to read, I was left with an impression of a half baked meal presented beautifully in exquisite cutlery. I drew parallels with his other book, Inglorious Empire (British colonization) where in contrast he did a masterful job of painting the real cause and effects of the much venerated British legacies like railways, telegraph, democracy etc. and calling out the convenient British narrative.
While in the Battle of Belonging, he takes a truncated biased view in understanding the majority’s shift to the right including the much vaunted middle class. Here he finds no fault or ties to the numerous invasions, cultural and religious destruction, conversions and mass rape, pillaging and killings that also occurred even before the entry of the British. Nor does he refer to the very real identity crisis plaguing so many, including me, being brought up in an education system that essentially infers that everything before 1947 as either the legacy of the British or Mughals and does not do justice to the true breadth and length of our 6000 yr civilization. Lastly he also assumes the beginning of the Constitution as the beginning of a truly diverse, accommodative civilized country. Doing so he again does not answer how refugees like Parsis and Jews lived in India for 100s of yrs without any change to their customs or beliefs, even without a constitution? And in doing so again seemingly sweeps the 6000 yr culture sensibilities and societal evolution under the rug as non factor, with apparently the constitution first and foremost in Indian’s minds when they do good. Constitution is a paper written by a few top folks not worth its salt without either absolute domination to make people follow or the people by large per their evolved culture find synergy with it and subscribe accordingly. We only need to see the many failed nations within a few yrs of independence, collapsing because the constitution, laws are just words on paper that without majority citizens self subscription is worth only the ink in which written.
Overall does not do justice or provide a path to understanding fully the current conflict in the same way I know he could like in Inglorious Empire.
September 28, 2021
This book is an important and timely discussion on what it means to be an Indian in India today, especially amidst its current (disturbing) political scenario. The Orwellian question is borrowed and rephrased:
There are over a billion Indians alive today.
But are some Indians more Indian than others?
This book is a strong argument for civic nationalism enshrined on a constitutional republic instead of the ethno-religious-linguistic nationalism favoured by BJP and its Hindutva movement.
If you are someone who follows the writer's works, you might be a bit bored by the repetition of a considerable amount of ideas from his last books( like 'Why I Am a Hindu' and 'The Paradoxical Prime Minister: Narendra Modi and His India'). But I felt chapters about the etiolation of democratic institutions, CAA & NRC, Kashmir(&Article 370), Ayodhya verdict, etc. are must-read areas.
One of my favourite parts of the book was when the question of nationalism was discussed against the question of individuality/individual liberty in a democracy. I wish this section was explored more in detail.
Quoting from the book:
"Every community, majority or minority, often appeals to the thought that something must not be imposed on them if they do not consent it. The problem is that communities do not often extend the same courtesy to individuals within them... Indians need to move away from the idea that it is composed of a social contract between communities, to the idea that it should be a zone of individual freedom..." - Excerpt by Professor Pratap Bhanu Mehta
An immediate aftereffect of reading this book might be a heightened interest in the following subjects:
-World nations: their history, nation formation, current political scenario etc
-Notes about nationalism and internationalism by writers like Rabindranath Tagore, George Orwell
-Notes by Ambedkar, Umberto Eco, Amartya Sen, etc about nationalism/ India in general
P.S. I'm sure the readers will keep in mind that the author is also a member of a national political party that opposes the ideologies and political aspirations of the ruling party, BJP, both vocally and politically.
There are over a billion Indians alive today.
But are some Indians more Indian than others?
This book is a strong argument for civic nationalism enshrined on a constitutional republic instead of the ethno-religious-linguistic nationalism favoured by BJP and its Hindutva movement.
If you are someone who follows the writer's works, you might be a bit bored by the repetition of a considerable amount of ideas from his last books( like 'Why I Am a Hindu' and 'The Paradoxical Prime Minister: Narendra Modi and His India'). But I felt chapters about the etiolation of democratic institutions, CAA & NRC, Kashmir(&Article 370), Ayodhya verdict, etc. are must-read areas.
One of my favourite parts of the book was when the question of nationalism was discussed against the question of individuality/individual liberty in a democracy. I wish this section was explored more in detail.
