John Glenn was an American hero. This title became a part of him. It nourished and stimulated him. In an age almost devoid of heroes, he was something extraordinary, the last of his kind — a man with both physical courage and moral conviction. Before and after the orbital flight that engraved his name in the annals of history, he repeatedly welcomed challenges by stepping forward and offering his life in the service of his country. He aimed to live a good life. At that he succeeded, providing inspiration for millions to follow his example.
The future astronaut was born in Cambridge, Ohio on July 18, 1921, and grew up in New Concord, about nine miles away. In a school essay, John reported, "Soon after my arrival I was placed under the porch to see whether I was going to walk, crawl, or fly. They wanted to know what kind of animal I would turn out to be." In fact, he eventually walked, crawled, and – most famously – flew.
Known to family wnd friends as "Bud," John Glenn loved the experiences of being an all-American boy in small-town America. Fishing with safety pins as hooks and exploring the mysteries of his wooded surroundings, he embraced the adventures his happy childhood offered. Like most boys, he sometimes found his way into trouble, but most of the time he walked the path his parents laid before him. Glenn attended church and Sunday school dutifully, and sometimes participated in Wednesday evening prayer meetings as well. His family was intensely religious, so he held strong beliefs.
Although at the time he was a boy airplanes were relatively new, John already showed a keen interest in flying. He crafted toy airplanes from balza wood, and Charles Lindbergh, who had crossed the Atlantic when Glenn was five, was one of his childhood heroes. Glenn flew for the first time in an open-cockpit biplane in Cambridge with his father.
During the Great Depression, the Glenns planted a large garden to minimize food bills. US Route 40 went through the village, so it was not unusual for a hungry stranger to knock on the door seeking food. "Whether it was just bread or something a little bit more elaborate," recalled Glenn's friend Rudy deLeon, the Glenns always tried to be sure "to have something when people came by." Sharing with those in need was a habit Glenn learned from his parents.
New Concord had no Boy Scout troop, so Glenn and several friends established the Ohio Rangers. Members embraced scouts' ideals as well as their love for camping. They produced a newspaper and fielded football and basketball teams. Every year they raised money for producing a small play in the auditorium. Despite occasional misdeeds of his own, Glenn was at heart a rule follower and, occasionally, an enforcer. At one Ohio Gathering, C. Edwin Houk sang "Hail, Hail, the Gang's All Here," including the line "What the hell do we care?" An outraged Glenn told Houk to stop and condemned his use of profanity. "I think he was ready to knock my block off," recalled Houk, who grew up to be a minister. He remembered another episode when several teens were riding in Glenn's car, and someone called a young mother pushing a baby carriage "a good-lookin' gal." Glenn responded negatively, exclaiming, "Hey, that's a married woman!" According to Houk, the community of New Concord provided good foundations for a life shaped by patriotism and piety — the two qualities that would characterize John Glenn throughout his life. ". . . John and I learned friendliness from New Concord's people. As members of the town band, we marched in many a parade, playing tunes like 'America' and 'Battle Hymn [of the Republic],' learning a kind of patriotism that is growing scarce today," Houk recalled in 1962.
John Glenn never relinquished his roots. "He was a man of New Concord, Ohio," Rudy deLeon said. "He's not a person of San Francisco or New York City, but he really came from the heartland. And it was with those values that he took into the Marine Corps for World War II and Korea, and then into Project Mercury."
His life was exemplary and phenomenal. His wife, Annie, was the only girl he had ever dated, and his love for her never wavered during more than seventy years together. He fought in the Second World War, during which he met his childhood idol Lindbergh. He also fought in Korea, where he flew alongside Ted Williams, one of the nation's greatest sports stars, and downed three Soviet MiGs in the war's final nine days, attacking zealously and riskily and earning the name Ol' Magnet Tail because of the many times his plane was bit in combat. "That man is crazy," said Williams about him.
In the late 1950s, he set an aviation record, flying from Los Angeles to New York in three hours and twenty-three minutes, and won the top prize on a TV game show. Then he was selected by NASA as one of the Mercury 7 – the astronauts the whole nation was depending on to save America's face. The Soviet Union had beaten the United States to every major space sensation — first satellite ( Sputnik in 1957), first manned flight ( Yuri Gagarin in April 1961), first manned orbital flight (also Yuri Gagarin). Unlike the rest of the astronauts, who were awkward in front of the media, Glenn quickly captured the American public's attention and affection. He fitted the image of a hero perfectly — he said all the right things and what's more, he meant them. He never seemed burdened by the journalists' intense scrutiny. He instructed his fellow astronauts to be virtuous, well-behaved, and "keep their pants zipped" during the training. It was almost unbelieavable when Alan Shepard, and not John Glenn, the nation's hero, got to be the first man in space.
Glenn was yet to steal the spotlight from Shepard, though. On February 20 1962, as the whole America was staring at the TV screen, its breath hitched, he soared into space as the first American to orbit Earth. And unlike the secret Soviet flights, his daring odyssey into the unknown received a full day of television coverage. Afterwards, all fifty states from Maine to Hawaii celebrated, "with ticker tape raining in New York City and teary-eyed lawmakers saluting him [John Glenn] on Capitol Hill." He elevated American spirits. He became the space hero of the United States. He was the man who came to define the image of the astronaut.
He seemed comfortable with fame — confident but never cocky. He was humble and generous. His short adresses were powerful. He was always ready to stop and sign autographs, without showing any signs of being opressed by the crowds of fans. Demonstrating both his valor and his virtue, Glenn did not hide his desire to embody what was best about his beloved country.
Over the course of his life, he gave to the United States again and again. After twenty-three years in the military and twenty-four years in the Senate, he was still at the job at age seventy-seven. He was brave enough to ride a rocket a second time, becoming the oldest man to fly in space. He was comfortable in his own skin, and he always treated everyone, regardless of status, as an equal. He befriended President John F. Kennedy, and became an even closer friend of his brother Robert.
And Glenn's courageous acts did not begin in 1962 aboard his orbital craft, Friendship 7. As an uncelebrated marine pilot in WWII and Korea, he flew a total of 149 combat missions. He proved himself willing to sacrifice his own safety to protect the lives of the alied troops and to defend American ideals. He understood danger and its inevitability in the life of a military man. When asked about the risks of being an astronaut, he said, "Everybody is aware of the danger. . . . You feel it's important enough to take a risk." Dale Butland, Glenn's Senate press secretary and Ohio chief of staff, described Glenn as "a patriot to his bones."
Thousands of Americans, many children among them, wrote to Glenn, describing the day of his flight as a highlight of their lives and comparing him to Superman and other fictional heroes. He had touched the hearts of millions in his land and beyond. They had found in him a modern-day hero. Children across the nation dreamt of being John Glenn. Steve Rovinson dressed up as Glenn for a Halloween party, wrapping himself in an embarassing amount of aluminium foil, and later flew with John Glenn on the shuttle Discovery. He found him every bit the extraordinary man he had admired as a child.
Looking back at Glenn's orbital flight, one observer noted that John Glenn cast a spell on the American people that never quite wore off. He was the kind of person the nation needed and needs — a human being, not perfect or superhuman, but true to himself, his ideals, and his fellow citizens.
THE LAST HERO is a highly readable biography that traces the making of an enduring American hero from cradle to grave. It leaves no aspect of his life out and succeeds in showing Glenn The Person instead of only Glenn The Revered Superhero. Highly recommendable.