Quoting from the book:
"Every community, majority or minority, often appeals to the thought that something must not be imposed on them if they do not consent it. The problem is that communities do not often extend the same courtesy to individuals within them... Indians need to move away from the idea that it is composed of a social contract between communities, to the idea that it should be a zone of individual freedom..." - Excerpt by Professor Pratap Bhanu Mehta
An immediate aftereffect of reading this book might be a heightened interest in the following subjects:
-World nations: their history, nation formation, current political scenario etc
-Notes about nationalism and internationalism by writers like Rabindranath Tagore, George Orwell
-Notes by Ambedkar, Umberto Eco, Amartya Sen, etc about nationalism/ India in general
P.S. I'm sure the readers will keep in mind that the author is also a member of a national political party that opposes the ideologies and political aspirations of the ruling party, BJP, both vocally and politically.
April 19, 2025
(ACTUAL RATING- 3.5/5)
Tharoor’s “Battle of Belonging” is impressive to say the least. (The book) starts off by giving a brief introduction between various topics such as global cosmopolitanism, protectionism, humanism, nationalism and patriotism and makes sure to distinguish each from the other. He then illustrates the civic nationalism which can trace its foundations to the Freedom Fighters and the Constituent Assembly Of India, who visualized a liberal democracy where every individual has equal rights. After, he goes on to highlight how this version of India and Indian-ness is being challenged by the Hindu-Hindi-Hindutva Ethnonationalistic Populism, which is being led by Narendra Modi and gives examples of various egregious acts being done in both his first and second term. This could be:
1) The CAA and NRC
2) Article 370
3) Supposed “Etiolation of Democratic Institutions” such as the Judiciary, the ECI
4) The Ram Mandir in Ayodhya
And the likes.
While I am new to this debate about what intrinsically defines India as a country, Tharoor laid it out pretty good to me by alluding to Tagore and his universal humanism, whilst also signaling a form of healthy patriotism nestled in civic nationalism. However, after a good chunk of the book, it starts to feel like Tharoor is running out of ideas- he starts repeating his thesis over and over again, with the same scholarship (Pratap Bhanu Mehta- and the likes), whilst sometimes giving flimsy reasons to why certain actions made by the government was particularly bad (for example, demonetization).
Regardless, the crux of Tharoor’s thesis remains strong, and I do believe that certain actions and policies the BJP employs are petty (yet Tharoor casually ignores any critiques of his party, the Congress. I am sure they shouldn’t just be given a clean chit like that!)
I think a non-partisan view of the dilemma India faces would have been better. However, the validity of Tharoor’s claim doesn’t change. What does is the fact that I’m going to read J. Sai Deepak next!
Tharoor’s “Battle of Belonging” is impressive to say the least. (The book) starts off by giving a brief introduction between various topics such as global cosmopolitanism, protectionism, humanism, nationalism and patriotism and makes sure to distinguish each from the other. He then illustrates the civic nationalism which can trace its foundations to the Freedom Fighters and the Constituent Assembly Of India, who visualized a liberal democracy where every individual has equal rights. After, he goes on to highlight how this version of India and Indian-ness is being challenged by the Hindu-Hindi-Hindutva Ethnonationalistic Populism, which is being led by Narendra Modi and gives examples of various egregious acts being done in both his first and second term. This could be:
1) The CAA and NRC
2) Article 370
3) Supposed “Etiolation of Democratic Institutions” such as the Judiciary, the ECI
4) The Ram Mandir in Ayodhya
And the likes.
While I am new to this debate about what intrinsically defines India as a country, Tharoor laid it out pretty good to me by alluding to Tagore and his universal humanism, whilst also signaling a form of healthy patriotism nestled in civic nationalism. However, after a good chunk of the book, it starts to feel like Tharoor is running out of ideas- he starts repeating his thesis over and over again, with the same scholarship (Pratap Bhanu Mehta- and the likes), whilst sometimes giving flimsy reasons to why certain actions made by the government was particularly bad (for example, demonetization).
Regardless, the crux of Tharoor’s thesis remains strong, and I do believe that certain actions and policies the BJP employs are petty (yet Tharoor casually ignores any critiques of his party, the Congress. I am sure they shouldn’t just be given a clean chit like that!)
I think a non-partisan view of the dilemma India faces would have been better. However, the validity of Tharoor’s claim doesn’t change. What does is the fact that I’m going to read J. Sai Deepak next!
December 30, 2020
𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗕𝗔𝗧𝗧𝗟𝗘 𝗢𝗙 𝗕𝗘𝗟𝗢𝗡𝗚𝗜𝗡𝗚
★★★★★
Author : @shashitharoor
Published by : @alephbookco
There are over a billion Indians alive today.
But are some Indians more Indian than others?
This is a prominent question around us since last few years and to answer this question one that is central to the identity of every man, woman, and child who belongs to the modern Republic of India, eminent thinker and bestselling writer Shashi Tharoor explores hotly contested ideas of nationalism, patriotism, citizenship, and belonging.
Tharoor is a great thinker and speaker of our time. In this book, he alleges that an alternative embodiment of nationalism has been built and imposed to exclude a particular set of citizens for the sake of an ingenious uniformity. This book so extensive, striking but not that aggressive. This is a luminous study of foundational ideas and concepts and national values.
This book radiantly explains the difference between nationalism and patriotism. This book is the conclusion of feelings, lessons and contentions on issues of nationalism and patriotism which are not just speculative but intentionally personal too.
This book is divided into six major sections. It begins by providing a historical context to ideas like nationalism, patriotism, humanism, democracy and traces their inception.
Tharoor vividly alleged that the Government under Prime Minister Modi threatening the most vital and fundamental idea of India on which our founding fathers emphasized too. In this book, he also opposes the Citizenship Amendment Act. According to him, the bill was nothing less of an easy way out which forbade members of a particular community. By excluding members of just one community, the law seems to be against India’s principle of secularism.
This is an excellent book. Shashi Tharoor's writing is so vibrant and factually outstanding jotted down with all the passion and conviction. This is a comprehensive book on nationalism, patriotism, and what it means to be an Indian. A book for every Indian.
#readwithak
★★★★★
Author : @shashitharoor
Published by : @alephbookco
There are over a billion Indians alive today.
But are some Indians more Indian than others?
This is a prominent question around us since last few years and to answer this question one that is central to the identity of every man, woman, and child who belongs to the modern Republic of India, eminent thinker and bestselling writer Shashi Tharoor explores hotly contested ideas of nationalism, patriotism, citizenship, and belonging.
Tharoor is a great thinker and speaker of our time. In this book, he alleges that an alternative embodiment of nationalism has been built and imposed to exclude a particular set of citizens for the sake of an ingenious uniformity. This book so extensive, striking but not that aggressive. This is a luminous study of foundational ideas and concepts and national values.
This book radiantly explains the difference between nationalism and patriotism. This book is the conclusion of feelings, lessons and contentions on issues of nationalism and patriotism which are not just speculative but intentionally personal too.
This book is divided into six major sections. It begins by providing a historical context to ideas like nationalism, patriotism, humanism, democracy and traces their inception.
Tharoor vividly alleged that the Government under Prime Minister Modi threatening the most vital and fundamental idea of India on which our founding fathers emphasized too. In this book, he also opposes the Citizenship Amendment Act. According to him, the bill was nothing less of an easy way out which forbade members of a particular community. By excluding members of just one community, the law seems to be against India’s principle of secularism.
This is an excellent book. Shashi Tharoor's writing is so vibrant and factually outstanding jotted down with all the passion and conviction. This is a comprehensive book on nationalism, patriotism, and what it means to be an Indian. A book for every Indian.
#readwithak
May 13, 2021
The Battle of Belonging is a brave attempt by Shashi Tharoor to shed light on the origins of the words nation-state, patriotism, and their prominence in the current Indian political scenario, categorically pointing out the change in the political air in the Modern India, especially post the BJP's rise to power in 2014.
Shashi Tharoor narrates the story of the transcendence of power resulting in the weakening of democratic prowess, floundering secular inclusion - the bedrock principles on which the country was founded since independence, and a major shift from civic nationalism enshrined in the constitution to a more recent phenomenon of territorial nationalism, offering perspectives to broaden the horizon of the readers connecting various events in the contemporary period.
The book touches upon various sensitive political events, which are and should be made aware to the citizenry of the country - backing it up with well researched facts and relevant excerpts and sources (way too many).
Although the book points out the political path treaded by the ruling party - the BJP, it conveniently ignores the limitations and problems of his own party in the opposition - the INC. Yet, this book is a great read for readers having an open mind to understand the nuances of the political scenario in India and be critical of the Govt. in power.
Rating - 4/5
Shashi Tharoor narrates the story of the transcendence of power resulting in the weakening of democratic prowess, floundering secular inclusion - the bedrock principles on which the country was founded since independence, and a major shift from civic nationalism enshrined in the constitution to a more recent phenomenon of territorial nationalism, offering perspectives to broaden the horizon of the readers connecting various events in the contemporary period.
The book touches upon various sensitive political events, which are and should be made aware to the citizenry of the country - backing it up with well researched facts and relevant excerpts and sources (way too many).
Although the book points out the political path treaded by the ruling party - the BJP, it conveniently ignores the limitations and problems of his own party in the opposition - the INC. Yet, this book is a great read for readers having an open mind to understand the nuances of the political scenario in India and be critical of the Govt. in power.
Rating - 4/5
September 21, 2021
Even Tharoor Can't Shake His Biases!
This book elaborates on an idea whose time has come.
Indians must debate what form of nationalism they want. And Shashi Tharoor lays out the choices before us clearly. Hence the four stars.
But why not five?
That's because, when discussing the Congress party, he gets defensive. He glibly glosses over its failings and structural faults that are clearly visible to an unbiased eye.
Why did he have to do that? Because he needed to point out the structural faults of the BJP in order to make his case. And he found that he was throwing stones from a glass house.
But, possessing great intellect and exposure to world affairs, he has great ability to counter evidence that's obvious to the meanest intellect.
Barring this trap that he could not but set for himself, the book is an excellent take off platform for a crucial debate.
This book elaborates on an idea whose time has come.
Indians must debate what form of nationalism they want. And Shashi Tharoor lays out the choices before us clearly. Hence the four stars.
But why not five?
That's because, when discussing the Congress party, he gets defensive. He glibly glosses over its failings and structural faults that are clearly visible to an unbiased eye.
Why did he have to do that? Because he needed to point out the structural faults of the BJP in order to make his case. And he found that he was throwing stones from a glass house.
But, possessing great intellect and exposure to world affairs, he has great ability to counter evidence that's obvious to the meanest intellect.
Barring this trap that he could not but set for himself, the book is an excellent take off platform for a crucial debate.
February 15, 2021
At a time when the word "nationalism" and "anti-national" have completely redefined their meanings, this book is a passionate attempt to describe the evolution of the word "nationalism" over the years and it's significance in indian context. Shashi ji, very poignantly describes the possible destruction of civic nationalism, the very essence of our indian constitution under the popular uprising of ethno/majoritarian nationalism. He goes on to criticize the current leading party for its questionable decisions leading to corrosion of democracy and expresses his vision of what future holds for india if this continues. Though it felt a bit long and took me over a month to finish, it was a very insightful read. Definitely would recommend.
April 28, 2021
As always, a book with very interesting facts. I have always enjoyed reading Mr Tharoor’s books. But I would say this one did not make the mark. Reason being, it was reeking with anti-BJP and pro-congress propaganda. Even though I agree with most of his points of views, for an apolitical reader like myself, I would have preferred a book bringing out the dilution in Indian pluralism, equality and egalitarianism, but without the political bashing. Today’s India is smart enough to catch hints. Therefore, in my opinion, the political bashing took away the pleasure of reading.
January 15, 2022
An interesting and thought provoking book on nationalism and pseudo nationalism written in Shashi Tharoors inimitable style. The book is engaging and raises a lot of questions on the current state of affairs in India including topics like ethno-nationalism, majoiritanianism etc. Where the book falters is when the inherent bias of the politician Tharoor gets the better of author Tharoor. That said, the book is well worth a read for its relevance considering the current political situation in India.
March 30, 2023
Battle is a jingo word, that also includes nationalism, patriotism and fanatic nationalism. It's a clarified argument rearffirming many about civic nationalism and patriotism, can it bring us atleast for a moment that secularist human? Can be more clear about Ambedkarite identities? India is a complex state. Trauma that everyone in India as an Indian go through, battle of belonging brings that moment where trauma brings in clarity, what is it to you after that moment? Ajingo? Or jingo? Peace in Kashmir? Or in Buddhist China?
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